OBJECTIVETo evaluate the experience of surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with endobronchial tuberculosis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 85 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and endobronchial tuberculosis undergoing surgical resection from 1967 to 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Forty-five cases were bronchial stenosis. Four cases were tracheal stenosis. Sixteen cases underwent right upper lobectomy. One case underwent right upper and middle lobectomy. Three cases underwent right middle lobectomy. Five cases underwent right middle and lower lobectomy. Two cases underwent right lower lobectomy. Twelve cases underwent left upper lobectomy. Four cases underwent left lower lobectomy. Eight cases were assisted with sleeve lobectomy. Six cases underwent right pneumonectomy (with partial tracheal resection and tracheal reconstruction in 3 cases). Thirty cases underwent left pneumonectomy. One case underwent left lower lobectomy who underwent left upper lobectomy 2 years ago. Four cases were assisted with sleeve pneumonectomy. Three cases underwent tracheal segment resection and tracheal reconstruction. One case underwent left upper bronchial and pulmonary artery sleeve resection. One case underwent biopsy.

RESULTSNo surgical mortality occurred. There was 1 case of bronchopleural fistula and 1 case of empyema in the 35 cases (without sleeve lobectomy) who underwent lobectomy. There were 3 cases of bronchopleural fistula and 4 cases of empyema in the 33 cases (without sleeve pneumonectomy) who underwent pneumonectomy (P < 0.05). There were 5 cases of atelectasis in the 35 cases who underwent lobectomy and 3 cases of atelectasis in the 8 cases who underwent sleeve lobectomy (P < 0.01). In the follow-up of 3 to 10 years, 1 case died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome 7 years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSIt is important to resect all the tissue which has been infected. With the routine anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy during the perioperative period, the effect of surgical treatment is superior to others. Fewer pneumonectomy is also important.

Adult ; Aged ; Bronchi ; surgery ; Bronchial Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Trachea ; surgery ; Tuberculosis ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features of postoperative ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) after lung surgery.

METHODSOf 104 patients who had undergone lung surgery and been treated with ventilator in our surgical intensive care unit between January 2003 and March 2005, 35 patients met with the criteria of both VAP and postoperative pneumonia (POP), and 41 cases had no evidences of pneumonia. The clinical and laboratory data of all 76 cases were recorded and analyzed by a statistical software package (SPSS).

RESULTSThe diagnosis of postoperative VAP was established clinically in 35 patients (46.1%), and etiologically in 33 cases. Compared to the patients without postoperative VAP, the patients with postoperative VAP had a significantly longer mean interval between intubation and operation [(2.7 +/- 2.9) days vs. (1.6 +/- 1.7) days, P = 0.039], a longer duration of mechanical ventilation [(32.2 +/- 37.7) days vs. (4.2 +/- 2.9) days, P < 0.001], and higher morbidity (20.0% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.013). There was a significant difference in mean duration of mechanical ventilation between the 15 cases of early-onset VAP and 20 cases of late-onset VAP (17 +/- 15 days vs. 43 +/- 46 days, P = 0.042). Among the initially detected pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most common Gram-positive coccus whereas Acinetobacter Baumannii took the place of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the top Gram-negative rod.

CONCLUSIONPostoperative VAP after lung surgery has different clinical features from VAP in medical ICU.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Respiration, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early outcome of patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for primary lung carcinoma.

METHODSThe records of 121 patients with lung cancer undergoing VATS lung resection from 1997 to 2004 were reviewed retrospectively, I stage: 101 cases, 34 cases underwent right upper lobectomy, 13 cases underwent right middle lobectomy, 17 cases underwent right down lobectomy, 21 cases underwent left upper lobectomy, 16 cases underwent left down lobectomy. Thirty-eight cases underwent VATS lobectomy without assisted mini-incision.

RESULTSThere were 18 cases of morbidities (15%) and no surgical mortality. The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year survival rates of primary non-small cell lung cancer with I stage is: 99% (76/77), 96% (49/51) and 79% (15/19), respectively. There are statistic difference (P < 0.01) between adenocarcinoma and the others. There are no statistic difference (P > 0.05) between the VATS lobectomy with assisted mini-incision (n = 38) and without (n = 63), also no statistic difference (P > 0.05) between the VATS lobectomy and the standard procedure.

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that VATS lobectomy is superior regarding its ability to achieve the same survival rates and little morbidities in comparison with the standard procedure.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy (OT) on acute inflammatory responses and immunosuppression after lobectomy for early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSPresent prospective randomized study. OT or VATS lobectomy was performed in patients who met enter criteria and clinical data was collected. Plasma concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured before surgery and at postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 3. There were 271 patients underwent lobectomy for early NSCLC, including of 133 patients in group VATS and 138 patients in group OT from January 2007 to June 2008. There were 132 males and 139 females, aging from 19 ∼ 70 years with a mean of (56 ± 8) years.

RESULTSCompared with OT group, shorter postoperative hospital stay [(8.2 ± 2.5) d vs. (9.8 ± 6.2) d, P = 0.03], lower morbidity rate (11.3% vs. 21.7%, P = 0.02) and lower increase of plasma concentration of IL-6 at POD 1 [(35 ± 25)% vs. (65 ± 43)%, P = 0.00], IL-6 at POD 3 [(14 ± 22)% vs. (55 ± 44)%, P = 0.00] and IL-10 at POD 1 [(25 ± 20)% vs. (43 ± 35)%, P = 0.00] were observed in patients of VATS group.

CONCLUSIONVATS lobectomy for early NSCLC is associated with less acute inflammatory responses and less immunosuppression when compared with OT.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Interleukins ; blood ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Prospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thoracotomy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Neuro signal has many more advantages than myoelectricity in providing information for prosthesis control, and can be an ideal source for developing new prosthesis. In this work, by implanting intrafascicular electrode clinically in the amputee's upper extremity, collective signals from fascicules of three main nerves (radial nerve, ulnar nerve and medium nerve) were successfully detected with sufficient fidelity and without infection. Initial analysis of features under different actions was performed and movement recognition of detected samples was attempted. Singular value decomposition features (SVD) extracted from wavelet coefficients were used as inputs for neural network classifier to predict amputee's movement intentions. The whole training rate was up to 80.94% and the test rate was 56.87% without over-training. This result gives inspiring prospect that collective signals from fascicules of the three main nerves are feasible sources for controlling prosthesis. Ways for improving accuracy in developing prosthesis controlled by neuro signals are discussed in the end.
Amputation ; Amputees ; Artificial Limbs ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Movement ; physiology ; Muscles ; innervation ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical and chest X-ray features of SARS in children to facilitate correct diagnosis.

METHODSClinical manifestations and chest X-ray findings in five children suffering from SARS admitted for treatment in the hospital between February and May, 2003 in Shenzhen area were analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed by epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological examinations. Among the 5 cases, 1 was a boy and the others were girls at the age of 4 to 13 years.

RESULTSOf the 5 SARS children, 3 presented a history of close contact with SARS patients. Fever was the initiative symptom, 4 had a body temperature of over 38 degrees C with the highest being 40 degrees C; fever sustained from 4 to 7 days with an average of 5.6 days. All the 5 cases developed nonproductive cough; on auscultation, both moist and dry rales could be heard in 3 out of the 5 cases. Mean total white count of peripheral blood was (2.96 - 6.9) x 10(9)/L, and was < 5.0 x 10(9)/L in 4 cases. SARS associated coronavirus specific RNA fragment was found positive by RT-PCR in 1 case; 1 case was positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies to the virus; 1 case was positive for only IgM antibody and another 2 cases were positive for only IgG antibody. IgG and IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae as well as blood culture for bacteria were all negative. Findings on chest X-ray examination: 4 cases showed presence of patchy or macular opacities with cord-like shadows in unilateral lung plates while 1 case each showed ground-glass-like opacity and migratory changes; 1 case showed interstitial changes in the lungs in the form of irregular reticular lattice and cord-like shadows. Two cases received CT scanning and macular-patchy or spotty shadows were seen all over the lung. The shortest time for absorption of foci in the lungs was 7 days while the longest was 33 days with a mean of 15 +/- 6 days. None of the cases had any signs of fibrosis in the lungs. All the 5 cases were completely cured and discharged 7 to 40 days (mean 18 +/- 11 days) after admission.

CONCLUSIONCompared with adult cases with SARS, children with SARS had milder symptoms and signs. Presence of unilateral patchy shadow in lungs represented the main chest X-ray findings.

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Immunoglobulin M ; analysis ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features of unexpected sudden death (SUD) clustered in families in Yunnan province.

METHODSThis retrospective study analyzed the clinical features of SUD occurred between July to September 2005 in 7 families in Yunnan province.

RESULTSAll 16 SUD patients shared common clinical features such as fatigue and repeated syncope and one group of SUD patients (n = 8 from 4 families) presented with the gastric intestinal tract manifestations including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea with suspected dietary history and abnormal laboratory enzyme findings (GOT/GPT, CK/CKMB, LDH/LDH1 etc.). In SUD patients without gastric intestinal tract manifestations (n = 8 from 3 families), there were no clear symptoms before death and repeated ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were recorded in one survivor. There was no clear evidence for the involvements of hereditary and infectious factors for observed SUD.

CONCLUSIONThe reason for the unexpected sudden death clustered in 7 families in Yunnan remains unclear. Repeated syncope and fatigue served as the common clinical features in the presence or absence of gastric intestinal tract manifestations in all SUD cases. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathology and detailed clinical manifestations of SUD occurred in this area.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bias ; Cause of Death ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Death, Sudden ; epidemiology ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to analyze the electrocardiographic features of the people living in the area with high incidence of unexplained sudden deaths in Yunnan province.

METHODThe electrocardiograms of 338 residents from three villages (Dayao, Ninglang, Heqing) with high incidence of unexplained sudden deaths and one control village (Dali) were analyzed [averaged age was (33.4 +/- 11.7) years, 175 men and 163 women].

RESULTSThe incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was similar low in all groups. The left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 34.6% of residents from Dayao. QTc significantly prolonged in the residents from all 3 high incidence areas compare the control area of Dali [control (386.8 +/- 27.22) ms, Ninglang (428.92 +/- 25.71) ms, Heqing (440.67 +/- 28.03) ms, Dayao (417.7 +/- 24.00) ms, P < 0.05 vs. control]. Incidence of U wave was significantly higher in Heqing village than that in control village (P < 0.05). The QUc of these 3 villages was: (613.67 +/- 37.34) ms, (597.19 +/- 46.47) ms, (608.59 +/- 39.59) ms respectively, and also significantly longer than the control village of Dali (589.33 +/- 41.27) ms (P < 0.05). The typical pattern of U wave presents as enlarged U wave and apparent T-U complex. In the 7 residents who have the family history of unexplained sudden death, 6 residents have U wave, and 4 of them present typical U wave pattern.

CONCLUSIONThe significant ECG changes in villages with high incidence of unexplained sudden death in Yunnan province were prolonged QTc, enlarged U wave and apparent T-U complex and these ECG features suggested the repolarization abnormalities of the heart in these subjects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Death, Sudden ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Electrocardiography ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought great challenges to the traditional medical model. During the outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China, from March to May, 2022, there was a significant increase in the number of pediatric cases due to high transmissibility, immune escape, and vaccine breakthrough capacity of Omicron variants. The designated hospitals for children with COVID-19 served as a connecting link between children's specialized hospitals and mobile cabin hospitals. From April 7 to June 2, 2022, a total of 871 children with COVID-19 were admitted to Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (South Branch), a designated hospital for children with COVID-19. Among these patients, 568 (65.2%) were children under 3 years old, 870 (99.9%) were mild or moderate, and 1 was severe. This article reports the experience in the management of pediatric cases in this designated hospital, which included the following aspects: establishing an optimal case-admission process; strengthening multidisciplinary standardized diagnosis and treatment; optimizing the management, warning, and rescue system for severe COVID-19; implementing family-centered nursing care; formulating an individualized traditional Chinese medicine treatment regimen; optimizing the discharge process and strengthening bed turnover; implementing strict whole-process control to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection; constructing a structured medical record system and using information platforms to adapt to the work mode of large-volume cases; conducting scientific research and sharing the experience in diagnosis and treatment.
COVID-19 ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: From July 2007 to June 2017, a total of 8 155 adult subjects, including 6 484 males and 1 671 females, aged 18-90 (43.13±12.28), body mass index 14.61~59.56 (25.59±3.98) kg/m²,who were admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology head and Neck surgery of The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent polysomnography and biochemical tests. Subjects were divided into four groups (non-OSA, mild OSA, moderate OSA, and severe OSA) according to OSA severity. The prevalence of MS was expressed as percentage, and the correlation between OSA and MS and its characteristic pathophysiological indicators was evaluated by logistic regression model after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, BMI, neck circumference, hip circumference, smoking and alcohol consumption, and was expressed by odds ratio (OR). SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of MS was 43.6%, and that of non-/mild/moderate/severe OSA group was 18.6%, 30.4%, 43.8%, 57.1%.Logistic regression showed that patients with mild/moderate/severe OSA had an increased risk of MS compared with non-OSA patients, with adjusted OR values and confidence intervals of 1.27 (1.05-1.54), 1.84 (1.53-2.22), and 2.08 (1.76-2.46), respectively (P<0.01).In addition, indicators of OSA anoxic burden [oxygen drop index(T_oxygen=7.1), minimum blood oxygen(T_minimum=56.3), blood oxygen saturation below 90% cumulative time ratio (T_CT90=10.6) ]were closely associated with MS disease(P<0.01), but sleep fragmentation index (arousals index) was not significantly associated with MS disease. Conclusion: The risk of MS gradually increases with the severity of OSA, and the indicators reflecting OSA hypoxia burden are closely related to MS disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen Saturation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Young Adult