Objective To evaluate the effect of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)and ultraviolet B (UVB) on the expression of aquaporin 3 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in keratinocytes.Methods Twenty healthy human subjects were enrolled in this study.Both legs of each subjects were separated into 4 areas to remain untreated (control area),be topically treated with 3％ and 1％ EGCG cream and the vehicle of EGCG cream respectively once a day for 2 weeks followed by the measurement of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).Cultured keratinocytes were classified into various groups to be irradiated with different doses (10,20 and 30 mJ/cm2) of UVB,or be pretreated with different concentrations of EGCG (10-7,10-6,10-5 mol/L) or EGFR/ERK phosphorylation inhibitors for 1 hour followed by irradiation with UVB of 30 mJ/cm2.After various durations of additional culture,Western blot was conducted to quantify the expression of AQP3 and phosphorylated-EGFR (p-EGFR) and-ERK (p-ERK) of keratinocytes.Data were processed by SPSS 10.0 software,and statistical analysis was carried out by t test.Results Skin moisture content was significantly increased,while TEWL was decreased in healthy skin after treatment with 1％ and 3％ EGCG cream compared with vehicle-treated skin areas and untreated skin areas.Increased AQP3 expression was observed in keratinocytes pretreated with EGCG of 10-7,10-6,10-5 mol/L (172.36 ± 12.42,320.66 ± 15.51 and 368.10 ± 11.39 vs.100.00,t =12.16,26.75 and 38.62 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05) and in those pretreated with the EGFR inhibitor PD153035 of 1.0 μmol/L and ERK inhibitor U0126 of 10 μmol/L (413.85 ± 25.27 and 268.85 ± 16.33 vs.100.00,t =35.16,19.25 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05)compared with those irradiated with UVB of 30 mJ/cm2 alone.UVB irradiation stimulated the phosphorylation of EGFR/ERK in keratinocytes,and the stimulation was markedly inhibited by the pre-treatment with EGCG of 10-7,10-6 and 10-5 mol/L (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EGCG can enhance skin barrier function.AQP3 expression is down-regulated by UVB irradiation in keratinoctyes,while EGCG can inhibit the downregulation likely by suppressing the UVB-induced activation of EGFR and ERK.

Epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have mainly been caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and Enterovirus A 71 (EV-A71), which circulated alternatively or together in the affected area. CVA16 has caused numerous outbreaks and epidemics in multiple countries and geographical regions, and has become an important public health problem. Based on an analysis of the complete VP1 coding region, all CVA16 strains can be divided into genotypes A, B1, and B2. Furthermore, genotype B1 can be divided into subgenotypes B1a, B1b, and B1c. After 2000, no reports of genotype B2 virus strains have been reported. All of the CVA16 strains reported in mainland China have belonged to subgenotypes B1a and B1b. Most CVA16-associated infections cause only mild symptoms; however, some CVA16 infections can lead to severe complications and even death. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective method to control the transmission and infection rate of this virus. A number of research groups are studying various vaccine types, including inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines, and DNA vaccines, amongst others. In this review, an overview is provided of the research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of CVA16.
Animals ; China ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Viral Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

Adenoma ; metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; metabolism ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; metabolism ; Secretagogins ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; metabolism

AIM: To study the protection of extract of Radix Atragali composite against acute hepatic injury. METHODS: Fed with the extract of Radix Atragali composite, m ice were injected with D-galactosamine intraperitoneally (800 mg/kg) and rats were i njected with carbon tetrachloride hypodermically (5 mL/kg) to induce acute hepat ic injury on the 8th day. ALT, AST and bilirubin in serum were examined. Patholo gical changes of liver tissue were observed. RESULTS: Compared with model group, activities of ALT and AST, c oncentrations of bilirubin were markedly decreased and pathological scores also showed that degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cell were lighter in the the ex tract of Radix Atragali composite treatment group. CONCLUSION: The extract of Radix Atragali composite attenuat es hepatic injury induced by D-galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride.

A questionnaire was used to survey the perspective of the 22 mentors,24 students, 27 graduate students and 27 public health units on the competence of MPH student. The result showed that the practice skill,analyzing skill,program plan and practice skill,and emergency reaction abil-ity got more attention. This suggested that to the training of MPH,the training objective should focus on the ability to resolve problems; the curriculum should focus on the characters of public health and on the practice training.

Objective To study the effect of extended Whipple′s resection for carcinoma of head of pancreas.Methods Seventy-five patients who underwent surgery for carcinoma of head of pancreas were divided into control group(traditional Whipple′s operation,n=38) and study group(extended Whipple′s operation,n=37).The survival,complication,mortality and recurrence rates were compared between the 2 groups.Results In control group and study group,the complication rate was 60.53%and 29.73%;the mortality rate was 5.26% and 2.70%;the recurrence rate was 78.95% and 35.14%;and 3-year survival rate was 15.79% and 35.14%,respectively.Conclusions Extended Whipple′s resection for carcinoma of head of pancreas can decrease postoperative recurrence rate and increase 3-year survival rate.

Objective To study the relationship of urine RBC morphology between UF-100 urine sediment analytic instrument andphase contrast microscope.Methods The UF-100 urine sediment analytic instrument to analyze 500 urine specimens and study the relation-ship of urine RBC morphology between urine sediment analytic instrument and phase contrast microscope.Results The according perceptionof Normocytic,Microcytic and Non-classified RBC between phase contrast microscope and UF-100 urine sediment analytic instrument RBC-info are 91.4%,94.4%,83.3% respectively,the according perception between phase contrast microscope and RBC-P70Fsc are 94.9%,95.7%,94.7% respectively,and the according perception between phase contrast microscope and RBC Fsc-DW are 84.4%,86.8%,90.5% respectively,the specificity of UF-100 and phase contrast microscope in glomerular hematuria and non-glomerular hematuria are84.3%,88.1% and 83.3%,87.9% respectively.Conclusion The results show that the UF-100 urine sediment analytic instrument issimply operating,fast and high accurate,and which can instruct clinical dignose,therapy and prognosis judgement.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy combined with thoracic biochemical detections in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions. Methods Sixty-four patients with moderate or large pleural effusions and pleural thickening received the ultrasound-guided diagnostic pleural biopsy. All patients had chest CT enhancement scans to find out the suspicious pleural thickening preoperatively, facilitating the selection of puncture sites by ultrasound. Pleural tissue samples were sent for pathological examinations immediately. After successful achievements of pleural biopsy, ultrasound-guided aspiration or drainage was performed to alleviate symptoms, more importantly, to get pleural effusions for biochemical analysis. Biological results including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), CA125, CYFRA21 and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in malignant and tuberculous effusions were analyzed by group design t tests. The positive rates of CEA, CA125, CYFRA21, LDH in malignant and tuberculous effusions were compared by chi square tests. Results Pleural tissues in all cases were got by one pleural biopsy procedure. The strategy of pleural biopsy we used in this study had a successful rate reaching 100%(64/64), and 73% (46/64) patients had a definitive diagnosis as malignant or tuberculous effusion. Twenty-seven cases were diagnosed as malignant effusions and thirty-seven cases as tuberculous effusions based on the deifnitive clinical diagnosis. The positive rates of CEA, CA125, CYFRA21, LDH in malignant effusions were 100%(27/27), 100%(27/27), 100%(27/27), 89%(24/27) respectively, and 0%(0/37), 84%(31/37), 78%(29/37), 76%(28/37) respectively in tuberculous effusions. The positive rate of CEA between malignant and tuberculous effusions differed signiifcantly (χ2=64.0, P < 0.01), so did CA125 (χ2=3.1, P < 0.01) and CYFRA21(χ2=4.8, P<0.01). The average levels of CEA, CA125, CYFRA21, LDH in pleural effusion were (727.1±658.8)μg/L, (795.2±1249.6)×103 U/L, (296.2±320.7)μg/L, (1077.9±1058.5) U/L respectively, and (1.7±1.1)μg/L, (336.3±208.6)×103 U/L, (20.7±14.9)μg/L, (309.2±182.7) U/L in tuberculous effusions.There were signiifcant differences in CEA, CYFRA21 and LDH concentrations among malignant and tuberculous effusions (t=45.1, 27.4, 18.8 respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy combined with CEA, CYFRA21 and LDH in pleural effusions had an important value in the etiological diagnosis of pleural effusions, while CA125 showed little value in the differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of shear wave elastography (SWE) combined with transition zone biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODSA total of 489 patients with suspected PCa underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and SWE-guided prostatic biopsy. We evaluated the role of SWE combined with transition zone biopsy in promoting the detection rate in comparison with the results of biopsy pathology.

RESULTSThe pathological results confirmed 221 malignant and 268 benign cases. Based on systematic biopsy, SWE combined with transition zone biopsy achieved a detection rate of 45. 19% , significantly higher than that of systematic biopsy alone (33.13%) (P < 0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SWE were significantly better than those of TRUS (P < 0.05). The mean elasticity (Emean) of SWE was remarkably higher for malignant than for benign lesions ([40.1 ± 9.5] vs [21.6 ± 8.3] kPa, P < 0.05). With 28.5 kPa as the threshold of the Emean value, the area under the ROC curve was 0. 899, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 88.71% and 86.23%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSWE combined with transition zone biopsy could significantly improve the detection rate of prostate cancer.

Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; methods ; Male ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

To establish a LC-MS/MS method for quantification of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid in rats plasma and study its pharmacokinetics after administration of Mailuoning injection at a single dose to rats. Plasma samples were acidified with hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The analytes were determined by LC-MS-MS using a ZOBAX SB C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water (containing 2 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetic) (60:40)at a flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1) and detected using ESI with negative ionization mode. Ions monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were m/z 353.1/191.0 [M-H]- for chlorogenic acid, m/z 178.9/134.9 [M-H]- for caffeic acid, m/z 515.2/353.0 [M-H]-for 3,4-DCQA, m/z 193.0/133.9 [M-H]-for ferulic acid, m/z 146.9/102.9 [M-H]- for cinnamic acid and m/z 246.0/125.8 [M-H]- for tinidazole (IS). After administration of Mailuoning injection at a single dose to eight Sprague-Dawley rats, the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of measured data were caluculated by using DASver 1.0 software. The linear concentration ranges of the calibration curves for chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA and cinnamic acid were 2.006-1,027 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6), 1.953-1,000 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7), 28.51-1.459 x 10(4) microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 9), 1.836-940.0, g x L(-1) (r = 0.997 7) and 4.780-2,447 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 6) respectively. The inner and inter-days relative standard deviations were both less than 5.0%, indicating legitimate precise and accuracy to the requirement of biological sample analysis. For chlorogenic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (49.78 +/- 12.81) min, (123.55 +/- 14.82) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.004 3 +/- 0.000 5) L x min(-1), respectively. For caffeic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (36.65 +/- 10.59) min, (91.67 +/- 11.77) mg x min L(-1) and (0.005 7 +/- 0.000 7) L x min(-1), respectively. For 3,4-DCQA, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (50.08 +/- 13.78) min, (278.34 +/- 31.82) mg x min x L-1 and (0.001 6 +/- 0.000 2) L x min(-1), respectively. For ferulic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (51.39 +/- 15.52) min, (34.72 +/- 4.67) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.000 4 +/- 0.0001) L x min(-1), respectively. For cinnamic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUCo-t, and CL were (74.42 +/- 18.32) min, (34.63 +/- 4.82) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.007 7 +/- 0.001 1) L x min-', respectively. The assay method is proved to be sensitive, accurate and convenient. It can be applied to the pharmacokinetic study of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid.
Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Hydroxybenzoates ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods