Dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a prevalent form of irreversible blindness worldwide in the elderly population with an increasing incidence in China.It is found that some dry AMD will develop to wet AMD and therefore damage visual function.Pathogenesis of AMD is below understand now,but it is thought to be related to the light-induced ocular damage,oxidative stress response,extracellular disposition and immunology.Up to now,effective and safe prevention and treatment methods of AMD are still studying,especially wet AMD,but the concern on dry AMD is not enough.Some basic and clinical pharmaceutics researches on AMD include antioxidants,anti-extracellular disposition drugs and anti-inflammatory agents.With the rise of aging population,we should pay special attention to the research on pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of dry AMD.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of National Early Warning Scores (NEWS) combined with arterial lactate level in elderly patients with critical illness in emergency department.Methods A total of 413 elderly patients with critical illness randomly (random number) selected from resuscitation room in emergency department from September 2013 to July 2015 were enrolled in this study.NEWS system was employed to determine the patients' condition.Arterial lactate level was detected.The patients were followed for the 30-day death by telephone calls and patients were divided into survival group and death group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the prognostic values of NEWS score,arterial lactate level,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level in patients without survival.Results There were significant differences in NEWS score and arterial lactate level between the death group and the survival group.The results of multiple factor regression showed that NEWS score,arterial lactate level,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level were all independent predictors of 30-day death (P ＜ 0.05,OR ＞ 1).The AUCs of the three evaluation modalities were 0.721,0.746 and 0.762,respectively.There was a significant difference in the area under the ROC curve between NEWS score and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level.The optimal cut-off point of NEWS score was 7,and arterial lactate level was 2.7 mmol/L.Conclusions NEWS score,arterial lactate level,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level were independent predictors of 30-day death in elderly patients with critical illness in emergency department.They all had some predictive value,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level had higher capability to predict 30-day death in elderly patients with critical illness in emergency department than NEWS score alone.

Objective To probe into the mechanisms of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in osteosarcoma and to provide basis for gene therapy. Methods A 1.0 kb cDNA fragment of human BMP-2 gene was inserted reversely into PDOR and Human antisense BMP-2 retrovirus expression vector was constructed. The recombinant retroviral vector was transfected into human osteosarcoma cells OS-9901 with liposome AMINE that expressed abundant BMP. Positive cell clones were selected with G 418. The expression of BMP and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined by immunohistochemical ABC methods. The osteosarcoma cell cycle was analysed by flowcytometry, and the changes were observed by electronmicroscope. Results The expression of cellular BMP and PCNA in the transfected osteosarcoma cells decreased obviously (t=24.01， 26.09, respectively, P

Objective To culture human pituitary adenoma cells to provide some useful experimental foundations to practice pituitary adenoma cells as donor cells in the extracranial implantation. Methods Human pituitary adenoma cells obtained by operation were cultured in vitro, and their growth state was dynamically observed. Immunohistochemical staining and RIA were used to evaluate their functional status. Results The cultured pituitary adenoma cells still had secretory function in vitro. 6 cases of GH adenoma cells secreted a large amount of GH, 5 cases of PRL adenoma cells secreted a large amount of PRL, and 3 cases of pituitary adenoma cells without function could also secrete a small quantity of FSH, LH and PRL. Conclusion 14 cases of cultured human pituitary adenoma cells had secretory function in vitro, which provides the useful experimental data to perform extracranial implantation with pituitary adenoma cells as donor cells.

Vitreo-retinal surgery is one of the effective methods in treating severe vitreoretinopathy.However,there remains great variance in surgical quality,outcomes and success rates among hospitals of different areas in China.This article focuses on how to im- prove in surgical outcomes and success rate as well as to avoid complications of vitreo-retinal surgery.Specific issues are addressed on such as indications and timing of vitreo-retinal surgery,management of pre-operative patients,applications of new appliances and mate- rials,maneuver of surgical techniques and nurturing appropriate habits of surgery.

The relationship between probiotics and host intestinal immune system was reviewed. Then, as a new immunomodulator, the mechanisms and clinical uses of probiotics were discussed.

BACKGROUND: What role tumor-related genes play in the process of tumor generation, development, metastasis and prognosis has always been a thorny issue in medical field?OBJECTIVE: To study the detection of gene mutation in tumor by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and automated DNA se+uence analysis and the change of p53 gene and p53 protein during the development and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma so as to provide basis for evaluating the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.DESIGN: Single sample study using the tissue specimen as subject.SETTING: Department of oncology in an affiliated hospital of a military medical university.PARTICIPANTS: We collected the primary focus and liver metastasis focus specimens from 41 patients with colon cancer who had hepatectomy because of liver metastasis 5 months to 5 years after radical operation for coloncancer. They were inpatients in Nanfang Hospital, First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, from January 1994 to December 2000.METHODS: p53 gene(exons 5- 11) mutation of primary focus and liver metastasis focus specimens from 41 cases of colon cancer was examined by DGGE and automated DNA sequencing. Expression of p53 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.histochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Detection of the mutation of p53 gene by DGGE;②Analysis of p53 gene sequence;③Results of p53 immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: p53 gene mutation was detected in exons 5 - 9 in 24 out of 41patients(62% ) . Among them, 6 patients had p53 mutation in liver metastasis. The others had consistent mutations in both primary coloreetal and hepatic metastatic lesions. In addition, p53 mutation was also found in the metastatic lesion in three patients. Among the 16 cases of mutation in primary colorectal and hepatic metastatic lesions, 14 cases showed that the ratio of p53 base peak to normal peak was significantly higher in hepatic metastatic lesions than in primary colorectal lesions(P ＜ 0. 001) . Results of p53 immunohistochemical staining were highly consistent with those of DGGE and DNA sequence analysis. However, gene analysis detected focus with nonsense mutation while immunohistochemistry detected overexpression of p53 protein.CONCLUSION: p53 mutation, in patients with colorectal carcinoma followed by hepatic metastases, mostly originates from primary colorectal lesion and then is kept and metastasizes into hepatic cells. The amount of mutated p53 gene and the number of tumor cells containing p53 mutation are increased in hepatic metastatic lesion. P53 mutation is positively correlated with overexpression of p53 protein.

Blindness ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Vision, Low ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Insulin like growth factor-ⅡmRNA binding protein3 (IMP3) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods One hundred and fifteen cases of GIST were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for IMP3 (SP method) and ki67 (iVisionTM method ). The relationship between IMP3 expression with clinicopathologic parameters and Ki67 proliferation indexes were analyzed. In situ hybridization detection of IMP3 mRNA was performed in 20 cases of GIST positive. Results The expression rate of IMP3 was 56.2%(65/115) in GIST positive. A significant correlation can be found between IMP3 expression and tumor of infiltration , coagulative necrosis , metastasis , nuclear atypia , diameter , mitotic count , risk grade of NIH (P < 0.05), while there was no significant correlation between IMP3 and gender, age, primary location, categories of cell type (P>0.05). There was positive correlation of IMP3 expression and Ki67 labeling indexes by Spearman analysis. Positive expression with IMP3 can be observed in 3 cases of recurrence.It may play important role in invasive and development and may be an important factor of prognosis in GIST.

[Summary] The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocyte of the patient with thyroid hormone resistance syndrome and 14 members of his family.The exons 1-10 of thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) gene were amplified by PCR.The products of PCR were sequenced directly to detect the gene mutation.The results showed that 3 members of this family were confirmed to have the C→T transition mutation at nucleotide 1 303 site within exon 10 of TRβ gene,and the missense mutation results in the substitution of histidine to tyrosine (H435Y).The heterozygous mutation may lead to the occurrence of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.