Two ent-kauranoids were isolated from the ethanol extraction of rhizomes of Canna generalis (Cannaceae), and were purified by various technologies, including silica gel and high performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were determined by modern spectroscopy techniques as (5R,8S,9S,10R,13R)-2-oxo-ent-kaur-15-en-17-oic acid (1) and (4R,5S,8S,9S,10S,13R)-19-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-17-oic acid (2). Compound 1 is a new ent-kauranoid, and compound 2 is obtained from rhizomes of Canna generalis for the first time.

This study is to compare the influence of CYP2D6 *3 and *4 genotypes and phenotypes on the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 in Chinese Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups. Allele specific amplification (ASA) was used to determine the CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4 genotypes. Phenotypes of CYP2D6 in all subjects were determined using dextromethorphan as probe drug by HPLC methods. Among the 132 Han subjects, one subject (0.76%) exhibited the *1/*3 combination, and one (0.76%) exhibited the *1/*4. Among the 136 Uygur subjects, 4 subjects (2.94%) showed the *1/*3 combination, 12 (8.82%) showed *1/*4, 4 (2.94%) showed *4/*4, and one (0.74%) showed *3/*4. Among the 116 Kazakh subjects, 2 (1.72%) exhibited the *1/*3 combination, 7 (6.03%) exhibited *1/1*4, and one (0.86%) showed *4/*4. This research revealed significant differences in the occurrence frequencies of the CYP2D6 genotype between Han and Uygur ethnic groups, as well as between Uygur and Kazakh populations. However, no difference was found between Han and Kazakh populations. In addition, the prevalence of PMs of the Uygur is comparable to that of the Caucasians. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the poor metabolism is different in these two populations.

OBJECTIVE Using bronchial asthma rats, to observe the effects of Smooth wheezing effect of polysaccharide. In addition, to study the effects of COM in different bronchial asthma model. METHODS Bronchial rats established by ovalbumin (OVA), were randomly divided into different group.Every other week building reference literature intraperitoneal injection of OVA, 21 d after injection of 3 consecutive ultrasonic atomization inhalation of 1% OVA stimulating 30 d,stimulate the 31 d began to medicine.Lavage for 4 weeks ELISA test ratio of IgE,SP-A,IL-4 and IL-5 was serum and bronchoal veolar lavage fluid etc.Data was in x ± s tabular format,SPSS16.0 statistics software is used to perform statistical analysis on the data, and P<0.05 shows meaningful statistical difference. RESULTS Quince polysac-charide can reduce the IgE,IL-4 level and elevated the SP-A,IL-5 level in serum and bronchoal veolar lavage fluid.CONCLUSION Quince polysaccharide has antiasthmatic effect on bronchial asthma rats.

OBJECTIVE 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was conducted to holistically explore the effect and mechanisms of Cydonia oblanga Mill flavonoids(COMF)on high-fat diet induced Atherosclerosis (AS) apoE-/- mice. METHODS AS model was established on the apolipoprotein e knockout mice by high-fat diet. The ApoE-/- mice were split into 6 groups including control group, AS model group,COMF High dose(COMF-H)group,COMF medium dose(COMF-M)group,COMF Low dose (COMF-L) group and Simvastatin group as the positive control group. Serum samples from all groups were analyzed by 1H-NMR technology and the OPLS-DA was conducted to distinguish the metabolic phenotypes. RESULTS Compared to the control group, serum levels of cholesterol, VLDL, leucine, isoleucine, valine, blood lipid, citrulline, methylamine, glucose, glycine, glycerol, myo-inositol, fructose, phenylalanine, unsaturated lipid, urea and other metabolites content significantly increased, while HDL, lactate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, pyruvate, carnitine, citrate, choline content signifi-cantly decreased and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The trend of metabolites in serum samples of COMF low, medium and high group was opposite to that of atherosclerosis model group and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Through functional analysis of these biomakers,amino acid metabolism,lipid metabolism,cholesterol metabolism,energy metabolism and inflammation reaction were considered as the most relevant pathological biomakers in the serum of AS mice.This study also demonstrates that COMF had the therapeutic effectiveness on AS through partly reversing the lipid,cholesterol,amino acid,energy metabolism and Inflammation reaction.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of serum metabolites by using 1H-NMR-based metabonomic approach to explore the possible mechanisms of total flavonoids in Ocimum Basilicum Linn (OBL) on atherosclerosis in apolipomtein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS Six-week-old male apoE knockout mice were divided into four groups(n=10)and fed with high fet diet:model,Simv-astatin, OBL-H, OBL-M and OBL-L groups. The homogeneous male mice of C57BL/6J were used as the normol group and fed with normal chow diet. After 14 weeks,1H-NMR technology was used to ex-plore the variability of serum metabolites by the method of PLS-DA and OPLS-DA. RESULTS Com-pared with normal group,Model group showed a significant increase in the serum levels of VLDL,LDL, β-hydroxyisobutyrate,lactate,myo-inositol and showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of al-anine, glutamine, proline, carnitine, methylamine, citrate, creatine, choline, taurine, pyruvate, β-glu-cose, α-glucose, glycine, lysine. Combined with model group OBL-H, OBL-M, OBL-L groups showed the effects of regulating the levels of different metabolites of the glucose,lipid and amino acid metabo-lism.CONCLUSION The anti-atheros-clerotic activity of total flavonoids in Ocimum Basilicum Linn may be related not only to regulation of lipid metabolism,but also glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism.

The contribution of particles to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has been enlightened by epidemiologic and experimental studies. However, adverse biological effects of the particles with different sizes on cardiovascular cells have not been well recognized. In this study, sub-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to increasing concentrations of pure quartz particles (DQ) of three sizes (DQPM1, <1 μm; DQPM3-5, 3-5 μm; DQPM5, 5 μm) and carbon black particles of two sizes (CB0.1, <0.1 μm; CB1, <1 μm) for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was estimated by measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell viability. Nitric oxide (NO) generation and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) releases were analyzed by using NO assay and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. It was found that both particles induced adverse biological effects on HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The size of particle directly influenced the biological activity. For quartz, the smaller particles induced stronger cytotoxicity and higher levels of cytokine responses than those particles of big size. For carbon black particles, CB0.1 was more capable of inducing adverse responses on HUVECs than CB1 only at lower particle concentrations, in contrast to those at higher concentrations. Meanwhile, our data also revealed that quartz particles performed stronger cell damage and produced higher levels of TNF-α than carbon black particles, even if particles size was similar. In conclusion, particle size as well as particle composition should be both considered in assessing vascular endothelial cells injury and inflammation responses induced by particles.

Objective To observe the effect of cognition training on the motor and executive functioning of patients after a basal ganglia stroke.Methods Thirty patients with basal ganglia stroke were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.The control group received standard stroke rehabilitation training,while the treatment group received in addition 2 months of cognitive function training.The executive and motor functions of all of the subjects and their facility in the activities of daily living (ADL) were tested using the Tower of Hanoi,the Wisconsin card sorting test,a Stroop-3 test and the Fugl-Meyer assessment,the Berg balance scale and the modified Barthel index before and at the end of treatment.Results After two months of training,both within-group and between group comparisons showed that the treatment group had improved significantly more in executive function,cognition and motor function.Conclusion Cognition training can improve executive function,motor function and ADL performance after a basal ganglia stroke.

Objective To determine the ED50 of dexmedetomidine for suppressing cardiovascular responses to placement of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery with induction of propofol. Methods ASA I or II Patients aged 18 to 55 undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were enrolled. After an bolus dose of dexmedetomidine over 10 min , anaesthesia was induced with target-controled propofol, and then bolus of vecuronium of 0.1 mg/kg was injected when the BIS was between 45 and 55. LM palcement was performed 3 minutes after vecuronium injection. The modified Dixon ’ s up-and-down method was used to determine the bolus dose of dexmedetomidine , starting from 1.0 μg/kg (step size:0.1 μg/kg). Cardiovascular response was defined as an increase in SBP and/or HR by 15% of baseline within 2 min after placement of LMA. The test ended after at least 7 crossovers ( successive ‘response’ or ‘non-response’) were obtained. Probit analysis was used to calculate ED50, ED95 and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The ED50 and ED95 (95% confidence interval) of dexmedetomidine for suppressing cardiovascular responses to placement of LMA was 0.65 μg/kg (0.44-0.80) μg/kg and 0.94 μg/kg (0.79-2.47) μg/kg. Conclusion Under induction of target-controled propofol , the ED50 of dexmedetomidine is 0.65 μg/kg for suppressing cardiovascular responses to placement of LMA in female patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether polymorphisms in the iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) gene region contribute to endurance exercise capacity and to validate whether TSHR gene can be used as genetic marks associated with aerobic endurance performance. METHODS: Three SNPs (C785T in DIO1 gene regions, Thr92Ala and Gly3Asp in DIO2 gene regions) were selected. The genotypes of the 123 elite long running athletes(EEA) and 127 college students from northern China(CG) were analyzed using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry method(MALDI-TOF). The athletes were divided into different groups according to the sports level and the items, which are international masters and masters (43 vs 80), 5/10 km and marathon (92 vs 31). RESULTS: There was no significant difference of the C785T loci in DIO1 gene and the Thr92Ala loci in DIO2 gene between the EEA and the CG(P＞0.05), while at Gly3Asp loci, the frequency distributions of the 3 genotypes were remarkably different in the groups of control and international masters of sports, as well as in the groups of control and marathon athletes(P＜0.05). The genotype TT only existed in EEA not in CG, however, the frequency distribution was very low. The Thr92Ala and Gly3Asp loci of DIO2 gene were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The frequency distributions of the haplotype CT were significantly different in the male CG and the female CG, the male CG and the male EEA(P＜0.05), the male CG and the male masters of sports, as well as in the male CG and the male marathon athletes(P＜0.05). The frequency distributions of the haplotype TC were remarkably higher in the groups of female international masters of sports and female 5 000 m/10 000 m than those in the female CG(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The frequency distributions of the haplotype CT were different in male and female CG, and haplotype CT could be used as a genetic mark associated with aerobic endurance performance of the male EEA, especially for the long running athletes of masters of sports and marathon, while the haplotype CT was associated with the aerobic endurance performance of the female long running athletes of international masters of sports and 5 000 m/10 000 m.
Athletes ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Iodide Peroxidase ; genetics ; Male ; Physical Endurance ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Running