Objective To analyze the risk of adverse drug events in pediatric clinical applications of tocilizumab versus inflixima.Methods Adverse event(AE)reporting data for tocilizumab versus infliximab in the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database for the pediatric population from Q1 2013 to Q1 2023 were collected.AE risk signal mining was performed using the reporting odds ratio(ROR)method and the proportional reporting ratio(PRR)method.AEs were also classified and statistically analyzed according to the preferred system organ classification and preferred terminology(PT)of the International Dictionary of Medical Terminology.Results Data were extracted and cleaned to include 1 052 AE reports with 198 positive PT signals for tocilizumab as the suspected drug and 9 1 39 AE reports with 387 positive PT signals for infliximab as the suspected drug.The analyses suggested that the stronger positive risk signals for both drugs were focused on gastrointestinal disorders,infectious and invasive diseases,laboratory tests,musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders,and blood,vascular,and lymphatic disorders.The risk signals for infliximab were focused on gastrointestinal disorders,infections,and infectious diseases,while the risk signals for tocilizumab were focused on the musculoskeletal muscle system.Conclusion Clinical use of both drugs in children has multi-system effects,tocilizumab may have effects on growth and development,and infliximab has effects on the gastrointestinal tract in children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. METHODS: Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients. RESULTS: Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD. CONCLUSIONS Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).
Humans ; Male ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Hyperuricemia ; Kidney ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) alleviates cognitive impairment by suppressing the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway, which triggers immune-inflammatory responses in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VaD). METHODS: The experiments were conducted in 3 parts and in total the Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups by a random number table, including sham, four-vessel occlusion (4-VO), 4-VO+EA, 4-VO+non-EA, sham+EA, 4-VO+lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 4-VO+LPS+EA, and 4-VO+TAK-242 groups. The VaD model was established by the 4-VO method. Seven days later, rats were treated with EA at 5 acupoints of Baihui (DV 20), Danzhong (RN 17), Geshu (BL 17), Qihai (RN 6) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), once per day for 3 consecutive weeks. Lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte transformation rates, and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) were measured to assess immune function and inflammation in VaD rats. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of nerve cells in the hippocampus. The levels of TLR4, MyD88, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected after EA treatment. TLR4/MyD88 signaling and cognitive function were also assessed after intracerebroventricular injection of TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 or TLR4 agonist LPS with or without EA. RESULTS: Compared with the 4-VO group, EA notably improved immune function of rats in the 4-VO+EA group, inhibited the protein and mRNA expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 in the hippocampus of rats, reduced the expressions of serum IL-6 and TNF-α (all P<0.05 or P<0.01), and led to neuronal repair in the hippocampus. There were no significant differences between the 4-VO+LPS+EA and 4-VO+EA groups, nor between the 4-VO+TAK-242 and 4-VO+EA groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS EA attenuated cognitive impairment associated with immune inflammation by inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Thus, EA may be a promising alternative therapy for the treatment of VaD.
Animals ; Dementia, Vascular/therapy* ; Electroacupuncture ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Immunity ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism*

Objective: To explore the value of the assessment of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) combined with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) on predicting the all-cause mortality, length of hospitalization, and hospital cost in ischemic heart failure (IHF) patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 189 patients (157 males, mean age (64.0±10.5) years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction<45% caused by coronary artery disease, who hospitalized in our department from March 2016 to December 2020. Baseline data, including demographics, comorbid conditions and laboratory examination, were analyzed. The cumulative rate of all-cause mortality was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between the groups according to the log-rank test. Relative risks were reported as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) calculated using the Cox proportional-hazards analysis, with stepwise adjustment for covariables. Spearman correlation analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between TMAO combined with NT-proBNP and length of hospitalization and hospital cost. Results: There were 50 patients in the low TMAO+low NT-proBNP group, 89 patients in high TMAO or high NT-proBNP group, 50 patients in high TMAO+high NT-proBNP group. The mean follow-up period was 3.0 years. Death occurred in 70 patients (37.0%), 27 patients (54.0%) in high TMAO+high NT-proBNP group, 29 patients (32.6%) in high TMAO or high NT-proBNP group and 14 patients (28.0%) in low TMAO+low NT-proBNP group. TMAO, in combination with NT-proBNP, improved all-cause mortality prediction in IHF patients when stratified as none, one or both biomarker(s) elevation, with the highest risk of all-cause mortality in high TMAO+high NT-proBNP group (HR=3.62, 95%CI 1.89-6.96, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis further confirmed that TMAO combined with NT-proBNP strengthened the prediction performance on the risk of all-cause death (AUC=0.727(95%CI 0.640-0.813), sensitivity 55.0%, characteristic 83.1%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that IHF patients with high TMAO and high NT-proBNP were positively associated with longer duration of hospitalization (r=0.191,P=0.009), but not associated with higher hospital cost (r=0.030, P=0.686). Conclusions: TMAO combined with NT-proBNP are valuable prediction tool on risk stratification of patients with IHF, and those with two biomarkers elevation face the highest risk of mortality during follow-up period, and are associated with the longer hospital stay.
Aged ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Female ; Heart Failure/diagnosis* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Methylamines/blood* ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood* ; Peptide Fragments ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies

Rhododendron molle G. Don is first recorded in Shengnong's Herbal Classic, and its fruits, which are termed as Liuzhouzi, are often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese folk. During our ongoing investigation to develop a safer and potential new arthritis therapy, a process for the preparation of diterpenoid fraction from Rhododendron mollefruits was established. In order to evaluate the main components and the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of the diterpenoid fraction, phytochemical and pharmacological experiments were used. As the result, the main components of diterpenoid fraction were identified as rhodojaponin III (1), rhodojaponin VI (2), 2-O-methylrhodojaponin (3), and 5'-β-D-glucopyranosy-loxyjasmonic acid (4). These four components constitute greater than 95% of diterpenoid fraction using area normalization method of HPLC-ELSD. The results of CIA rat experiment showed that high dose of diterpenoid fraction (0.6 mg·kg

【Objective】 To explore the effects and the possible mechanism of RNA targeting membrane-bound prostaglandin E2 synthase l（mPGES- 1）on proliferation，apoptosis and drug resistance of leukemia cell line K562/A.【Methods】RNA interference was used to inhibit the expression of mPGES-1 of K562/A cells. Four groups were set up as follows：untreated group（K562/A），negative control group after interference（K562/A-NC），group after interference（K562/ A-KD），and group after interference with exogenous PGE2（K562/A-KD+PGE2）.Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Concentration of PGE2 was detected by ELISA. Proteins expression was detected by western blot.【Results】The expression of mPGES- 1 in K562/A cells was significantly down- regulated and the synthesis of PGE2 decreased（P < 0.000 1）after RNA interference. After RNA interference，the proliferation of K562/A cells was inhibited and apoptosis increased，and the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs was enhanced（P < 0.05）. Meanwhile，the expression of β-catenin and MDR1 was decreased（P < 0.01）. Exogenous PGE2 could reverse the effect of RNA interference on proliferation ，apoptosis and drug sensitivity in K562/A cells（P < 0.05），and up-regulate the expression of β-catenin and MDR1（P < 0.01）. XAV939，an inhibitor of β-catenin，could down-regulate the expression of β- catenin and MDR1 in an dose- dependent pattern in K562/A cells（P < 0.05）.【Conclusions】RNA interference of mPGES- 1 could inhibit proliferation，induce apoptosis and reverse drug resistance in K562/A cells. The mechanism was related to reducing the synthesis of PGE2 and thus down- regulating the expression of β- catenin and MDR1. Wnt/β- catenin signal pathway may participate in the regulation of MDR1 by mPGES-1/PGE2.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations pathologic features, treatment options and prognosis of patients with bone lymphoma. METHODS: The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, treatment and prognosis of 34 BL patients diagnosed by histopathologic method or/and PET-CT and treated in first hospital of peking university from January 2004 to April 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The median age of 34 BL patients was 56 years old, the male and female ratio was 1.43∶1 (24 /10). Among 34 patients, the patients with primary bone lymphoma(PBL) were 8 cases, the patients with secondary bone lymphoma(SBL) was 26 cases, the PBL and SBL ratio was 0.31∶1. Bone lymphoma lacks typical systemic symptoms, and its onset began mostly from bone pain and pathologic bone fracture. The most frequent pathological type of bone lymphoma in our study was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), accounting for 55.88%. At present, the conventional treatment for bone lymphoma includes chemotherapy, or chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and surgery, as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The average and median OS time of BL patients were 349 years and 3 years respectively, meanwhile the OS rate for three years and two years were 56.25% and 78.16%, respectively. Factors that affect survival of BL patients were PBL and SBL classification, pathological type, blood LDH level, and treatment methods. CONCLUSION Bone lymphoma is usually concealed onset，an adequate and adequate combination therapy can improve the survival rate and transplantation therapy plays an important role. Primary bone lymphoma is rare, the prognosis of patients with primary bone lymphoma is good, whereas the prognosis of patients with secondary bone lymphoma is poor.
Bone Neoplasms ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To predict the pigmentation phenotypes of Chinese populations from different language families, analyze the differences and provide reference data for forensic anthropology and genetics. Methods The HIrisPlex-S multiplex amplification system with 41 loci related to pigmentation phenotypes was constructed in the laboratory, and 2 666 DNA samples of adult males of 17 populations from six language families, including Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Altaic, Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai and Austro-Asiatic language families distributed in different regions of China were genotyped. The pigmentation phenotype category of each individual was predicted using the online prediction system （https://HIrisPlex.erasmusmc.nl/）, and then the output data were statistically analyzed. Results About 1.92% of the individuals of Asian-European admixed populations from Indo-European and Altaic language families had blue eyes and 34.29% had brown or gold hair. The phenotypes of the color of eyes and hair of other populations had no significant difference, all individuals had brown eyes and black hair. There were differences in skin color of populations of different language families and geographical areas. The Indo-European language family had the lightest skin color, and the Austro-Asiatic language family had the darkest skin color; the southwestern minority populations had a darker skin color than populations in the plain areas. Conclusion The prediction results of pigmentation phenotype of Chinese populations are consistent with the perception of the appearance of each population, proving the reliability of the system. The color of eyes and hair are mainly related to ancestral components, while the skin color shows the differences between language families, and is closely related to geographical distribution of populations.
Adult ; Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Eye Color/genetics* ; Forensic Anthropology ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Reproducibility of Results ; Skin Pigmentation/genetics*