In order to meet the needs of training high-quality medical persons, combining teaching reform theory with foundational courses teaching practice, we summarize some successful experience in many respects such as construction and reformation of foundational educational system, grasping subject construction goal, bringing up and cultivating scientific researchers, improving experimental conditions. All we have done reveal that the combination of medicine and engineering is the characteristic form of development.

BACKGROUND:It is important to maintain the height of joint line in total knee arthroplasty or renovation. Foreign scholars have reported the parameters of the distance from different landmarks to knee joint line, but there is stil a lack of relevant data for Chinese people. OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationships of the knee anatomic landmarks and joint line in normal Chinese, thereby providing clinical evidence for primary total knee replacement and knee renovation. METHODS:Totaly 746 normal knee joints of 409 healthy volunteers from North China and Southwest China were randomly enroled, including 214 males and 195 females, with a mean age of 37.7 years. CT scan was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional knee joint, and the distance between the anatomic landmarks and the joint line was measured using Mimics software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The distance from the center of femoral medial sulcus to the joint line was (25.72±2.52) mm. The distance from the center of lateral femoral condyle prominence to the joint line was (26.30±2.65) mm. The distance from the adduction muscle tubercle to the joint line was (44.60±4.32) mm. The distance from the peak of the tibial tubercle to the joint line was (21.50±3.57) mm. These parameters in male group were significantly higher than those in female group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings provide anatomic evidence for the recovery of joint line in knee replacement or renovation; the variability of the distance from the center of femoral medial sulcus, lateral femoral condyle prominence and adductor tubercle to the joint line is smaler, and therefore, these landmarks have more reference values in total knee arthroplasty.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) refers to the endogenous or exogenous emboli blocking pulmonary trunk or branches, causing clinical and pathophysiological syndrome of pulmonary circulation disorder, the incidence rate is high. Sometimes PE patients were lack of specific symptoms and signs, or without any symptoms, which often result in misdiagnosis, un-timely diagnosis, and the delay of treatment. A PE case with syncope, vomiting and shock, which was proved to be pulmonary artery trunk and branch wide embolism later, was presented so as to improve the understanding of the disease.

This article explained the character of dental disease and effective facts for dental health utilization, and current situation of basic medical insurance for oral diseases through checking up relative articles. Dental insurance had a positive effect on utilization of dental medical service and public oral health. The PEST tool was used to analyze the environment of dental insurance developing direction and feasibility in this article, and then raise some suggestions and core strategies for developing dental insurance. We believe that the dental insurance can increase the oral health service utilizations and enhance the oral health for Chinese people. Only oral insurance will be developed, Chinese oral health could be geared to international practice.
China ; Humans ; Insurance, Dental ; Oral Health

A lot of experimental findings have confirmed that: Animal cells acquire a spherical shape just before the division; Under biochemical stimulus of mitotic apparatus aster the cells form a contractile ring in equator plane, and the mother cell divides into two daughter cells; meanwhile the total volume keeps constant. In Zinemanas and Nir's model the reorientation of microfilament and the visco-elasticity of cortex have been took into consideration. In our present work, the effective coefficient m due to biochemical stimulus was incorporated into the model, and the local distribution C was modified to diffuse with the plasma membrane motion. The numerical results showed that the formation of a contractile ring and parameters such as the surface tension in the furrow and internal pressure can be predicted successfully. Compared with Zinemanas and Nir's model, the results of our model are more correspondent with the experimental results. It can be concluded that the effective coefficient m has limited effects on the process control of cytokinesis.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cytokinesis ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Surface Tension

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of the total saponin of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on gene expression profile of K562 cells using microarray technique.

METHODSThe total RNA were extracted and purified from K562 cells treated by 200 microg/ml TSPG for 3 days, and untreated K562 cells cultured in parallel served as the control. cRNAs were synthesized and labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 respectively. The labeled cRNA fragments were hybridized with Agilent human 1B 60 mer oligonucleotide microarray, which was then scanned to reveal the changes of gene expression profile in relation to TSPG treatment.

RESULTSTotally 362 differentially expressed genes were identified in TSPG-treated K562 cells, including 20 up-regulated ones (consisting of metabolism-associated genes, signal transduction-associated genes and cell receptor-associated genes etc) and 342 down-regulated ones (consisting of immunity and defense-associated genes, DNA-binding and transcription genes, metabolism-associated genes and cell cycle-associated genes etc). Changes in expressions of FOSL1, E2F2, CCNE2 and ODZ1 were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONSTSPG may induce changes in the gene expression profile in k562 cells possibly relevant to the anti-tumor mechanism of TSPG.

Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Panax ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate and analyze consistency in attitudes toward advance directive and life sustaining treatments between cancer patients and their family members.Methods Totally 242 pairs of cancer patients and family members were involved in the research through convenience sampling from two tertiary hospitals.We investigated consistency in attitudes toward advance directive and life sustaining treatments between cancer patients and their family members using questionnaire of attitudes toward advance directive.Results After explanation of advance directive,51.65％ of cancer patients would like to make advance directive.Most of the family members(89.26％) said they would like to follow patients' wishes if they made advance directive.The consistency in attitudes toward advance directive between cancer patients and their family members were "willing" accounting 48.35％,and "not willing" accounting for 1.65％,with weak consistency(Kappa value was 0.05,P＞0.05).The consistency in attitudes toward life sustaining treatments between cancer patients and their family members were "willing" accounting for 16.94％～38.84％,"not willing" accounting for 1.65％～4.96％,and "never considered" accounting for 9.92％～17.77％,with weak consistency(Kappa value was 0.09-0.18,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cancer patients and their family members show positive attitudes toward advance directive without too many differences.Family members' choices on life sustaining treatments cannot fully represent patients' wishes.

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze the epidemic trend and predict the incidence trend of occupational diseases during 2006-2015 in Guangdong province, which may provide the theoretical foundation for occupational disease risk assessment and precise control and prevention. Methods: We analyzed the number of reported occupational disease cases, the constituent ratio, the average age and working-age of patients. We also performed the linear-by-linear association test of new incidence, median age and median working-age by curve-fitting method, of which the diagnostic year was set as the independent variable. Meanwhile, we designed an ARIMA model to predict the variation tendency of occupational diseases in 2017-2020. Results: (1) During 2006-2015, the total reported cases of occupational disease is 5289, including 2101 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis (39.7%) , 1363 cases of occupational poisoning (25.8%) , and 864 cases of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological disease (16.3%) . (2) The number of occupational diseases and pneumoconiosis have a straight upward trend (R²=0.851, R²=0.856) , while the number of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological disease and occupational tumor have a exponential trend (R²=0.914, R²=0.696) . The constituent ratio of occupational poisoning is decreasing, and the constituent ratio of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological disease is increasing. (3) The average onset age is 40 (33, 46) years old, and the average onset working-age is 6 (3, 11) years. Both of them have a straight upward trend (R²=0.954、R²=0.792) . The onset age of pneumoconiosis, occupational poisoning and occupational otolaryngological and stomatological disease have a upward trend. In addition, the onset working-age of occupational poisoning and pneumoconiosis have a upward trend. (4) The number of occupational diseases in 2017-2020 is predicted to be between 902-1231. Conclusion Occupational diseases in Guangdong province showed a trend of high incidence. The age and working-age of occupational diseases showed an extended trend. Therefore, our work of occupational epidemic trend may provide some bases for the occupational disease risk assessment and precise control and prevention.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of tau hyperphosphorylation and the effect of LiCl on tau phosphorylation and the memory retention deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats.

METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into control, DM, DM + NaCl, and DM + LiCl groups and diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was measured by 32P-labelling. The level of tau phosphorylated and changes of memory retention were examined by Western blotting and step down test, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the activity of GSK-3 and tau phosphorylation was increased, and the memory retention was impaired in DM group. When the rats were treated with LiCl, the activity of GSK-3 and hyperphosphorylation of tau were significantly arrested (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the memory retention deficit was significantly improved (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe hyperphosphorylation of tau can be induced by activation of GSK-3 in diabetic rats. Lithium protects tau from hyperphosphorylation and may rescue memory retention in the rats by inhibiting GSK-3 activity.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Lithium Chloride ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; tau Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and distribution of hepatocyte-enriched transcriptional factors during the differentiation of hepatocyte by rat bone marrow stem cells in vitro.

METHODSMesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat bone marrow and induced into mature hepatocyte in vitro. The mRNA expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4 alpha), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) alpha and beta were compared between induced and non-induced cultures using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The distribution pattern of HNF4 alpha was detected by immunofluorescence staining and observed by fluorescence microscope.

RESULTSTranscriptional factors HNF4 alpha, C/EBP alpha, and C/EBP beta were expressed in the induced cells during the culture process. The mRNA expression levels of HNF4 alpha and C/EBP alpha were significantly higher in induced cultures than those in non-induced cultures in the early stage, whereas C/EBP beta expression was significantly up-regulated in induced cultures at the late stage (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that HNF4 alpha was located in the cell nucleus of differentiated cells.

CONCLUSIONThe characteristic time-dependent expression of transcriptional factors HNF4 alpha, C/EBP alpha, and C/EBP beta during the hepatocyte differentiation by bone marrow stem cells demonstrates that the expressions of these transcriptional factors are closely related to the initiation and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism