OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Yiqi Huoxue Tongyang Xiezhuo Recipe (YHTXR, capable of supplementing qi, activating blood, warming yang, and discharge turbidity) in treating coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD). and chronic heart failure (CHF) with carotid plaque patients, and to explore new ways of Chinese medicine (CM).

METHODSTotally 69 CAHD-CHF patients of qi deficiency phlegm stasis syndrome (QDPSS) with carotid plaque were recruited in this study using parallel cohort method. They were assigned to the treatment group (35 cases) and the control group (34 cases). Patients in the control group received routine treatment of Western medicine, while those in the treatment group were additionally treated with YHTXR (twice daily). The therapeutic course for all was three months. Cardiac function levels, echocardiography, carotid plaque, blood lipids and safety indicators were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment the improvement of cardiac function levels was better in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Decreased LDL-C levels were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), LDL-C, TC, TG in the treatment group between before and after treatment (P < 0.05). LDL-C and TG also decreased in the control group after treatment (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction, carotid IMT, or TC in the control group between before and after treatment (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in stroke volume, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, the area of carotid artery plaque, or HDL-C in the two groups between before and after treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSYHTXR could effectively improve cardiac functions of CAHD-CHF patients of QDPSS with carotid plaque, reduce blood lipids and IMT. It had no significant adverse reactions for elderly patients in short term.

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Coronary Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lipids ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; drug therapy ; Qi ; Ventricular Function, Left

The intracellular trafficking and subcellular distribution of exogenous gene is very important for gene delivery. A successful gene vehicle should overcome various barriers including endosomal membrane barriers to delivery gene to the target organelle. Traditional nonviral vehicle is unable to avoid endosomal pathway efficiently, so the efficiency of gene delivery is low and the application of gene drugs is limited. In order to achieve efficient nonviral gene delivery, a lot of researches based on endosomal escape have been carried out and some agents with the function of endsomal escape have been found. These agents facilitate the endsomal escape via various mechanisms, such as fusion into the lipid bilayer of endosomes, pore formation in the endosomal membrane, proton sponge effect and photochemical methods to rupture the endosomal membrane. In this review, various reported strategies for endsomal escape are described according to the escape mechanisms, and their applications in intracellular gene delivery are also discussed.
Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Endosomes ; metabolism ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans

AIM: To observe the adolescents with different degrees of myopia who wore orthokeratology lens for 1a were visited and discuss the influence and safety of orthokeratology for curing the adolescent myopia.

METHODS: Totally 158 cases of adolescent myopia(-1.00D to -8.00D)who all wore the same brand orthokeratology lens were selected from September 2016 to December 2017. Their visual quality, including aberration detection, subjective discomfort and visual quality questionnaire was observed for 1a.

RESULTS: After wearing orthokeratology, the patients' total RMS decreased, while the RMSh, the RMS3(including coma)and the RMS4(including spherical aberration)increased. The higher of baseline degree, the higher incidence of subjective visual discomfort, and the difference between pre-wearing and after was not statistically significant in subjective visual quality score(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The patients' objective visual quality decreased after wearing orthokeratology lens. However, the long-term observation revealed that the overall visual quality had no significant impact on lifelihood and learning, which indicates orthokeratology is a safe and effective mean of myopia curing.

A test was conducted to examine the effect of several electron donors such as glucose, sodium acetate, Fe0, Fe0+glucose and Fe0+sodium acetate on reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) through inoculating the unacclimated anaerobic mixed bacteria. The optimum condition and sus-tainability of Fe0 as electron donor was also been discussed. The results showed that, Fe0+glucose enhanced the dechlorination of contaminant effectively compared to glucose. Sodium acetate, Fe0 and Fe0+sodium acetate were all effective electron donors and Fe0 was the optimum, the optimum initial pH was 8.0 and quantity of added Fe0 was 2.0 g/L. 4-CP was the mainly intermediate product for 2,4-DCP dechlorination. Fe0 could support the electron for reductive dechlorination of 2,4-DCP continuously. In contrast, when so-dium acetate as electron donor, the effect of dechlorination was inferior to Fe0 with the consumption of sodium acetate.

AIM: To observe the epidemiological characteristics of myopia among primary school students in Xindu District of Chengdu before and after COVID-19 home isolation period(from Jan.-May 2020).

METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A total of 10 153 primary school students from grade 1-6(age 6-13, three classes per grade)were selected from four primary schools in Xindu District of Chengdu for three consecutive years(2018-2020), by using a random stratified cluster sampling method. All students' visual acuity and spherical equivalent refraction(SE)were measured, a further cycloplegia optometry was conducted for those whose visual acuity was less than 5.0. The SE was recorded and the prevalence of myopia was calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of prevalence of myopia between different years. One-way Anova was used to compare the difference of SE among different years.

RESULTS: There was statistical difference in prevalence of myopia between the three years(2018: 35.98%, 2019: 36.29%, 2020: 42.52%; χ²=39.374, P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia among 6-9 years old students increased significantly in 2020(P<0.01). They were 2.20 times(6 years old), 2.08 times(7 years old), 1.36 times(8 years old)and 1.24 times(9 years old)of the previous year. Students aged 6-9 years showed an obvious myopic shift in SE in 2020(P<0.05). The increases were -0.34±0.76D(6 years old), -0.28±0.84D(7 years old), -0.29±1.41D(8 years old)and -0.18±1.35D(9 years old)than the previous year. The prevalence of myopia and SE remained stable among 10-13 years old students in 2018-2020(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: After the COVID-19 home isolation period, there was a significant myopic shift among students aged 6-9 years old. We should pay more attention to the window period for myopia prevention and control of 6-9 years old.

AIM: To observe the changes of relative peripheral refraction(RPR)after wearing orthokeratology(OK)lens, and to explore the relationship between the changes of RPR and the axial length(AL).

METHODS: Totally 104 cases of adolescent myopia(-1.00D to -6.00D)were selected from May 2016 to Nov. 2018. Then they were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group wore OK lens, and the control group wore frame glasses. Their AL, RPR(N30°-T30°)were observed for 1a.

RESULTS:The RPR of the experimental group showed myopic drift at each time point after wearing OK lens(P<0.05), and the change was most obvious in 1mo(P<0.05). After 1mo, the RPR basically tended to be stable(P>0.05). The RPR of the control group showed an increase in hyperopia. One year later, there were statistical differences in the changes of AL and RPR between the two groups(P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the changes of AL and RPR in the experimental group(P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: After wearing OK lens, the AL growth slowed down, while the RPR showed myopic drift and it was most obvious in 1mo. There was a correlation between the changes of AL and RPR.

AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine eye drops combined with orthokeratology in the treatment of low and moderate myopia in adolescents.

METHODS: Totally 126 cases of low and moderate myopia in adolescents(all right eye data, 126 eyes)who all wore orthokeratology lens for 1mo were selected from May 2016 to Aug 2018. Then they were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group(63 eyes)was combined with low-dose(0.01%)atropine eye drops once a night, and the control group(63 eyes)was combined with polyethyleneglycol eye drops once a night. Their AL,SE, BCNVA,PD,AMP,BUT and IOP were observed.

RESULTS: After 1y of treatment, the AL in the low myopia experimental group increased(0.13±0.03mm), while the low myopia control group increased(0.22±0.05mm). The AL in the moderate myopia experimental group increased(0.12±0.03mm),while the moderate myopia control group increased(0.20±0.05mm). The SE in the low myopia experimental group increased(0.16±0.07D), while the low myopia control group increased(0.21±0.08D). The SE in the moderate myopia experimental group increased(0.16±0.05D), while the moderate myopia control group increased(0.20±0.09D). There was statistical difference in AL and SE between the two groups(P<0.05). After 1a of treatment, there was no statistical difference in BCNVA(LogMAR), BUT and IOP between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05). But the pupil diameter of the experimental group was significantly larger than that of the control group. The accommodation amplitude of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: 0.01% atropine eye drops combined with orthokeratology can control the progression of myopia in adolescents more effectively, which is safe and effective.

Objective To study the psychological and psychosomatic status of children with pectus exca vatum and the significance of orthotherapy. Method Eighty-seven patients and 87 healthy children were interviewed with the Achenba ch Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL),the symptom Checklist (SCL-90)and the psycho logical and psychosomatic status checklist contrived. Results The children with pectus excavatum showed higher frequency in interpersonal sens itivity, depression,anxiety,obsession compulsion and also more mental difficul ties than those of control group.The differences between the patients and health y children were significant statistically.Conclusions The psychological and psychosomatic status of children with pectus excavatum are worse than those of healthy children,so it is reasonable to perform an operati on earlier for improvement of physiological, psychological ,social aspects in ch ildren with pectus excavatum. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):178-179

Objective In order to avoid potential injuries imposed to human body,it could be feasible to use the musculoskeletal models which can be reconstructed from the cadaver color cryosection(CCC)images,computerized tomography(CT)images,magnetic resonance(MR)images or other images to analyze the dynamic properties of muscles in vivo during human movement.Mothod We reconstruct the lower limb musculoskeletal model and define the uniform ioint coordinate system(JCS)on the model and the subject.The coordinate transformation of the muscle attachment points both on the model and the subject is described in detail.Results The length and the moment arm of the biceps femoris(short head)during knee flexion are calculated and analyzed.Conclusion This method plays an important role in improving the kinematics and dynamic simulation and the muscle force estimation.

Objective In order to avoid potential injuries imposed to human body,it could be feasible to use the musculoskeletal models which can be reconstructed from the cadaver color cryosection(CCC)images,computerized tomography(CT)images,magnetic resonance(MR)images or other images to analyze the dynamic properties of muscles in vivo during human movement.Mothod We reconstruct the lower limb musculoskeletal model and define the uniform ioint coordinate system(JCS)on the model and the subject.The coordinate transformation of the muscle attachment points both on the model and the subject is described in detail.Results The length and the moment arm of the biceps femoris(short head)during knee flexion are calculated and analyzed.Conclusion This method plays an important role in improving the kinematics and dynamic simulation and the muscle force estimation.