OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Paeonia lactiflora. METHODS:The surface figure made by mixed uniform design combined with the quadratic polynomial stepwise regression equation is adopted to optimize the extraction technology of P. lactiflora by using the content of paeoniflorin as index,with extraction solvent,the amount of extraction solvent, extraction time,extraction times as factors. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology of P. lactiflora was as follows as 90%ethanol,12-folds extraction solvent,extracting for 150 min,extracting for 2 times. The measured value of 3 validation tests were 2.848 4%,2.795 7%,2.841 9%(RSD=0.82%,n=3),which was close to the predicted value 2.848 4%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is convenient and accurate,and can be used for the extraction of P. lactiflora.

Objective To construct the serine protease gene(sprE)mutant and to study the pathogenicity of sprE gene of Enterococcus faecalis.Methods Recombinant suicide vector pCQ001 of Enterococcus faecalis with pTX4577,was constructed.Then,created isogenic sprE-deficient mu- tant(*sprE)by allelic replacement was constructed.Moreover,the growth ability and the virulence of the mutant were compared with those of the wide type in vitro and in vivo respectively.A mouse peritonitis model and a rabbit endocarditis model were utilized in the study.Results The *sprE was selected by kanamycin and identified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),pulsed field gel electropho- resis(PFGE)and Southern blot.The evidences showed that the sprE gene had a major role in helping bacteria to resist the elevated temperature and oxidative stress.The virulence of mutant decreased af- ter sprE gene was knocked out.Conclusions The *sprE of Enterococcus faecalis is constructed suc- cessfully,sprE gene is important in the pathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis,which probably is a major virulence factor of Enterococcus faecali.

Animals ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Female ; Gravidity ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy

The spores suspension of Streptomyces roseosporus D-38 irritated with 20mW He-Ne laser for 20 min were incubated on G1 medium plates containing 1. 9?g/mL of streptomycin. Ten percent of mutants increased the potency of daptomycin by streptomycin-resistance method, including the mutant LC-54, which could produce daptomycin 81. 2 mg/L, which was 39% higher than that of the beginning strain by flask fermentation.

Objective To observe the influence of nandrolone phenylpropionate(NP) on the ultrastructure of aorta in rats with or without movement training,and investigate the side effects of NP on the cardiovascular system. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into sedentary control group,sedentary+medicine group,exercise control group and exercise+medicine group.For the groups with medical treatment,NP of 10 mg/kg one time every three days was injected into the rats via gluteus for eight weeks.For the exercise groups,rats were trained to run on treadmill five days per week for eight weeks.The aortae were sampled and specimens were obtained for transmission electron microscopy. Results The ultrastructure of aorta was normal in sedentary control group.For sedentary+medicine group,mitochondrial swelling,vacuolated cytoplasm and lysis of endothelial cells were observed,disruption of intercellular conjunctions,widening of subendothelial spaces and furcation and breakage of internal elastic lamina were found,and smooth muscle cells changed into synthesis type.For exercise control group,no obvious morphologic change was observed,except that part of the internal elastic lamina disrupted.In exercise+medicine group,breakage and lysis of endothelial cells were observed,widening of subendothelial spaces and lysis of internal elastic lamina were found,and autophagosome and myelinoid body were seen in smooth muscle cells. Conclusion NP may lead to the impairment of endothelial cells and the change of smooth muscle cells into synthesis type.Exercise with NP administration may result in more severe impairment in vessel wall.

Objective To observe the metabolism and distribution of arsenic in liver and brain of offspring rata by exposure to arsenic of pregnant rats or lactation dams and weaned pups,and explore if arsenic could penetrate the placental barrier,lactation barrier and blood brain barrier. Methods The Wistar female rots were randomly divided into four groups according to body weights,12 in each group,and were fed with drinking water that contained arsenic(NaAsO_2) 0,10,50,100 mg/L beginning from the gestafional day 6 until pups 42 days old. Pups were separately sacrificed on postnatal day(PND) 0,15,28,42. Arsenic in liver and brain of offspring rots and in breast milk was examined by atomic absorption speetrophotometer with an arsenic speeiation pretreatment system. Results Concentration of iAs,MMA,DMA of brain in 50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[0,0,0,(7.3±6.6),0,(44.2±27.4)ng/g]on PND 0,42[iAs: (120.0±46.0),(195.5±125.3),(216.5±278.4),(176.6±151.8) ng/g; M MA: (47.2±18.1),(199.6±389.1),(47.4±55.2),(82.7±79.2) ng/g; DMA: (984.3±377.4),(2222.1±1433.2),(998.1±368.3),(1781.3±715.7)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of DMA of brain in 50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(13.9±18.1),(50.6±98.3)ng/g]on PND 15,28 [(270.3±73.1),(323.9±72.7),(758.7±245.9),(1020.6±383.6) ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of iAs,DMA of liver in 10,50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group [(1.4±3.5),(49.7± 47.1),0,(100.4±30.2)ng/g]on PND 28,42 [iAs: (37.5±28.1),(268.8±246.4),(307.2±339.9),(15.4±9.4),(479.1±161.1),(408.4±51.9)ng/g;DMA: (594.5±148.8),(3181.9±519.0),(4834.2±2568.4),(1061.8± 85.2),(3697.1±553.7),(4120.0±732.8) ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of DMA of liver in 10,50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(13.2±20.5)ng/g]on PND 15[(182.0±60,2),(637.6±90.0),(1458.7±196.3)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of arsenicals of liver and brain showed a dose-dependent increase. The concentrations of DMA of breast milk in 50,100 mg/L groups were also higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(9.8±13.4),0 ng/g]on PND 0,15 [(182.3±85.9),(372.2±203.9),(124.2±33.1),(244.4±196.5)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. In the analysis of the change of arsenic on different postnatal day,we found the concentration of iAs,MMA,DMA,TMA in liver and brain of pups all decreased on postnatal day 15,and was lower than that on PND 0,28 and 42. Conclusions The distribution of arsenic and methyl-metabolism in liver and brain of pups is related with arsenic exposure dose. Arsenic can penetrate the placenta and blood brain barrier easily and lactation can hinder arsenic intake in some extent.

OBJECTIVETo study the rehabilitation effects ergometry on COPD patients.

METHODSThirty COPD out-patients in our Hospital were randomly divided into 2 groups. Rehabilitation group, 15 patients, performed leg ergometry exercise of 80% peak Watt x 30min/d x 3d/w x 12w. Another 15 patients were control group without exercise. All patients received conventional therapy. Pulmonary function testing (PFT), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), Borg and CAT sores were done at both baseline and 12 w.

RESULTSThere was no statistically difference in lung function testing, blood gas analysis and cardiopulmonary exercise test when pre- exercises between 2 sub-groups. The IC, peak VO2 and peak, W of rehabilitation group significantly increased (P < 0.05); and Borg and CAT.scores significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from baseline; and other PFT and ABG did not change (P > 0.05). While there was no difference in control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLeg submaximal ergometry rehabilitation improves health condition and ameliorate dyspnea symptoms in COPD patients.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; surgery ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; surgery

Objective To observe the changes of respiratory and hemodynamic functions in children with different age undergoing laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication(LNF). Methods Thirty-three children with LNF were divided into three groups according to the age: group Ⅰ,1 to 12 months,n=13;group Ⅱ,1 to 3 years old,n=10;and group Ⅲ,4 to 7 years,n=10.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure,Ppeak,compliance of the respiratory system(CRS) and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure(PETCO2) were recorded 5 min before pneumoperitoneum(T0),10 min(T1),60 min(T2) after pneumoperitoneum and 10 min after deflation(T3),and parameters of blood gas analysis such as PaCO2 were measured at the same time. Results Compared with those at T0,HR,Ppeak,PETCO2 and the difference between PaCO2 and PETCO2(Pa-ETCO2)were significantly increased at T1 and T2,while CRS was significantly decreased.The most significant changes were found in group Ⅰ. Conclusion The changes of respiratory and hemodynamic functions are observed in children undergoing LNF,and anesthesia management should be enhanced for those within 1 to 12 months old who experience the most significant changes.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of 23G vs 20G pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV ) combined with internal limiting membrane peeling, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for macular epiretinal membrane with cataract. ·METHODS: Totally 45 eyes of 45 patients with macular epiretinal membrane and cataract were enrolled in this retrospective non-randomized controlled clinical study. All eyes were treated with PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. There were 20 eyes in 23G PPV group, and 25 eyes in 20G PPV group. The best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure (IOP), counting of corneal endothelial cells ( CEC) and central retinal thickness ( CRT ) were examined before surgery. BCVA results were converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution ( LogMAR ) visual acuity. All operations were performed by the same doctor. Operation time for vitrectomy and membrane peeling, average ultrasound energy ( AVE) and effective phacoemulsification time ( EPT ) were recorded. BCVA and CRT were observed postoperatively at 30d and 90d, counting of CEC was observed postoperatively at 90d. IOP was observed postoperatively at 1d and 7d. ·RESULTS:The mean operation time for vitrectomy were 12. 57± 1. 35min in 23G group and 17. 30 ± 1. 19min in 20G group. The difference was statistically significant ( t =-12. 488, P<0. 01). There were no statistical significances in operation time for membrane peeling, AVE and EPT between 23G and 20G groups ( t=-0. 68,-1. 186,-0. 737, P=0. 500, 0. 242,0. 465). On 1d after surgery, IOP in 23G group was lower than that in 20G group, the difference was statistically significant (t= -2. 345, P=0. 024). The BCVA and CRT of the two groups both improved after operations. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in terms of IOP, BCVA, and CRT ( F = 0. 465, 1. 895, 0. 689; P = 0. 499, 0. 176, 0. 411). IOP, BCVA and CRT were significant statistical different in different time-point within each group ( F=291. 245, 103. 06, 665. 402, P<0. 01 ). Different surgical methods of 23G and 20G had interactive effects on IOP with different time points ( F = 13. 245, P<0. 01 ), but different surgeries had no interactive effects on BCVA and CRT with different time points (F=1. 212, 2. 293;P=0. 283, 0. 129). The counting CEC in 23G group was more than that in 20G group postoperatively at 90d, the difference was statistically significant (t=2. 049, P=0. 048). ·CONCLUSION: The 23G PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling, phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation for macular epiretinal membrane with cataract is effective. Compared with 20G PPV, 23G PPV has advantages in operation time for vitrectomy and counting CEC. But lower IOP is likely in 23G PPV on 1d after surgery