OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction on Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression.

METHODThirty-two NOD mice were randomly divided into the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine group (TCM group, orally given 0.4 mL nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction as per 100 g x kg(-1) everyday), the hydroxychloroquine group (given 0.4 mL hydroxychloroquine as per 60 mg x kg(-1) everyday), the traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine group (TCM WM group, given nourishing Yin, Strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction 50 g x kg(-1) and hydroxychloroquine 60 mg x kg(-1), 0.4 mL everyday), with eight mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were selected as the normal control group (normal group). All of mice were killed after eight weeks, and their submaxillary glands were dissected. The expression levels of Fas/FasL were examined by immunohistochemical method, and the FasL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTThe expression levels of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of the model group were higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL of the normal group was much lower than that in the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of Fas mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in other groups, but the control group was notably lower than other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in TCM and TCM WM groups (P < 0.05). But the expression level in TCM WM group was notably lower than the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction could down-regulate the expression level of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression, and had a better efficacy after being combined with hydroxychloroquine. The nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction might treat the Sjogren's Syndrome by reducing apoptosis which is regulated by Fas/FasL

Animals ; Fas Ligand Protein ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Qi ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salivary Glands ; metabolism ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; blood ; genetics ; therapy ; Yin-Yang ; fas Receptor ; genetics

Objective:To study the effect of molecular weight and degree of substitution (DS) of chitosan-poly-arginine (CS-R9) on transdermal penetration enhancement in vitro. Methods:Low molecular CS, medium molecular CS or high molecular CS was respectively used to synthesize CS-R9 with different molecular weight (LCS-R9-1, MCS-R9 and HCS-R9). Low molecular CS was used to synthesize CS-R9 with various degree of substitution by changing the mole ratio between R9 and CS (LCS-R9-1, LCS-R9-2 and LCS-R9-3). The in vitro transdermal penetration enhancement of the different CS-R9 on tinidazole ( TNZ) was studied using Franz diffusion cells. Results:According to the results of FTIR and 1 H-NMR, a series of target CS-R9 were synthesized including LCS-R9-1 with the DS of 2. 30, MCS-R9 with the DS of 2. 17, HCS-R9 with the DS of 2. 20, LCS-R9-2 with the DS of 8. 05 and LCS-R9-3 with the DS of 15. 87. Compared with the blank control group, Azone group, LCS group, R9 group and LCS+R9 group, LCS-R9-1 could enhance the in vitro transdermal penetration of TNZ significantly (P<0. 05). When the DS was unchanged, LCS-R9-1 and HCS-R9 showed similar enhancement in the first 12h, and the effects were both higher than that of MCS-R9 (P<0. 05). The enhancement of HCS-R9 was decreased during 12-24h, while compared with that of LCS-R9-1, the difference was not notable (P>0. 05). When the molecular weight of CS was unchanged, the effect was increased with the rise of DS in the first 21h, however, after that, the effect was decreased with the rise of DS. Conclusion:Molecular weight and DS both have significant effect on the in vitro transdermal penetration enhancement of CS-R9, and it is valuable to further study the in vivo transdermal penetration enhancement of CS-R9 and underlying mechanisms.

Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss ; etiology ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Risk Factors

Objective To obtain anoikis-resistant cells from human osteosarcoma cell line hFOB1.19 and investigate its biological characteristics.Methods The osteosarcoma cell line we used was malignant transformed immortalized human fetal osteoblastic human cells(hFOB1.19)which was transformed in our lab(called transformant in this paper).We have used anti-adhesion cell culture method to mimic detachment of tumor cells from extracellular matrix(ECM)to obtain anoikis-resistant variants.Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the morphological changes,flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptotic rate.The growth characteristic was observed by MTT.The migration characteristics was examined by transwell cell culture system.Results Typical apoptotic cells were seen after de-adhesion culture.The apoptotic rate of the transformant at 24,48 and 72 h showed a gradually increasing tendency.The apoptotic rate of anoikis-resistant cells was lower than that of the transformant at the same time point.Compared with the transformant,the anoikis-resistant variants had stronger ability in proliferation and in migration with statistical significance(P

The scientific after-class activities in pediatrics can increase the synthetic ability of the medical students,including the manners of occupation,professional level,the skill of communication,clinical practice,serving community,the management of information and the critical thinking.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cases of anaphylactic death cases and explore the standards of judicial expertise of anaphylactic death for providing evidence for judicial expertise. METHODS: Fifty-nine cases death due to allergic reaction in Shanghai were collected. And details of medical history, clinical manifestation of anaphylactic reaction and postmortem examination findings were reviewed for all cases. RESULTS: In the 59 cases, there were 58 cases died from drug allergy, including 77.6% of them were antibiotics. The rates of treating in standard hospital and illegal clinic were 37.3% and 61.0%, respectively. The allergic symptoms were dyspnea and facial cyanosis. The time from contacting allergens to death ranged from 1 min to 3 d. The concentration of total serum IgE ranged from 50 to 576.92 IU/mL. The results of clinical manifestation and pathological anatomy had obviously changes. CONCLUSION Based on the exclusion of all other cause of death and synthetically analysis of details of cases, medical history, clinical manifestation and anatomy, the conclusion of anaphylactic death can reached. The details of cases including clinical history, exposure to allergens, and clinical manifestation play an important role in diagnosis of anaphylactic death.
Anaphylaxis/mortality* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects* ; Autopsy ; China ; Drug Hypersensitivity/mortality* ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

The DNA structures could be altered or even damaged by exogeous or endogenous factors during cell proliferation. Failure of effective and timely repair will lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. By taking the advantage of the quick proliferation of cancer cells, DNA damage induction, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis promotion have become important strategies for ant-cancer chemotherapy. Previous reports showed that an array of natural compounds inhibit cancer cell proliferation by inducing DNA damage, which have therapeutic potentials for anti-cancer drug research and development.
Animals ; Biological Products ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; DNA Damage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Mutation (substitution, deletion, insertion, etc.) in nucleotide acid causes the maximal sequence lengths of exact match (MALE) between paralogous members from a duplicate event to become shorter during evolution. In this work, MALE changes between members of 26 gene families from four representative species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Mus musculus and Homo sapiens) were investigated. Comparative study of paralogous' MALE and amino acid substitution rate (d(A)<0.5) indicated that a close relationship existed between them. The results suggested that MALE could be a sound evolutionary scale for the divergent time for paralogous genes during their early evolution. A reference table between MALE and divergent time for the four species was set up, which would be useful widely, for large-scale genome alignment and comparison. As an example, detection of large-scale duplication events of rice genome based on the table was illustrated.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Arabidopsis ; genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; methods ; Conserved Sequence ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza ; genetics ; Proteome ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; methods ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Species Specificity

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; administration & dosage ; Nanotechnology ; Research