Objective To explore the clinical significance of the changes of interleukin-6(IL-6) contents in serum and urine in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods The contents of IL-6 in serum and urine in 38 cases of PNS were exa-(mined) by ELISA before and after treatment with prednisone 2 mg/(kg?d) for 8 weeks.Results Before the treatment with prednisone,the contents of IL-6 in serum in steroid-responsive group and steroid-resistant group were significantly higher than those in the normal controls(P0.05).In the steroid-responsive group and steroid-resistant group,the levels of IL-6 in urine were significantly higher than those in the normal controls(P0.05).The contents of IL-6 in steroid-resistant group in serum and urine had significant difference in the comparison with the normal controls(P

Objective To investigate the regulation expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF)in hu- man and animal osteoarthritic(OA)tissues and its clinical relevance.Methods 1)Thirty-five Japanese rabbits, aged eight months,were used to make models of experimental osteoarthritis.Operations were performed at the right knee and the sham ones at the left knee in each rabbit.Rabbits were sacrificed on the 3,7,14,28,42,56 and 84 days after operation respectively.Cartilage and synovium of the knee were collected to observe histological changes of osteoarthritis at different times;immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to observe the LIF expression and distribution in the cartilage and synovium of the animals.2)From April 2003 to October 2003,32 samples of human articular tissues(cartilage,subchondral bone and synovium)were obtained in the operational procedures and a good quantity of RNA was isolated using Magnetic Beads.The patients who underwent articular operations donated the samples.In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),the mRNA expression of LIF was mea- sured by semi-quantity analysis and the location of LIF protein was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results A slight expression of LIF was seen in normal cartilage but less in synovium.However,the expression of LIF was remarkable in synovial lining cells,superficial and middle layers of cartilage in animal os- teoarthritis.There was a significant difference in expression between the animal osteoarthritis and the control group (P＜0.05 ).In human tissue study,LIF mRNA was expressed to a very low level in normal articular tissues and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05)between different anatomical locations.In moderate degrading sub- chondral bone,LIF mRNA was expressed to its highest level.LIF was expressed to the highest level in seriously degrading cartilage tissues.The results were similar to ELISA testing results.LIF extents varied in different articular tissue sections.Conclusions LIF is an important mediator that can contribute to tbe pathogenesis of OA.The different temporal and spatial distributions of LIF in normal and OA tissues imply that LIF may play some important roles in pathogenesis of OA.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome in children.Methods Thirty children proved with cyclic vomiting syndrome admitted from January,1998 to January,2003 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Cyclic vomiting syndrome was most likely to occur in 3-12 years old.The male to female ratio was 3∶2.The clinical manifestations were recurrent vomiting.Twenty-one cases had inducements,while 9 cases had not inducements.It was safe and efficient that curing cyclic vomiting syndrome with cyprohetadine and amitriptyline.Conclusions If these children with cyclic vomiting syndrome are inefficient to treatment,excluding metabolizable diseases,gastrointestinal,neurological diseases,they may be diagnosed cyclic vomiting syndrome,and cured with cyprohetadine and amitriptyline.

objective To explore the role of cytokines and dendritic cells (DCs) in rat high-risk corneal allograft survival pro- longed by superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and to compare the different effects between SEB and glucocorticoid. Design Experimental study.Participants Fisher 344 and Lewis rats.Methods The Fisher 344 and Lewis inbred rats were used for high-risk penetrating keratoplasty model.All of the Lewis rat recipients were divided into three groups by blinded fashion.GroupⅠand GroupⅡrats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2ml saline buffer or SEB (75?g/ml) respectively at 4-day intervals on three occasions before transplantation.GroupⅢrats were injected subconjunctivally with 0.1ml dexamethasone (1mg/ml) daily from the first day after surgery for 2 weeks.The allograft survival was examined under slit-lamp.The concentration of interleukin IL-1?,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6, IL-10,TNF-?in rat aqueous humor and peripheral blood were measured by liquichip and the cytokine and CD11c,CD80,MHC-Ⅱex- pression in corneal grafts were examined by immunohistochemestry staining.Main Octcome Measures Mean survival time of the allo- grafts,the level of cytokines in aqueous humor,peripheral blood and corneal grafts.Results Compared with group control,the grafts mean survival time was delayed about 3.8d in group SEB (P=0.00) and 7.1d in group dexamethasone(P=0.01).But there was no signifi- cant difference between group SEB and dexamethone (P=0.26).Liquichip test showed that the level of IL-1?in aqueous humor was re- duced and IL-4,IL-6 and IFN-?,ascended.Only IFN-?,and IL-6 could be found in peripheral blood,and the changing shift of them was similar to that in aqueous humor.The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of IL-2 in rat corneal grafts was signif- icantly decreased but IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 elevated.The expression of DCs in group SEB was similar to that in group control,which was elevated after keratoplasty,but the phenotype of DCs was not the same.There were predominantly mature DCs in group control while immature DCs in group SEB.Conclusions The immunological inhibiting effect of SEB is same to glucocorticoid,but the mecha- nism is different.SEB can modulate immune response,which might induce immune inhibition via the local production of cytokines and effect on DCs maturation involving corneal graft rejection prevention.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte ; metabolism ; Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibrocystic Breast Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of immune imbalance in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) induced by severe intra-abdominal infection and its relationship with changing of TCM sthenia-asthenia syndrome.

METHODSForty-six patients with MODS induced by severe intra-abdominal infection and treated with etiological and syndrome differentiation of integrative medicine were observed in succession. Patients' peripheral blood levels of interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio (IL-6/IL-10), human leukocyte antigen DR site (HLA-DR), helper T lymphocyte1/2 ratio (Th1/Th2), and the regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) were measured on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day of the research respectively. And the distribution laws of TCM syndrome types, sthenia (S), asthenia (A), and mingled sthenia/asthenia (M), in patients were observed as well.

RESULTSIL-6/IL-10 ratio at all the testing time points showed insignificant difference in patients of types S and M, while in those of type A, it was more lowered on the 7th day than that on the 1st day. HLA-DR lowered to <30% on the 7th day in all patients of type A and showed significant difference to that on the 1st day (P <0.05), while HLA-DR <30% was not found in all patients of types S and M. Th1/Th2 ratio in patients of types S and A was insignificant different at the foremost 3 days, but lowered significantly on the 7th day, while in patients of type M, it was unchanged in all the 7 days of observation. Treg level was unchanged in the foremost 3 days in patients of types S and M, while in those of type A, it raised on the 3rd day, but no raising was found in the subsequent 4 days. Comparisons of various indexes detected at corresponding time points respectively among patients with various syndrome types showed that, for levels of IL-6/IL-8, HLA-DR, and Th1/Th2, the sequence was S>M>A; and for Treg, it was A>M>S.

CONCLUSIONIn the pathological process of MODS induced by severe intra-abdominal infection, the index IL-6/IL-10, reflecting the balance of the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines and the indexes HLA-DR, Th1/Th2 and Treg reflecting the immune function, all can exactly reflect the TCM asthenia-sthenia syndrome types. The sequence in patients of various syndrome types for levels of IL-6/IL-10, HLA-DR and Th1/Th2, is S> M>A, but for Treg it is the inverse, as A>M>S.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; HLA-DR Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure ; complications ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Peritonitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Sepsis ; complications ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Yang Deficiency ; immunology ; Young Adult

To discover novel fluoroquinolone lead compounds as possible anti-infective or/and antitumor chemotherapies, combination principle of pharmacophore-based drug design, a series of novel tricyclic fluoroquinolone title compounds, [1,2,4]triazino[3,4-h][1,8]naphthyridine-8-one-7-carboxylic acid derivatives ( 5a-5p), were designed and synthesized with a fused [1,2,4]-triazine ring unit. Their structures were characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis and the in vitro antibacterial and anti-cell proliferation activities were also evaluated. The results showed that the titled compounds exhibited more significant inhibitory activities against drug-resistant bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains) and three tested cancer cell lines (human hepatoma SMMC-7721, murine leukemia L1210 and human murine leukemia HL60 cells). Interestingly, SAR showed that compounds with electron-donating groups attached to benzene ring had stronger antibacterial activity than antitumor activity, but electron-withdrawing compounds displayed more potential antitumor activity than antibacterial activity, especially antitumor activity of nitro compounds was comparable to comparison doxorubicin. Thus, novel triazine-fused tricyclic fluoroquinolones as potent anti-infective or/and antitumor lead compounds are valuable to pay attention and for further development.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Carboxylic Acids ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Design ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia L1210 ; Liver Neoplasms ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Mice ; Naphthyridines ; Triazines

To explore an efficient strategy for the conversion of antibacterial fluoroquinolones into antitumor fluoroquinolones, an azole heterocyclic ring of oxadiazole instead of the C-3 carboxylic acid group with a functionalized hydrazone group as a modified side-chain, fifteen novel 2-(fluoroquinolon-3-yl)-oxadiazole-5- sulfanylacetylhydrazone derivatives 7a-7o were designed and synthesized on the basis of the pharmacophore hybridization principle from pefloxacin, separately. The structures for fifteen title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and MS, and their in vitro antitumor activity against Hep-3B cell line was evaluated by a MTT assay. The results showed that the title compounds exhibited more significantly inhibitory activity than that of the parent pefloxacin, in which compounds with electron-withdrawing group attached on aryl ring had more potency than that of compounds with electron donating group, especially compounds with a carboxylic substituent were comparable to comparison doxorubicin. It suggests that it is favorable for an improvement of antitumor activity to remain a carboxylic acid unit at the aromatic ring.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemistry ; Humans ; Oxadiazoles ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between TCM syndrome type and HBV-DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSThe serum HBV markers,HBV-DNA levels in serum and PBMCs, were quantitatively detected in 220 CHB patients by PCR method, and TCM syndrome type of 205 patients were differentiated.

RESULTSArranged from low to high, the percentages of CHB patients with the serum HBV-DNA > or = 1.0 x l0(5) copy/mL (high viral loading) in the five syndrome types were as follows: damp-heat retention in middle-jiao syndrome (DHRS, 55.2%), blood stasis blocking collateral syndrome (BSBC), Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (GSYS), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (PSDS) and Gan stagnation with Pi deficiency syndrome (GSPS, 82.5%), the difference was significant between DHRS and GSPS; those with HBV-DNA in PBMCs infection were: GSYS (27.3%), DHRS (34.3%), BSBC (53.1%) and GSPS (77.2%). The percentage in GSPS was the highest, which was significantly different to that in other syndromes.

CONCLUSIONAmount of serum HBV-DNA and PBMCs HBV-DNA infection has certain correlation with the TCM syndrome type of CHB. The highest percentage of patients with HBV-DNA > or = 1.0 x l0(5) copy/mL and PBMCs HBV-DNA infection presented in CHB patients of GSPS type. We should pay more attention to strengthen genuine qi to eliminate pathogenic factors in treatment of CHB.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; virology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Syndrome ; Young Adult

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders and seriously impairs the physical and mental health of patients. Due to the efficacy of acupuncture for tranquilization, acupuncture displays its unique advantage on the treatment of anxiety disorder, but the relevant biological mechanism has not been elaborated. The modern medicine study has proved that the heart and brain have their own independent natriuretic peptide (NP) system. The dysfunction of ANP and its receptor are closely related to the occurrence of anxiety disorder. The ANP acts on anti-anxiety. Hence, focusing on the three aspects, named the anti-anxiety effect of acupuncture based on its tranquilizing effect, the anti-anxiety effect of ANP and the positive regulation of acupuncture on NP, the mechanism on ANP and its receptor was explored in anti-anxiety with acupuncture based on tranquilizing effect, and the idea was put forward on that the anti-anxiety effect of acupuncture was possibly based on its action of tranquilization through regulating the ANP and its receptor. As a result, it is expected to provide the theoretic support for the mechanism study on anti-anxiety with acupuncture based on its tranquilizing effect.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; metabolism ; Anxiety ; metabolism ; therapy ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism