The characteristics and rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed. By searching CNKI, VIP, WF, literature regarding acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia from 1980 to 2013 was collected to establish an acupuncture prescription database. The data mining technology was applied to analyze the characteristics and rules of the acupoint selection. As a result, a total of 180 papers were included, involving 148 acupoints. It was found that the acupoints that had high frequency of selection included Hegu (LI 4), Xiaguan (ST 7), Fengchi (GB 20) and trigger points. The acupoints selected were distributed in 14 meridians, in which yangming meridian of hand-foot had a frequency of 41. 58%. The special acupoints including crossing points, yuan-primary points and five-shu points were widely used, accounting for 65. 9%. As for the branch of trigeminal nerve, the top-3 selected acupoints were Yangbai (GB 14), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Cuanzhu (BL 2) in the first branch, Sibai (ST 2), Quanlian (SI 18), Yingxiang (LI 20) in the second branch, Jiache (ST 6), Xiaguan (ST 7), Dicang (ST 4) in the third branch. In conclusion, it is believed that the clinical treatment of trigeminal neural gia focuses on local acupoints in combination with nerve distribution-based acupoints and distal acupoints, also the special acupoints are emphasized.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Data Mining ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effect of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) at 7.0T for tracing nerve tracts in rat brain in vivo. Methods With brain stereotactic apparatus, 0.4 μl Mncl_2 with aqueous solution of 1 mol/L was injected into the right somatosensory cortex of 9 SD rats. MR scan was performed for tracing corticospinal tracts and other coherent nerve tracts pre-, and 24, 48, 72 h, 7 days post-injection with 7.0T micro-MRI system, respectively. Results Corticospinal tracts were showed in intact after Mn~(2+) administration from somatosensory cortex, thalamus, cerebral peduncle to pons at the time point of 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days, while the best tdisplaying was achieved at 24-48 h after Mn~(2+) administration. Simultaneously a small quantity of Mn~(2+) reached the opposite somatosensory cortex through the corpus callosum. Conclusion MEMRI for tracing rat nerve tracts can be showed clearly with 7.0T MRI. The location of manganese-enhanced corticospinal tracts in agreement with the rat brain atlas in stereotaxic is in agreement with that Paxinos' published. MEMRI can display the relationship between the two sides of hemisphere, and may play an important role in investigating the brain function and nerve plasticity after nerve injury in vivo.

Objective To explore the methods of preparing whole blood control of seven trace elements (magnesium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc,lead,calcium) in laboratory and evaluate its performance.Methods Heparin sodium anticoagulant calf whole blood was used as substrateMetal salt or standard solution with target concentration of each element was added.And whole blood control product was made after process of anticorrosion,mixing and sub-packaging.Antibacterial effect was observed,uniformity and stabilitywasevaluatedaccording to CNAS-GL03 and matrix effects was evaluatedaccording to CLSI EP14.SDI (standard deviation index) and detection coefficient of variation (CV)were calculated to evaluateapplication effectiveness.Results Laboratory preparation of whole blood control reached target concentration,sterility tests was qualified,results of uniformity and stability indicated that the substrate was even and stable at least for one year.Besides,matrix effects of other six elements can be ignored except lead.Historical and inter-laboratory comparisons had shown that laboratory preparation of whole blood control has no obvious difference with commercial ones in performance.Conclusion The formulation and evaluation scheme of whole blood control of seven trace elements (magnesium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc,lead,calcium) was feasible and can be used as commercial ones for elementary tests in medical laboratory.

Objective To investigate the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and ultrastructural changes in cultured endothelial cells from human cerebral microvessels under hypoxic conditions.Methods Human cerebral microvessels were isolated from freshly obtained specimens of normal brain adherent to resected cerebral arteriovenous malformations.The expression of factor Ⅷ-relative antigen(FⅧ-RA) in cultured cells was observed with immunocytochemistry.The level of VEGFmRNA in cells and released VEGF protein in cell supernatant were determined by RT-PCR analysis and ELISA respectively when they were exposed to hypoxic conditions(95% N_2,5% CO_2;two hours,four hours,eight hours) or maintained in basal condition.Ultrastructural changes in cells were also observed by electron microscopy.Results In inverted microscope the cultured cells showed contact inhibition and a rounded cobblestone appearance.More than 90% of them were stained strongly with antibodies against FⅧ-RA.Significant VEGF mRNA and protein accumulated when these cells were exposed to hypoxia for 4 hours.However,their VEGF expression was down-regulated after hypoxia for 8 hours and a number of vesicles and swollen mitochondria were present in the cytoplasm.Conclusion The level of VEGF expression may havesignificant relationship with ultrastructural changes in human cerebral endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of the Behavior Therapy on outpatient with schizophrenics in relieving symptoms, insight, and attitude to treatment. Methods96 outpatients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to the Behavior Therapy group and the control group. The Behavior Therapy courses were given to the Behavior Therapy group for six months. All the subjects were evaluated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and Insight and Therapeutic Attitude questionaire(ITAQ). Results94 cases completed the trial. The scores of PANSS, the Negative Subscale, the General Psychopathology Subscale of the Behavior Therapy group decreased significantly after treatment(P<0.01). The score of ITAQ of the Behavior Therapy group increased significantly after treatment(P<0.01).The reductions of PANSS, the Positive Subscale, the Negative Subscale, the General Psychopathology Subscale and ITAQ between two groups were significant different(P<0.05-P<0.01). Conclusions The Behavior Therapy may play an important role in augmenting optimal pharmacotherapy for outpatients with schizophrenia and it is effective in improving symptoms, insight and therapeutic attitude.

Dietary restriction (DR) can delay senescence,prolong lifespan of mammals and improve their learning-memory activity.The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of DR on hypolipidemic action and liver function of mice with hyperlipidemia.To investigate these effects,hyperlipidemia mouse models were established with high-fat diet (HFD) (34％ of energy),then randomly divided into HFD group,DR30％ group and DR50％ group.Mice in DR30％ and DR50％ group were respectively supplied with HFD as much as about 70％ and 50％ of the consumption of HFD in the mice of HFD group.Rats in control group were fed routinely.After DR for 5 weeks,the average body weight,liver weight,liver index,serum lipids and glucose levels in both DR groups decreased significantly as compared with the HFD group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),so did alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C in the DR50％ group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Histopathology examination of liver tissues further proved ameliorative effect of DR on liver function.Western blotting showed that DR significantly increased the expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) in liver and adipose,while notably decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors-gamma (PPARγ) in adipose (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The increase of SIRT1 and decrease of PPARγ may be a mechanism by which DR reduces blood lipids and ameliorates liver function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of whole-period psychiatric rehabilitation on outpatients with schizophrenia.Methods90 outpatients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into the study group and control group with 45 cases in each group. All cases in two groups received pharmacotherapy, but cases of study group were added with whole-period psychiatric rehabilitation. Assessments were performed before and after study. All subjects were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS).ResultsThe outcome of the study group was significantly superior to the control group on overall improvement according to the reductions of BPRS score, Anergia factor score, thought disturbance factor score, suspiciousness factor score and SDSS score(P<0.05-0.01).ConclusionThe whole-period psychiatric rehabilitation may play an important role in controlling symptoms and improving social function to outpatients with schizophrenia.

To discover novel fluoroquinolone lead compounds as possible anti-infective or/and antitumor chemotherapies, combination principle of pharmacophore-based drug design, a series of novel tricyclic fluoroquinolone title compounds, [1,2,4]triazino[3,4-h][1,8]naphthyridine-8-one-7-carboxylic acid derivatives ( 5a-5p), were designed and synthesized with a fused [1,2,4]-triazine ring unit. Their structures were characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis and the in vitro antibacterial and anti-cell proliferation activities were also evaluated. The results showed that the titled compounds exhibited more significant inhibitory activities against drug-resistant bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains) and three tested cancer cell lines (human hepatoma SMMC-7721, murine leukemia L1210 and human murine leukemia HL60 cells). Interestingly, SAR showed that compounds with electron-donating groups attached to benzene ring had stronger antibacterial activity than antitumor activity, but electron-withdrawing compounds displayed more potential antitumor activity than antibacterial activity, especially antitumor activity of nitro compounds was comparable to comparison doxorubicin. Thus, novel triazine-fused tricyclic fluoroquinolones as potent anti-infective or/and antitumor lead compounds are valuable to pay attention and for further development.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Carboxylic Acids ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Design ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia L1210 ; Liver Neoplasms ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Mice ; Naphthyridines ; Triazines

To explore an efficient strategy for the conversion of antibacterial fluoroquinolones into antitumor fluoroquinolones, an azole heterocyclic ring of oxadiazole instead of the C-3 carboxylic acid group with a functionalized hydrazone group as a modified side-chain, fifteen novel 2-(fluoroquinolon-3-yl)-oxadiazole-5- sulfanylacetylhydrazone derivatives 7a-7o were designed and synthesized on the basis of the pharmacophore hybridization principle from pefloxacin, separately. The structures for fifteen title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and MS, and their in vitro antitumor activity against Hep-3B cell line was evaluated by a MTT assay. The results showed that the title compounds exhibited more significantly inhibitory activity than that of the parent pefloxacin, in which compounds with electron-withdrawing group attached on aryl ring had more potency than that of compounds with electron donating group, especially compounds with a carboxylic substituent were comparable to comparison doxorubicin. It suggests that it is favorable for an improvement of antitumor activity to remain a carboxylic acid unit at the aromatic ring.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemistry ; Humans ; Oxadiazoles ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Six kinds of saponins (I, II, VII, PA, H) content of 22 samples of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis collected from different regions of Yunnan province were determined by HPLC, data was analyzed by SPSS 17. The results showed that the effect of altitude on saponin content was not significant, and the effect of growth area of saponins in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was significant, saponin content in sample from west Yunnan was significantly higher than that of samples from other regions.
Altitude ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis