Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Paranasal Sinuses

Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Taste Perception ; physiology

OBJECTIVE:To assess the current situation of pharmacoeconomic evaluation studies in China.METHODS:A total of351papers on pharmacoeconomic evaluation,published in Chinese academic journals,issued before year2003,were systematically reviewed.RESULTS:It was improper and nonstandard that Chinese researcher handled the theories,methodologies and analysis techniques of pharmacoeconomic evaluation.CONCLUSION:Further academic communication and the initiative and formulation of the guidelines for pharmacoeconomic evaluation will be necessary to improve the research quality and clinically rational use of pharmaceuticals and serve the formulation of related policies.

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of advanced rectal carcinoma in aged people. Methods The clinical data of 65 aged patients with advanced rectal carcinoma from 2000 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. Results All cases were Dukes D stage or accompanied with hepatic metastasis. Hartmann's operation was performed in 26 cases, single lumen sigmoidostomy in 11 cases, double lumen sigmoidostomy in 11 cases and resection of hepatic metastatic cancer in 12 cases. Rectal upper arterial catheter chemotherapy was performed in 19 cases and hepatic arterial catheter chemotherapy in 15 cases. The 3-year survival rate of Hartmann's operation was 34%(9/26), and the average survival time was 20?3.17 months in the patients underwent rectal upper and hepatic arterial catheter chemotherapy, and 10?1.77 months in the patients who could not be treated surgically(P

AIM: To explore the relationship between human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) gene activity and cytopathogenesis in HCMV infection. METHODS: HCMV echelin-infected cell model was set up in vitro by coincubating passage cultured HEL and HCMV with different titers (group A: 10-5; group B: 10-3; and group C: 10-1). FQ-PCR was performed to evaluate the number of HCMV DNA copies. MCP mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Meanwhile the development of cytopathologic effects (CPE) was observed under microscope and ultrastructural changes determined by TEM.RESULTS: Compared with group B and C in high HCMV titer, group A with low viral titer showed low HCMV DNA load (P

Objective To compare the anthelmintic effect of albendazole with that of triclabendazole against Fasciola giganti-ca. Methods Two patients infected with Fasciola gigantica were investigated,and one was administered with albendazole orally (200 mg,twice per day for 5 days)and another was administered with triclabendazole[10 mg/(kg?d)for 2 days]. Their total fe-ces were collected daily during the period of whole therapy,and the eggs of the parasite were collected by using the nylon bag method,and incubated at 28℃. Results The parasite eggs were detected from the first patient’s dejecta on the 1st,2nd and 5th day after the end of the treatment,and no miracidiums hatched out as well as no eggs developed during the period of 25 days of the incubation. Meanwhile,her body temperature fluctuated between 37.4℃and 38.3℃,and she still complained bellyache. For the other invalid,the eggs were not detected on the 2nd and 5th day after the end of the treatment. However,the eggs before and dur-ing the treatment developed the miracidiums of Fasciola gigantica on the 13th day after the incubation,but the eggs collected from the 1st day after the termination of the therapy did not develop and no miracidiums hatched out. At the same time,the signs and symptoms of the patient vanished after the 4th day of the end of the therapy. Conclusions Albendazole has no obvious insecticid-al activity on adult Fasciola gigantica in the short term,but may affect the development of eggs. Triclabendazole has the anthelmin-tic effect on the adults as well as eggs of Fasciola gigantica. In addition,triclabendazole has the characteristics of well curative ef-fect,short course of treatment,and no obvious side effects.

Brain computer interface is a control system between brain and outside devices by transforming electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The brain computer interface system does not depend on the normal output pathways, such as peripheral nerve and muscle tissue, so it can provide a new way of the communication control for paralysis or nerve muscle damaged disabled persons. Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is one of non-invasive EEG signals, and it has been widely used in research in recent years. SSVEP is a kind of rhythmic brain activity simulated by continuous visual stimuli. SSVEP frequency is composed of a fixed visual stimulation frequency and its harmonic frequencies. The two-dimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition (2D-EEMD) is an improved algorithm of the classical empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm which extended the decomposition to two-dimensional direction. 2D-EEMD has been widely used in ocean hurricane, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Lena image and other related image processing fields. The present study shown in this paper initiatively applies 2D-EEMD to SSVEP. The decomposition, the 2-D picture of intrinsic mode function (IMF), can show the SSVEP frequency clearly. The SSVEP IMFs which had filtered noise and artifacts were mapped into the head picture to reflect the time changing trend of brain responding visual stimuli, and to reflect responding intension based on different brain regions. The results showed that the occipital region had the strongest response. Finally, this study used short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to detect SSVEP frequency of the 2D-EEMD reconstructed signal, and the accuracy rate increased by 16%.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Humans ; Neural Pathways

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preservation of the structure and function of the trachea and larynx, the management of laryngotracheal defect when trachea and larynx was involved. METHOD: To review the management and clinical results of 13 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma with larynx and trachea involvement, the preservation of laryngotracheal structure and relative defect reconstruction of our department from 2007-2014. Those patients being performed total laryngectomy was excluded. 3 males and 10 females, aged from 46 to 67 years old with median age of 53 were included. Among them 8 cases were recurrent. The extent of the tumor foci was estimated with the help of computed tomography and laryngofiberoscope before surgery. Selective neck dissection, total thyroidectomy and related laryngotracheal resection was performed for the first time operation patient, while selective neck dissection, recurrent foci and related larynx and trachea resection was performed for those recurrent patients. Three kinds of modalities were applied to manage the laryngotracheal defect including to reconstruct with pedicled sternocleidomastoid clavicular periosteocutaneous flap, pedicled trapizius muscular flap and to preserve the remaining larynx and trachea and perform a stoma of larynx and trachea which repaired by a second-stage procedure. The patients were followed-up from half an year to 3 years. RESULT: Ten patients out of 13 decannulated while another 3 cases, 2 of which were performed local flap to reduce the stoma, wore tracheal tubes all time. CONCLUSION Either flap transfer or laryngotracheal stoma before second stage repair might preserve partial laryngotacheal anatomy and function in selected cases thus improve the life quality of the patients.
Aged ; Carcinoma ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Trachea ; surgery

This study is to compare the influence of CYP2D6 *3 and *4 genotypes and phenotypes on the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 in Chinese Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups. Allele specific amplification (ASA) was used to determine the CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4 genotypes. Phenotypes of CYP2D6 in all subjects were determined using dextromethorphan as probe drug by HPLC methods. Among the 132 Han subjects, one subject (0.76%) exhibited the *1/*3 combination, and one (0.76%) exhibited the *1/*4. Among the 136 Uygur subjects, 4 subjects (2.94%) showed the *1/*3 combination, 12 (8.82%) showed *1/*4, 4 (2.94%) showed *4/*4, and one (0.74%) showed *3/*4. Among the 116 Kazakh subjects, 2 (1.72%) exhibited the *1/*3 combination, 7 (6.03%) exhibited *1/1*4, and one (0.86%) showed *4/*4. This research revealed significant differences in the occurrence frequencies of the CYP2D6 genotype between Han and Uygur ethnic groups, as well as between Uygur and Kazakh populations. However, no difference was found between Han and Kazakh populations. In addition, the prevalence of PMs of the Uygur is comparable to that of the Caucasians. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the poor metabolism is different in these two populations.

To observe the expression of CD40/CD40L on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA), flow cytometry was employed to examine the expression of CD40 and CD40L on PMBC in 36 patients with CA and 20 healthy controls. Our results showed that mean level of CD40 expression in CA patients was significantly lower than that in the controls (6.58% +/- 2.74% vs 14.81% +/- 6.12%, t = 5.703, P < 0.05); the average level of CD40L in CA patients was also significantly lower than that in the controls (0.73% +/- 0.54% vs 2.67% +/- 2.43%, t = 3.532, P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the reduced costimulatory interaction of CD40 and CD40L in CA patients may be one of the important factors responsible for the low cellular immunity.