ORL1(Opioid receptor-like 1)receptor and its endogenous ligand,nociceptin/orphanin FQ,belong to G protein-coupled receptor super family with multiple functions.ORL1 is not only endowed with anti-opioid properties(it suppresses opioid-mediated analgesia),but also involved in cognitive processes,emotion,cardioprotection and neuroendocrine secretion.The research on ORL1 and N/OFQ will certainly be helpful to develop new therapeutic drugs and to find drug targets of clinical application.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide, causing a significant number of deaths. Traditional diagnostic methods have limitations, while the application of molecular biology techniques has opened new avenues for TB diagnosis and treatment. This article focuses on the introduction and discussion of the application status of four molecular biological methods, including Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technology, Line Probe Assay (LPA) technology, GeneXpert, and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) technology. These novel techniques offer notable advantages over traditional TB diagnostic methods, such as high sensitivity and specificity for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis and detecting drug resistance. Furthermore, these technologies facilitate automated and rapid TB diagnosis and drug resistance testing, providing insights into the species and drug resistance information of M. tuberculosis, thereby supporting personalized treatment. In conclusion, the application of molecular biological methods in TB diagnosis and treatment has shown tremendous potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and personalized therapeutic efficacy, thus holding paramount importance for the control and prevention of TB.

Central Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Synapses ; physiology

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors and prevent meaures of ophthalmic infection after operation. METHODS The factors associated with ophthalmic infection after operation were analyzed. The comprehensive and strict system of washing and sterilization of operative instruments were established. The usage of aseptic implantable articles was strictly managed. The management of operation environment,faculty,patients,and aseptic technique were further strengthened. The samples of the faculty were cultivated routinely and the fulfillment of institution was assured. RESULTS The procedure of peri-operation infection control was bettered. The awareness of infection prevention during ophthalmic operations was improved for the nurse faculty. A safe operation procedure was ascertained. The risk of ophthalmic operation infection was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Scientific and consummate management of ophthalmic operation and its proper fulfillment are key factors to prevent ophthalmic operation infection.

To analyze the reasons for the formation of constipation,the causes,clinical manifestations,surgical indications and surgical treatment were analyzed,focusing on slow transit constipation,outlet obstruction constipation and mixed constipation.Grasping surgery indications is stressed in surgical treatment of constipation.Only appropriate procedure can obtain satisfactory results.

Two ent-kauranoids were isolated from the ethanol extraction of rhizomes of Canna generalis (Cannaceae), and were purified by various technologies, including silica gel and high performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were determined by modern spectroscopy techniques as (5R,8S,9S,10R,13R)-2-oxo-ent-kaur-15-en-17-oic acid (1) and (4R,5S,8S,9S,10S,13R)-19-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-17-oic acid (2). Compound 1 is a new ent-kauranoid, and compound 2 is obtained from rhizomes of Canna generalis for the first time.

Objective To compare the effect and complications of lumboperitoneal shunt (LP) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP) in treatment of posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH).Methods A retrospective study was made on 150 cases of posttraumatic communicating hydrocephalus managed with LP or VP from June 2013 to June 2015.There were 65 cases [36 males, 29 females;(47.2 ±8.2) years of age] in LP group and 85 cases [53 males, 32 females;(44.6 ± 7.3) years of age] in VP group.Therapeutic effect and complications were analyzed postoperatively.Results Period of follow-up was 3-27 months, which shoued Total effective rate of 97％ in LP group and 94％ in VP group (P ＞0.05).Postoperative complications were mainly hematoma, infection, shunt obstruction, shunt exposure, excessive shunt and inadequate shunt.At the follow-up, there were 3 subdural hematoma, 4 intracranial infection, 2 shunt obstruction, 3 excessive shunt and 1 inadequate shunt in VP group, but 1 subdural hematoma, 1 intracranial infection, 1 shunt exposure and l excessive shunt in LP group.Good results were achieved in the two groups after regulation of the shunt pressure or reoperation.In comparison, incidence of complications was 6％ in LP group versus 15％ in VP group (P ＜ 0.05).Rate of shunt removal and reoperation in LP group were both 2％, but were 7％ and 8％ respectively in VP group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Both shunt procedures are effective for posttraumatic hydrocephalus, while LP is a better choice in clinical application for the lower complication incidence, shunt removal rate and reoperation rate.

Objective To assess the effect of fetal islet transplantation for the treatment of Type Ⅰ diabetes. Methods The pancreatic islets from human aborted embryos were cultured and implanted into the greater omentum and omental bursa of 26 patients with type Ⅰ diabetes. The function of transplanted islets was evaluated. Results After transplantation, the exogenous insulin requirement significantly decreased (P

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enteral Nutrition ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; etiology ; Sodium Chloride

Adult ; Aged ; Alprostadil ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemorheology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Function Tests