OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective: To explore the heterogeneity and correlation of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: A retrospective study of 1 235 patients with clinically proposed DSD in 36 pediatric medical institutions across the country from January 2017 to May 2021. After capturing 277 DSD-related candidate genes, second-generation sequencing was performed to analyzed the heterogeneity and correlation combined with clinical phenotypes. Results: Among 1 235 children with clinically proposed DSD, 980 were males and 255 were females of social gender at the time of initial diagnosis with the age ranged from 1 day of age to 17.92 years. A total of 443 children with pathogenic variants were detected through molecular genetic studies, with a positive detection rate of 35.9%. The most common clinical phenotypes were micropenis (455 cases), hypospadias (321 cases), and cryptorchidism (172 cases) and common mutations detected were in SRD5A2 gene (80 cases), AR gene (53 cases) and CYP21A2 gene (44 cases). Among them, the SRD5A2 mutation is the most common in children with simple micropenis and simple hypospadias, while the AMH mutation is the most common in children with simple cryptorchidism. Conclusions: The SRD5A2 mutation is the most common genetic variant in Chinese children with DSD, and micropenis, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias are the most common clinical phenotypes. Molecular diagnosis can provide clues about the biological basis of DSD, and can also guide clinicians to perform specific clinical examinations. Target sequence capture probes and next-generation sequencing technology can provide effective and economical genetic diagnosis for children with DSD.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Cryptorchidism/genetics* ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics* ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypospadias/genetics* ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Penis/abnormalities* ; Phenotype ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/genetics*

Objective: High PM concentration is the main feature of increasing haze in developing states, but information on its microbial composition remains very limited. This study aimed to determine the composition of microbiota in PM in Guangzhou, a city located in the tropics in China. Methods: In Guangzhou, from March 5 to 10 , 2016, PM was collected in middle volume air samplers for 23 h daily. The 16S rDNA V4 region of the PM sample extracted DNA was investigated using high-throughput sequence. Results: Among the Guangzhou samples, , , , , and were the dominant microbiota accounting for more than 90% of the total microbiota, and was the dominant gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 21.30%-23.57%. We examined the difference in bacterial distribution of PM between Beijing and Guangzhou at the genus level; was found in both studies, but was only detected in Guangzhou. Conclusion In conclusion, the diversity and specificity of microbial components in Guangzhou PM were studied, which may provide a basis for future pathogenicity research in the tropics.
Air Microbiology ; Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Bacteria ; classification ; isolation & purification ; China ; Cities ; Environmental Monitoring ; Microbiota ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; analysis ; RNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; analysis

The intestinal absorption characteristics of ten iridoid glycosides and phenolic acids in the Pterocephali Herba were evaluated via rat intestinal valgus model. The intestinal sac fluids at different time after administration of high,medium and low concentrations of Pterocephali Herba extract were collected and ten chemical components in fluid samples were detected by UPLC-PDA. Accumulative absorbed doses( Q) and absorption rate constants( Ka) of ten chemical constituents were calculated,while proportions between Pterocephali Herba extract and intestinal absorption liquid were compared. The results showed that the intestinal absorption of 10 chemical components was linear absorption( R2>0. 9) at different concentrations,which accorded with the zero-order absorption rate. The absorption rate constant was related to the concentration of the drug and the intestinal site,which indicated that intestinal adsorption mechanism of the components were passive diffusion and active transport. Proportions of chemical constituents in intestinal sac fluid were different from those in Pterocephali Herba extract. Therefore,those ten chemical components in Pterocephali Herba extract can be absorbed in whole intestine. Everted intestinal sac model can be used to evaluate intestinal absorption characteristics of ingredients in Pterocephali Herba extract effectively.
Animals ; Caprifoliaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method was used to analyze the soil organic matter (SOM) composition of a black soil under different management types. Spectral subtraction method was used for eliminating the interference of soil mineral to the absorption peak. Peaks at 2920,2850,1630 and 1420 cm-1were selected as a range of organic functional groups, and relative areas of these peaks were calculated by integral method. The correlation between peak areas and the content of SOM fractions were analyzed. Positive correlations between carbon (C) in fractions representing labile SOM (water-soluble organic carbon,hot water-soluble organic carbon, free light fraction carbon, occluded light fraction carbon) and the peak area at 2920 cm-1in the bulk soil indicated that this aliphatic peak corresponded to the more labile C compounds. Negative correlations between the same fractions and the area of the predominantly aromatic peak at 1630 cm-1in the bulk soil suggested a relationship with more stable SOM compounds. The ratio of the peaks at 1630 and 2920 cm-1was positively correlated with the ratio of stable C(heavy fraction) to labile C (light fraction) and thus taken as an indicator of SOM stability. This method was convenient, low cost and less sample usage,and could be used to analyze the organic carbon composition of soils which has the same mineral composition.

By making use of 19 keywords,the paper searches the APP Store for APP related to imaging diagnostics and interventional radiology,analyzes parameters like APP classifications,satisfaction,publisher identity and downloads with statistical methods.The result shows that mobile learning APP,which facilitate imaging diagnostics and interventional radiology doctors with mobile learning,are more popular.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Chinese PLA, and to provide scientific evidence for its prevention and control in military troops .Methods Surveillance data from January 1991 to July 2016 and articles of EHF about PLA were collected and analysed .Results A total of 23 EHF outbreaks were reported by articles in PLA and 17 outbreaks were reported in Northeast , predominant of all reported area and accounting for 73.91%( P <0.01).1666 cases and 12 outbreaks were reported by the system of army epidemic situation inspection information administration and army public health emergencies and infectious disease reporting information from January 1991 to July 2016 , with downward trend of overall incidence , which distributed 734 cases in North China and accounted for 46%(P<0.01).The number of male patients is more than the female (P<0.01).The number of soldier patients is obviously increased compared with the officer (P<0.05).Camp is the most infected place(P<0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of EHF become stable in the PLA , which showed significant difference in gender , occupation categories and infected regions was found .Monitoring should be straightened and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be developed to enhance the ability and level to prevent and control the EHF in high epidemic area in PLA .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in brain injury after the induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by cranial MRI.

METHODSThe clinical data and cranial MRI results of 62 children with ALL who were hospitalized from March 2014 to June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSBefore chemotherapy, MRI showed bone marrow infiltration of the skull in 33 patients (53%); the children with WBC<20×10(9)/Lhad a significantly lower incidence rate of bone marrow infiltration of the skull than those with WBC≥20×10(9)/L (16 patients/42% vs 17 patients/71%; P<0.05), and the high-risk group had a significantly higher incidence rate of bone marrow infiltration of the skull than the non-high-risk group (71% vs 44%; P<0.05). Before chemotherapy, there were 4 cases (7%) of brain atrophy, and 2 cases (3%) of abnormal signals in the sensory conduction bundle. MRI reexamination in 28 patients after 3 months of chemotherapy showed 3 new cases (11%) of brain atrophy and 1 aggravated case of brain atrophy.

CONCLUSIONSThe children with ALL have bone marrow infiltration of the skull, brain atrophy, and abnormal signals in the sensory conduction bundle before chemotherapy, especially bone marrow infiltration of the skull, and some changes in brain injury disappear after treatment.

Adolescent ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; adverse effects ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo identify the anti-inflammatory effects of artificial musk aqueous extract(AME)on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokines secreted or released by RAW264.7 cells.

METHODSCytokines including interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor Α were determined using cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

RESULTCompared with model group,the levels of major cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor Α,IL-6,and IL-10 significantly decreased in different AME groups in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONIn lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages,AME can remarkably inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines and thus exerts its anti-inflammatory effects.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; pharmacology ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study effective active constituents of Cayratia japonica,a genuine herbal medicine from Fujian.

METHODSuch chromatographic methods as Macroporous, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and normal phase silica gel column chromatography were adopted to separate the chemical components of C. japonica.

RESULTThirteen compounds were obtained, and their structures were identified by analyzing multiple spectral data as luteolin(1), apigenin(2), triethyl citrate-(3), 3-formylindole(4), esculetin(5), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate(6), calendin(7), ethyl-trans-3,4-dihydr-oxycinnamate(8), luteolin7-O-D-glucoside(9),5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentyl-2(5H-furanone(10),ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(11), eriodictyol(12) and daucosterol(13).

CONCLUSIONAmong them, compounds 3-8 and 10-12 were separated from the plant for the first time.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vitaceae ; chemistry