An embryo of 4.3 mm is described. It comes to the laboratory in 10 per cent for-malin as an intact chorion measuring 22 by 16 mm. The embryo is in the shape of theletter C, and its tail is curved. The limb buds are round in shape. There are 4pharyngeal pouches, the 4th being very small. Between the bases of the 1st and 2ndbranchial arches, in the floor of the pharynx, the tuberculum impar has developed. Theotic vesicles are slightly elongated sacs and no longer connected with the covering ecto-derm. The eyes are represented by the optic vesicles and the thickened ectodermal an-lage of the lens. Trachea is still largely a groove in the ventral wall of the pharynx andesophagus. The heart is still in the so-called S shaped stage; the atrium lies on the leftside of the bulb, and has not yet doubled; the sinus venosus is not completely out ofthe septum transversum; in the atrium, near the sinus venosus, the endothelial tube isclosely attached to the wall. There are 4 pairs of aortic arches: the lst pair breaks intocapillaries imbedded in the mandible. The other three join the dorsal aortae which runcaudal and finally unite to form one median dorsal aorta. The anterior cardinal, pos-terior cardinal, common cardinal and vitelline veins, etc. are all paired and symetricallyarranged. The embryo herein described falls in group Ⅷ of Streeter.

Collagen Type IV ; genetics ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods

Heart Valve Diseases ; therapy ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans

Objective To explore the effects of maternal hypercholanemia on the myocardium changes in rat fetus. Methods Thirty clean SD female rats were equally randomized to three groups after mating successfully.From the 13th to 20th day of gestation,group A and B were injected injected with sodium chloride(NS) as control.Total bile acid(TBA) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) were measured in the maternal and fetal serum on the 21st day when all rats were killed.Fetal cardiac muscle cells were also collected for examination with light microscope and electronic microscope.Results (1)TBA in maternal and fetal serum were(22.32±8.12)μmol/L and(28.84±8.06) μmol/L,respectively in group A,(9.77±3.56)/μmol/L and(9.34±3.54) μmol/L in group B,and (3.60±1.78) μmol/L and(3.95±1.19) μmol/L in group C.Significant differences were found among groups(P<0.01).(2)Fetal death rates were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05),with 30.11%,16.85%,and 7.05%,respectively.(3)Fetal cTnl were also found significant difference among groups(P<0.01),with(19.98±7.75)ng/ml,(11.41±3.64)ng/ml and(4.38±1.19)ng/ml,respectively.(4)The integrated scores of fetal necrosis area were significantly different in three groups(P<0.05),with 1.92±0.43,1.36±0.37 and 0.44±0.12,respectively.(5)Under electronic microscope,the number density of mitochondria in group A was lower than that in group C(P<0.05)while the average volume of mitochondria was larger in group A (P<0.05).The average volume of mitoehondria in group B was larger than that in group C(P<0.05) while no difference was found with regard to the number density between the two groups.The number density and average volume of myofibril in group A were lower than those in group C(P<0.05).The number density of myofibril in group B was higher than that in group C(P<0.05) while no difference was found with the average volume.(6)Positive correlations were found in maternal TBA,fetal TBA,fetal cTnI and the integrate of fetal necrosis area when comparing every two of the above factors. Conclusions Fetal myocardium is impaired obviously in hypercholanemia rats.The serum level of TBA and cTnI in fetal rats are positively correlated with each other.

Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; genetics

Objective:To compare the tissue biocompatibility of domestically manufactured NiTi alloy before and after thermal surface oxidation under 3 different temperatures.Methods:Domestically manufactured NiTi alloy was oxidized in air (group A)and subjected to 30 min heat treatment at 400℃(group B),500℃(group C),and 600℃(group D)to form different protective oxide surface layers in presence of argon(607.95 kPa).Wire samples from A,B,C and I3 groups were subcutaneously implanted in guinea pigs.Guinea pigs received 317L stainless steel transplantation(group E)and sham-operation group(F)were taken as control.The order of inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue hyperplasia around implanted materials were observed 1,2,4,and 8 weeks after implantation.Results:The peak time of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were at the first and fourth week after implantation.The inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were both slight and all met the GB/T 16886.6-1997 in vivo implantation standard.The order of inflammatory cell infiltration and thickness of capsule walls from low to high was F

Objective To explore the correlation between phenotypes in female with X-linked Alport syndrome(XLAS) and X-inactivation of different tissues.Methods Thirty-six female diagnosed as XLAS were studied,and proteinuria was taken as a marker of the severity of clinical phenotypes.X-inactivation patterns were analyzed in peripheral blood cells of 36 XLAS female and in skin fibroblasts of 12 XLAS female.The X-inactivation analysis was performed by using Hpa Ⅱ predigestion of DNA followed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of the highly polymorphic CAG repeat of the androgen receptor gene.Results The average X-inactivation levels of the mutant allele decreased while the degree of proteinuria increased,so there was a negative correlation between the degree of proteinuria and the X-inactivation ratios of the mutant allele in blood cells(r=-0.543,P=0.002).However,there was no correlation between the degree of proteinuria and the X-inactivation ratios of the mutant allele in skin fibroblasts(r=-0.131,P=0.701).Conclusions X-inactivation ratios might explain partially the diverse phenotypes in XLAS female patients,which suggested that the prognosis of XLAS female might be predicted via analysis of the X-inactivation in peripheral blood cells.

Objective To investigate the suppression effect of RNA interference(RNAi) on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell line. Methods SKOV3 cells were transfected with synthetic EGFR sequence-specific dsRNA by lipofectamin 2000.The expression level of EGFR mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The proliferation of transfected SKOV3 cells was detected by WST-1 cell proliferation assay.The abilities of adhesion,migration and invasion were detected by cell adhesion assay,cell migration assay and Matrigel invasion assay,respectively. Results The suppression rates on EGFR mRNA and protein by sequence-specific dsRNA-EGFR were 73.65% and 58.94%,respectively.The cell proliferation was inhibited by 22.54%,35.76% and 31.07%,respectively at 24,48 and 72 h after transfection.The adhesion of sequence-specific dsRNA transfected SKOV3 cells for 30 min and 90 min were reduced by 12.11% and 18.66%,respectively.The migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells were decreased by 25.47% and 22.08%,respectively. Conclusion The down-regulation of EGFR expression of ovarian cancer by sequence-specific dsRNA can lead to the suppression of proliferation,adhesion,migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.

ObjectiveTo identify the differences in clinicopathological features between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). MethodsA total of 665 CHB patients who were admitted to Ningbo No. 2 Hospital during June 2002 and January 2010 were enrolled, in which 428 were HBeAg-positive and 237 were HBeAg-negative. HBV DNA loads, live histological inflammation grades and fibrosis stages were compared between two groups. SPSS 1 1. 5 was used for statistical analysis.For measurement data, t (for normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U (for skew distribution) was performed; for enumeration data, Chi-square test was performed; and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted. ResultsLiver inflammatory grade and fibrosis staging in HBeAg-negative CHB patients were more severe than those in HBeAg-positive patients (x2 = 7.92 and 10.35, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The ratio of serum HBV DNA levels ＜ 3, ≥3- ＜ 5 log10 copies/mL in HBeAg-negative CHB patients were significant higher than those in HBeAg-positive patients (x2 = 105.16 and 36.92 ,P ＜0.01 ) ; and the ratio of HBV DNA ≥7 log10 copies/mL in HBeAg-negative group was lower than that in HBeAg-positive group (x2 = 110. 18, P ＜0. 01 ). With the rising of serum HBV DNA levels, liver inflammatory grade and fibrosis staging in HBeAg-positive patients had a descending tendency (r =-0. 287 and-0. 224, P ＜0.01 ), while those in the HBeAg-negative group were ascending (r = 0. 360 and 0. 303, P ＜ 0. 01 ). ConclusionCompared with HBeAg-positive CHB patients, liver inflammation and tissue damage in HBeAg-negative patients are more severe, which need close monitoring.

Objective: To study the clinical effect of early intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on stomach carcinoma after operation. Methods: A total of 78 patients with stomach carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups. The therapeutic group received an intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy combined with intravenous chemotherapy (n = 41). The control group were given the intravenous chemotherapy only (n = 37). Postoperative complications, adverse reaction, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and 1- and 3-year survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications and adverse reaction between the two groups. The local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate in the therapeutic group were significantly lower than the control group (21.95% vs 40.54%, 17.07% vs 37.83%, P < 0.05). The 1-year and 3-year survival rate in the therapeutic group were higher than the control group (90.24% vs 81.68%, 68.29% vs 48.64%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Early postoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy, effectively decreased the rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis and increased the survival rate. It is safe and easy to operate.