Ovarian endometrioma is a common form of endometriosis, which may cause infertility, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for endometriomas, recurrence poses a formidable frustration. This study investigated potential risk factors of endometriomas recurrence, aiming to better understand its pathogenesis. A total of 307 patients with endometriomas were followed up for an average of 28.6 months and the 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative recurrence rate was 9.5%, 21.9%, and 29.2%, respectively. Twenty-one potential risk factors for endometriomas recurrence were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards models. Total revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) score was significantly associated with higher recurrence (OR=1.858, 95% CI=1.122-3.075, P=0.016), as well as younger age at surgery (OR=0.953, 95% CI=0.915-0.992, P=0.020). Semiradical surgical treatment was defined as surgical removal of cyst plus hysterectomy with preservation of bilateral or unilateral ovary, and was a significant factor that was associated with lower recurrence than the conservative surgery (OR=0.318, 95% CI=0.107-0.951, P=0.040). Postoperative pregnancy was favorable factors for disease recurrence (OR=0.217, 95% CI=0.102-0.460, P=0.000). The results suggest that endometrioma recurrence is inversely associated with age at surgery and postoperative pregnancy, and may correlate with total rAFS score and conservative surgery method.

Linezolid is the first oxazolidinone antibacterial drug approved by the FDA, which can effectively treat various gram-positive bacterial infections, including blood infections, skin and soft tissue infections, community and hospital-acquired pneumonia. It has become one of the most commonly used antibiotics in clinical. In addition to the recently launched tedizolid phosphate (TR701) and contezolid (MRX-I), several oxazolidinone anti-infective candidates are currently under clinical research. This review briefly introduces the oxazolidinone antibiotics that have been marketed and are in clinical trials, and recent progress on the structure optimization of oxazolidinone drugs is also summarized.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of forkhead box P3 gene (FOXP3) and endometriosis in Chinese Han women from central China.

METHODSMassARRAY IPLEX and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technique was used to determine the genotypes of FOXP3 gene in 314 patients with endometriosis and 358 healthy controls.

RESULTSGenotypes of C/T polymorphism for the rs2280883 locus, A/C for the rs3761548 locus, and C/T for the rs3761549 locus were determined. No significant difference was detected in distribution of genotypes CC, CT and TT (P=0.770, OR=0.960; P=0.923, OR=1.013) and frequencies of C and T alleles (P=0.772, OR=0.960; P=0.925, OR=1.013) for rs2280883 and rs3761549 between the two groups. And no significant difference was detected in distribution of genotypes AA, AC and CC (P=0.762, OR=0.958) and frequencies of A and C alleles (P=0.715, OR=0.950) for rs3761548 was detected between the two groups. Based on r-AFS classification, the patients were divided into two groups (respectively with I-II stage and III-IV stage endometriosis). Again, no significant difference was detected in distribution of genotypes CC, CT and TT (P=0.454, OR=1.198, P=0.526, OR=0.909; P=0.220, OR=0.750, P=0.548, OR=1.094) and frequencies of C and T alleles (P=0.473, OR=1.215, P=0.532, OR=0.912; P=0.204, OR=0.737, P=0.558, OR=1.089) for rs22080883 and rs3761549 loci between the two patient groups. No association was found between distribution of genotypes AA, AC and CC (P=0.431, OR=1.211; P=0.508, OR=0.905) and frequencies of A and C alleles (P=0.417, OR=1.226; P=0.516, OR=0.908) for rs3761548 locus between the two patient groups.

CONCLUSIONOur study has failed to found any association between FOXP3 gene polymorphisms rs2280883, rs3761548 and rs3761549 with endometriosis in Chinese Han patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Endometriosis ; genetics ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, the incidence of unexplained sudden death has risen significantly across the world. However, it occurred suddenly, often in young apparently healthy individuals and almost 50% of the patients did not have any warning signals or symptoms. Therefore, the prodromal symptoms before the incident are extremely important for early prediction of sudden death. In this article, we aimed to explore the value of prodromal symptoms for unexplained sudden death and whether the prodromal symptoms have a predictive function to unexplained sudden death (USD) without underlying diseases.

METHODSA total of 208 sudden death cases were selected for the survey in the Emergency Department of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2006 to December 2009 and their medical records were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups, 65 patients had underlying diseases while 143 had not underlying diseases. In the meantime, their prodromal symptoms were collected and compared, prodromal symptoms including chest distress, dyspnea, syncope, fever, headache, vomiting, etc.

RESULTSPatients with underlying diseases were compared to those without underlying diseases associated with sudden death; there was no significant difference in gender and age distribution. Among the 208 cases, 39 cases (18.75%) had prodromal symptoms, patients with underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 12 cases (18.46%), while patients without underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 27 cases (18.88%). The difference between the two groups with prodromal symptoms was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSProdromal symptoms are extremely important warning signals in the occurrence of USD. It has equally important predictive value for patients both with and without underlying diseases, especially in predicting sudden death caused by cardiopulmonary and neurological diseases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Death, Sudden ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prodromal Symptoms

Base Sequence ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptor, Cholecystokinin A ; genetics ; Schizophrenia ; genetics

To investigate the influence of such individual factors as gender, age and tissues in vitro to the postmortem interval (PMI) by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer in animal experiments. SD rats were classified into male and female groups, different age groups (21-day, 42-day and 63-day group), and tissues in vitro and in vivo groups. The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, whose bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at (20+/-2) degrees C and 50% humidity. The liver, kidney, spleen, myocardium, brain, lung and skeletal muscle tissues were collected for measurement from time zero to 48 h postmortem. With the change of PMI, no obvious changes were found in the main FTIR absorbance peaks and their ratios at different time points. All the experimental groups showed no significant changes when compared with the controls. The gender, age and tissues in vitro were not found to be contributing factors in the estimation of PMI via FTIR spectroscopy.
Age Factors ; Animals ; Autopsy/methods* ; Brain Chemistry ; Female ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Kidney/chemistry* ; Linear Models ; Liver/chemistry* ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry* ; Myocardium/chemistry* ; Postmortem Changes ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Factors ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Time Factors

Ovarian endometrioma is a common form of endometriosis, which may cause infertility, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for endometriomas, recurrence poses a formidable frustration. This study investigated potential risk factors of endometriomas recurrence, aiming to better understand its pathogenesis. A total of 307 patients with endometriomas were followed up for an average of 28.6 months and the 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative recurrence rate was 9.5%, 21.9%, and 29.2%, respectively. Twenty-one potential risk factors for endometriomas recurrence were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards models. Total revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) score was significantly associated with higher recurrence (OR=1.858, 95% CI=1.122-3.075, P=0.016), as well as younger age at surgery (OR=0.953, 95% CI=0.915-0.992, P=0.020). Semiradical surgical treatment was defined as surgical removal of cyst plus hysterectomy with preservation of bilateral or unilateral ovary, and was a significant factor that was associated with lower recurrence than the conservative surgery (OR=0.318, 95% CI=0.107-0.951, P=0.040). Postoperative pregnancy was favorable factors for disease recurrence (OR=0.217, 95% CI=0.102-0.460, P=0.000). The results suggest that endometrioma recurrence is inversely associated with age at surgery and postoperative pregnancy, and may correlate with total rAFS score and conservative surgery method.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Endometriosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Pregnancy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo determine the risk of noncardiac surgery in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

METHODSWe reviewed the medical records of all patients who were diagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1998 to August 2006 and identified 24 patients who subsequently underwent noncardiac surgery.

RESULTSThere were no intraoperative cardiac events. Postoperative cardiac events were identified in 3 patients including 1 death due to acute myocardial infarction and 2 episodes of transient hypotension.

CONCLUSIONSThe risk of anesthesia and noncardiac surgery is low in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. During the perioperative period, beta-blockers and/or calcium channel blockers should be given; vasodilator and inotropic agents should be avoided due to the side effects on hemodynamics.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiomegaly ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment

To evaluate the inhibitory effects of long antisense RNA on HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells. The coding region of HBV S gene was cloned into pTARGET vector in sense and antisense orientations and the recombinant plasmids were transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells which were divided into HBS2 (antisense RNA) group, HBS4 (sense RNA) group and control group. HBsAg and HBeAg in the culture supernate were detected by ELISA. The HBV DNA in the supernate was quantified by real-time PCR. After treatment, the levels of HBsAg in HepG2.2.15 cell supernatants of three groups were 0.621+/-0.027, 3.399+/-0.018 and 2.232+/-0.187 respectively; the levels of HBeAg were 0.749+/-0.019, 1.548+/-0.025 and 1.570+/-0.044 respectively and the levels of HBV DNA were 1.597+/-0.082, 3.381+/-0.297 and 3.610+/-0.063 respectively. The expressions of HBsAg and HBeAg and the HBV DNA level in HBS2 group were remarkably reduced as compared to the control (Z = -2.309, P value is less than 0.05); whereas the sense plasmid transfection (HBS4) did not affect HBeAg (Z = -0.866) and HBV DNA (Z = -1.155) levels in the culture supernate but slightly increased the HBsAg level (Z = -2.309). Antisense RNA might be a useful tool to repress HBV replication.
DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Plasmids ; RNA Interference ; Transfection ; Virus Replication ; genetics

OBJECTIVEMajor histocompatibility complex class I C-related molecules A and B (MICA and MICB) are innate immune system ligands for the NKG2D receptor expressed by natural killer cells and activated CD8(+)T cells. Our previous study showed that 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, can induce the expression of MICB and sensitized cells to NKL-cell-mediated cytolysis. The aim of this study was to determine the expression level of MICA in HepG2 cells (an HCC cell line) and L02 cells ( a normal liver cell), and to investigate the effect of 5-aza-dC on MICA expression in HepG2 cells.

METHODSCells were treated with 5-aza-dC, caffeine and ATM-specific siRNA. The cell surface MICA protein on HepG2 cells and L02 cells was determined using flow cytometry. The mRNA level was detected using real time RT-PCR.

RESULTSMICA was undetectable on the surface of L02 cells, but was highly expressed on HepG2 cells. MICA expression was upregulated in response to 5-aza-dC treatment (P less than 0.05), and the upregulation of MICA was partially prevented by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that 5-aza-dC induces the expression of MICA by a DNA damage-dependent mechanism.

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Caffeine ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation