Objective To evaluate the role of spinal IKK2/NF-κB pathway in the maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats.Methods Twenty-eight unmated adult female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 160-200 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =7 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),BCP group (group BP),BCP + normal saline group (group BN),and BCP + BMS345541 group (group BB).BCP was induced by injecting Walker 256 mammary gland cancer cell suspension 5 μl (4 × 105 cells/ml) into the bone marrow of the right tibia of rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate in BP,BN and BB groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in group S.On 10-12 days after operation,selective IKK2 inhibitor BMS345541 (50 μg/10 μl) was intrathecally injected once a day in group BB,and the equal volume of normal saline (10μl) was given once a day in group BN.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured before intra-tibia injection (T0),on 7 days after intra-tibia injection (T1),at 1 h before drug administration and 1,2,4,12 and 24 h after drug administration on day 10 after operation,and at 4 h after drug administration on day 12 after operation (T2-8).The rats were sacrificed after MWT was measured at Ts and L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB) expression (using Western blot analysis).Results Compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased at T1-2,and the expression of p-NF-κB was up-regulated in BP,BN,and BB groups.Compared with group BP,MWT was significantly increased at T4-6,and the expression of p-NF-κB in the spinal cord was down-regulated in group BB.Conclusion Spinal IKK2/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the maintenance of bone cancer pain in rats.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations plus exercise therapy in treating chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods: A total of 65 CNLBP patients were divided into two groups by the random number table method. Thirty-three cases in the treatment group were intervened by sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations plus exercise therapy; 32 cases in the control group were intervened by medium-frequency electrotherapy plus exercise therapy. Before and after treatment, visual analog scale (VAS), dynamic and static muscle endurance of low back, median frequency (MF) of surface electromyography (sEMG) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate the low back function. The therapeutic efficacy was estimated after treatment. Results: The two groups each had 2 dropouts during the study. The total effective rate was 90.3％ in the treatment group versus 66.7％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS score, dynamic and static muscle endurance of low back, MF of sEMG and ODI score all changed significantly in both groups (all P<0.05); all the items in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations plus exercise therapy can effectively release pain in CNLBP patients, increase muscle endurance of the low back and improve the quality of life, and its therapeutic efficacy is more significant than that of medium-frequency electrotherapy plus exercise therapy.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Complement System Proteins ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; analysis ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; immunology

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually takes many years from preclinical phase to prodromal phase characterized by mild symptoms before the onset of dementia. Once diagnosed with AD, the brain is already severely damaged and the disease will process quickly to the most severe stages since there is no medications that reverse the neuronal injuries in the brain. Thus, simple, inexpensive, and widely available methods for detecting potential AD patients during their preclinical phases are urgently needed. In such case, olfactory testing may offer a chance for early diagnosis of AD. However, there are limitations in these olfactory tests due to the complexity of the brain areas it extends to and the frequently olfactory fatigue occurred in the behavioral olfactory tests. Great efforts have been done epidemiologically to investigate the correlation between olfactory functions and possibility of developing AD. Different patterns of olfactory dysfunction have been found in AD at early stages and even mild cognitive impairment (MIC), but the cause of the dysfunction remained unclear. Various kinds of AD animal models have been used in the field to clarify the existence of olfactory dysfunctions and thus study the underling mechanism of the dysfunction. In this review we discuss (1) the function of Tau physiologically and pathologically; (2) the genetic background and biological characteristics of the most commonly used Tau transgenic mice; (3) the structural and molecule basis of olfaction; (4) the possible relationship between Tau pathology and olfactory dysfunction. Finally, we suggest that the tau transgenic mouse models may be helpful in studying the possible mechanisms of the dysfunction.
Alzheimer Disease ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Olfaction Disorders ; physiopathology ; tau Proteins

Objective To evaluate the role of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in spinal dorsal horn in the development of morphine tolerance in rats with bone cancer pain (BCP).Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were equally randomized into 5 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),BCP group (group B),BCP + AMD3100 (specific CXCR4 antagonist) group (group BA),BCP + morphine group (group BM),BCP + morphine + AMD3100 group (group BMA).BCP was induced by injecting Walker 256 mammary gland cancer cell suspension (4 × 105 cells/ml) 5 μl into the bone marrow of the right tibia of rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.On 6 days after injection of mammary gland cancer cells,AMD3100 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a day for 9 days in BA group,and morphine 10 mg/kg was subcutaneously injected twice a day for 9 days in BM group.AMD3100 was intraperitoneally injected and morphine was subcutaneously injected as previously described at the corresponding time point in BMA group.Before injection of mammary gland cancer cells (T0) and on 4,6,8,10,12 and 14 days after injection of mammary gland cancer cells (T1-6),paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey hair mechanical stimulation (PWMT) was measured.The rats were then sacrificed and L3-5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of c-fos expression in spinal dorsal horn using immunofluorescence.Results Compared with S group,PMWT was significantly decreased at T2-6 in B and BA groups and at T4-6 in BM group,and c-fos expression was up-regulated at T6 in BM group (P ＜0.01).PMWT was significantly higher at T3-5 in BM group and at T3-6 in BMA group than in group B (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with BM group,PMWT was significantly increased at T5,6 and c-fos expression was down-regulated at T6 in BMA group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Chemokine receptor CXCR4 in spinal dorsal horn is involved in the development of morphine tolerance in rats with BCP and the mechanism may be related to activation of c-fos.

Objective To describe the general condition of workplace violence against emergency department nurses in five hospitals of Guangzhou;to investigate the status of the post-traumatic stress disorder in the emergency department nurses after suffering from workplace violence;to analyze the relative factors of post-traumatic stress disorder.Methods 143 emergency department nurses from 5 hospitals in Guangzhou were investigated by general information questionnaire,workplace violence questionnaire,PCLC and SSRS.The investigation data were analyzed.Results 86.7％ of emergency department nurses suffered from workplace violence during the past 1 year;the most popular style was non-physical violence.The emergency department nurses suffered from negative emotional experience,such as grievance,chagrin,low work passion,not focused spirit.The scores of PCL-C of emergency department nurses who had suffered from workplace violence were obviously higher than those who hadn't.21.8％ of the emergency department nurses who suffered from workplace violence in the past one year had certain degree of the signs of PTSD,12.1％ had obvious signs of PTSD.The influencing factors of PTSD:degree of hurt,objective support and availability of social support.Conclusions The situation of workplace violence which the emergency department nurses were faced with was more and more grave.The emergency department nurses who had suffered from workplace violence were in different degree of PTSD.The more social supports the nurses get,the better mental health status they will possess.

BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment for pigmented vil onodular synovitis can maximize the excision of synovial lesions and recovery of joint function.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the knee joint function and relapse rate fol owing treatment of pigmented vil onodular synovitis with total knee replacement and arthroscopic synovectomy.
METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 34 cases of knee pigmented vil onodular synovitis admitted for surgical treatment in the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China from December 2006 to December 2011. In these cases, 24 patients received arthroscopic synovectomy and 10 patients were subjected to total knee replacement. Adjuvant radiotherapy was conducted according to postoperative patient’s conditions. Lysholm scoring was employed in the arthroscopic synovectomy group, and American Knee Society scoring was used in the total knee replacement group. Knee function in two groups was compared before and after treatment. Fol ow-up observation was performed to compare knee function recovery and relapse rate between two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Thirty-four patients were effectively fol owed up for 12-66 months, mean 41.3 months. Statistical analysis showed that in the arthroscopic synovectomy group, the postoperative Lysholm score was (86.3± 10.3) points, significantly higher than the preoperative score which was (55.5±13.2) points (t=3.81, P=0.016, P<0.05). In the total knee arthroplasty group, the American Knee Society score was increased from (40.7±2.2) points preoperatively to (90.2±1.1) points postoperatively (t=6.27, P<0.01). In the arthroscopic synovectomy group, the American Knee Society score was increased from (34.2±3.9) points preoperatively to (80.8±1.9) points postoperatively (t=16.58, P<0.01). Arthroscopic synovectomy combined with adjuvant radiotherapy can achieve better outcomes in pigmented vil onodular synovitis patients, while the total knee replacement for advanced with advanced knee diffuse pigmented vil onodular synovitis is better to restore knee function and the recurrence rate is low.

Objective To investigate the effects of diclofenac sodium suppositories on emergence agitation after sevoflurane maintenance in children undergoing adenotonsilleetomy. Methods Forty-five patients selected for adenotonsillectomy were randomly divided into three groups (n=15). Patients in group 1 were given diclofenac sodium suppositories 12.5 mg right after intubation, those in group 2 were given diclofenac sodium suppositories 12.5 mg immediately after operation, while those in control group were not treated with diclofenac sodium suppositories before or after operation. The extubation time and time spent in post-anesthctic ICU (PACU) were recorded, the modified Aldrete score and pain score were assessed after entrance into PACU, and pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale was administered 10, 20 and 30 rain after entrance into PACU. Results There was no significant difference in extubation time and time spent in PACU among three groups(P>0.05). Ten minutes after entrance into PACU, the PAED score of group 1 was significantly lower than those of group 2 and control group(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the latter two groups(P>0.05). Twenty and thirty minutes after entrance into PACU, the PAED scores of group 1 and group 2 were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the modified Aldrete score right after entrance into PACU among three groups. The pain scores of group 1 and group 2 were signifiantly lower than that of control group(P< 0.05). Conclusion Diclofenac sodium suppositories can decrease the incidence and severity of emergence agitation after sevoflurane maintenance in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Objective To evaluate the role of chemokine CXCL12 in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats and the relationship with microglial activation.Methods Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were equally randomized into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),BCP group (group B),BCP + CXCL12 neutralizing antibody group (group BC),and BCP + IgG control antibody group (group BI).BCP was induced by injecting Walker 256 mammary gland cancer cell suspension (4 × 105 cells/ml) 5 μl into the bone marrow of the right tibia of rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate in B,BC and BI groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected instead in group S.On 12,13 and 14 days after injection of mammary gland cancer cells,CXCL12 neutralizing antibody 10 μg/15 μl was intrathecally injected once a day in group BC,while IgG control antibody 10 μg/15 μl was intrathecally injected once a day in group BI.Before injection of mammary gland cancer cells (T0) and on 3,5,7,10,12 and 14 days after injection of mammary gland cancer cells (T16),paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (PWMT) was measured.The rats were then sacrificed and L4,5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of Iba-1 (pan-microglial marker) expression in spinal dorsal horn using immunofluorescence after PWMT measurement at T6.Results Compared with S group,PMWT was significantly decreased at T2-6,and Iba-1 expression was up-regulated at T6 in B,BC and BI groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with B group,PMWT was significantly increased at T5,6 and Iba-1 expression was down-regulated at T6 in BC group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Chemokine CXCL12 in the spinal cord is involved in the development of BCP,and microglial activation is involved in the mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether polymorphisms in the iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) gene region contribute to endurance exercise capacity and to validate whether TSHR gene can be used as genetic marks associated with aerobic endurance performance. METHODS: Three SNPs (C785T in DIO1 gene regions, Thr92Ala and Gly3Asp in DIO2 gene regions) were selected. The genotypes of the 123 elite long running athletes(EEA) and 127 college students from northern China(CG) were analyzed using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry method(MALDI-TOF). The athletes were divided into different groups according to the sports level and the items, which are international masters and masters (43 vs 80), 5/10 km and marathon (92 vs 31). RESULTS: There was no significant difference of the C785T loci in DIO1 gene and the Thr92Ala loci in DIO2 gene between the EEA and the CG(P＞0.05), while at Gly3Asp loci, the frequency distributions of the 3 genotypes were remarkably different in the groups of control and international masters of sports, as well as in the groups of control and marathon athletes(P＜0.05). The genotype TT only existed in EEA not in CG, however, the frequency distribution was very low. The Thr92Ala and Gly3Asp loci of DIO2 gene were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The frequency distributions of the haplotype CT were significantly different in the male CG and the female CG, the male CG and the male EEA(P＜0.05), the male CG and the male masters of sports, as well as in the male CG and the male marathon athletes(P＜0.05). The frequency distributions of the haplotype TC were remarkably higher in the groups of female international masters of sports and female 5 000 m/10 000 m than those in the female CG(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The frequency distributions of the haplotype CT were different in male and female CG, and haplotype CT could be used as a genetic mark associated with aerobic endurance performance of the male EEA, especially for the long running athletes of masters of sports and marathon, while the haplotype CT was associated with the aerobic endurance performance of the female long running athletes of international masters of sports and 5 000 m/10 000 m.
Athletes ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Iodide Peroxidase ; genetics ; Male ; Physical Endurance ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Running