Purpose:To compare the sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytokeratin test with voided urine cytology in detection of bladder cancer and to evaluate their clinical values. Methods:For 136 patients suspected to have bladder cancer urinary concentrations cytokeratin 8 and 18 and cytology were conducted in the same voided urine samples. Of them 87 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma were confirmed histologically The sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytokeratin and urine cytology were analyzed. 49 patients without bladder cancer were selected as control.Results:The overall sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytokeratin test were 70.1% and 73.3%,respctively ,those of urine cytology were (42.5%) and 83.7%, respectively, there was no significant difference between the specificity of urine cytology and that of urinary cytokeratin test ;however, urinary cytokeratin was significantly more sensitive than urine cytology in detection of any stages and grades of bladder cancer (P

Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To estimate the clinic features of severe multiple trauma with secondary thrombocytosis as a factor influencing the prognosis.Methods A retrospective single-center study was carried out in 680 patients with severe multiple trauma survived longer than 72 hours in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from March 2010 through March 2013.The variables including age,gender,ISS (injury severity score),APACHE Ⅱ score,splenectomy and the usages of vasopressors,blood products transfusion,hematopoietic medicines and anticoagulant were analyzed.The prognosis indices including total in-hospital mortality after 72 hours,length of hospital stay and morbidity of thrombo-embolism were explored.The clinic characteristics and prognosis of severe multiple trauma with secondary thrombocytosis (platelet count more than 450 × 109 L-1) were evaluated.T test or rank sum test was used for comparison between measurement data and Chi-square test or Fisher' s exact test was used for comparison between enumeration data.Results Thrombocytosis was identified in 99 (14.56％) patients and it occurred one week after injury with median time of 27 days (ranged from 8 days to 304 days),and maintained for (18.62±4.38) d.The median of platelet count was 584 × 109 L-1 (lowest 478 × 109 L-1,highest 1 072 × 109 L-1) in severe multiple trauma patients with thrombocytosis.The proportions of splenectomy,prolonged use of vasopressors and employment of hematopoietic medicines or anticoagulant were significantly higher in patients with thrombocytosis than those in patients without thrombocytosis (14.14％ vs.7.06％,P=0.03;62.63％ vs.39.07％,P＜0.01; 28.28％ vs.6.71％,P＜0.01; 90.91％ vs.19.45％,P＜ 0.01).The highest D-Dimer level presenting in patients with thrombocytosis during the time of platelet increasing was significantly more common than that in patients of non-thrombocytosis group 7 days after trauma [(11.68 ± 11.90) vs.(5.05 ± 5.11),P =0.004].However,the mortality,length of hospital stay and morbidity of thrombo-embolism were not significantly increased in patients with thrombocytosis compared with patients without thrombocytosis [8.08％ vs.8.78％,P=0.82; 34 d (28.5,54.5) d vs.45 d (23,67) d,P =0.41; 10.10％ vs.10.50％,P =0.91].Conclusion There was a higher rate of secondary thrombocytosis in severe multiple trauma patients.The factors such as splenectomy,vasopressors,hematopoietic medicines and so on might induce the reactive thrombocytosis in trauma patients.Thrombocytosis might increase the incidence of thromboembolism in severe multiple trauma patients without appropriate prophylactic anticoagulation.For the sake of prophylaxis,employment of anti-platelet agent might be the appropriately therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from severe multiple trauma with secondary thrombocytosis accompanying risk factors of arterial thrombo-embolism.

A case of mercury-induced Baboon syndrome is reported.A 31-year-old female presented with a 2-3 day history of pruritic symmetric erythematous papules on both axillas,popliteal fossa,buttocks and groins.The patient was exposed to a broken mercury thermometer two days before the onset of the eruption.Patch testing showed that the patient was sensitive to ammoniated mercury,mercury,mercuric chloride and mercurochrome.The mercury levels in serum and full blood reached the up limit of normal value three days after the onset,and gradually decreased over time.The patient was diagnosed with Baboon syn- drome caused by mercury according to the clinical manifestation and results from laboratory studies.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease caused by various factors,such as environmental factor,inherited factor,etc.,and its cause isn't very clear now. This study aims to investigate the risk factors mentioned above in the onset of diabetes mellitus, and is of significance in the first and second grade of prevention of diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus to provide evidence for the proper intervention of it.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on diagnosis.SETTING: Department of epidemiology in a university and department of endocrinology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: The subjects were residents who have resided in town and country of Dalian for more than 5 years and were elder than 40 years old. The method of stratified cluster random sampling was carried out among natural persons who were divided into two groups according to city and country. Totally 2 500 persons were taken in total and 1 250 persons were from each group. The subjects who had been diagnosed as diabetes mellitus were included.METHODS: Questionnaire survey was employed for all the subjects, including physical examinations such as height,weight,waist girth,hip girth,blood pressure,blood glucose,etc. Patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus were taken as the case group and the normal was as the control group. The unconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Unconditional logistic regression analysis of risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus with single factor analysis and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Family history of diabetes mellitus(OR = 2.339),obesity[body mass index(BMI),OR = 1.462],systolic pressure(OR = 1.016),hyperlipidemia(OR = 1.615), age(OR = 1.043) were the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION: Family history of diabetes mellitus, increase of systolic pressure,obesity,high blood lipid and age are the risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. For all communities,control of body mass and high blood pressure is an important way to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVETo establish osteoblast model, primary cilla model was removed by chloral hyrate, observe effects of osteoblast primary cilla moved on enhancing ALP staining and calcified nodules staining in electromagnetic field.

METHODSThree 3-day-old male SD rats weighed between 6 and 9 g were killed, cranial osteoblast was drawed and adherencing cultured respectively. Cells were subcultured and randomly divided into 4 groups until reach to fusion states. The four groups included chloral hydrate non-involved group (control group), 2 mM, 4 mM and 8 mM chloral hydrate group, and cultured in 37 °C, 5% CO2 incubator for 72 h. Morphology of primary cilla was observed by laser confocal scanning microscope, and incidence of osteoblast primary cilia was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Cells in the correct concentration group which can removed cillia most effectively were selected and divided into 3 groups, including control group (C), Electromagnetic fields group (EMFs), and EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group. DMEM nutrient solution contained 10%FBS were added into three groups and cultured for 9 days and formation of ALP were observed by histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase. After 12 days' cultivation, formation of mineralization nodes was observed by alizarin red staining.

RESULTSCompared with control group and 2mM chloral hydrate group,4 mM chloral hydrate group could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilla (P<0.01). Removal of osteoblast primary cilla could weaken the formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast in EMFS. Compared with EMFs group, the area of ALP and mineralization nodes in EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group were decreased obviously (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION4mM chloral hydrate could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilia. Primary cilla participate in EMFs promoting formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast and provide new ideas for exploring mechanism of EMFs promoting osteoblast maturation and mineralization.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloral Hydrate ; pharmacology ; Cilia ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe (BSATR) and its two components (Bushen recipe, and Huoxue recipe) on endometrial morphology during peri-implantation in superovulated mice. Mice were randomly divided into five groups, including the normal (N), model (M), Bushen (BS), Huoxue (HX) and Bu-Shen-An-Tai (BH) groups. The uteri were collected on day 4 of pregnancy, and the endometrium thickness, microvessel density (MVD) and number of pinopodes observed. Compared with the M group, the endometrial thickness in the BS, HX and BH groups was significantly increased and there was a significant difference in endometrial thickness between the BS and the BH groups. The mean MVD was significantly lower in the M group than in the N group, and there was a significant increase in MVD in the BS, HX and BH groups as compared with the M group. Compared with the M group, the pinopode scores in the endometrium were significantly increased in the HX and BH groups; and the BS group had significantly higher pinipode scores than the HX and BH groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the recipes (Bushen, Huoxue and BSATR) could improve the endometrial environment by regulating the endometrial thickness, MVD and the number of pinopodes at the window of implantation. Moreover, the Huoxue recipe and the BSATR were more efficient than the Bushen recipe, with the BSATR tending to have the most beneficial effects.

BACKGROUNDArthritogenic T lymphocytes with common T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta clonotypes, infiltrating in the articulars of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, play a central role in the pathogenesis of RA. TCR Vbeta5.2 and TCR Vbeta8.2 are the main pathogenic T cell clonotypes in the course of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) progression in Lewis rats. To investigate a TCR-based immunotherapy for RA, we constructed recombinant DNA vaccines encoding TCR Vbeta5.2 and TCR Vbeta8.2, and evaluated the inhibitive effects of the two vaccines on CIA rats.

METHODSGenes encoding TCR Vbeta5.2 and TCR Vbeta8.2 were amplified by RT-PCR from spleen lymphocytes of Lewis rats and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pTargeT. The expression of vaccines was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The inhibitive effects of the vaccines on articulars of CIA rats were assessed with arthritis index evaluation and histology. Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-4 production by spleen lymphocytes were tested with enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) technique, the changes in peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte populations were tested by flow cytometry, and the level of anti-CII antibody in serum was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSRecombinant DNA vaccines pTargeT-TCR Vbeta5.2 and pTargeT-pTCR Vbeta8.2 were successfully constructed. Both vaccines inhibited CIA, which alleviated the arthritis index score (P < 0.05), decreased the level of IFN-gamma (P < 0.05), and reduced the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and the anti-CII antibody in serum (P < 0.05). In addition, the histological change in DNA-vaccinated rats was less serious than CIA rats. Compared to pTCR Vbeta 8.2 and pTCR Vbeta 5.2 groups, the group that was injected with a combination of the two vaccines showed stronger inhibitive effects on CIA than either individual vaccine.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant plasmids pTargeT-TCR Vbeta5.2 and pTargeT-TCR Vbeta8.2 have obvious inhibatory effects on CIA rats and better effects could be achieved when the vaccines were used in combination.

Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Muscles ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccines, DNA ; pharmacology

Actins ; metabolism ; Adenomyoepithelioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Aged ; Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

Background During the past two decades, a number of rating scales were developed to facilitate diagnosis and assessment of subjects with social anxiety disorder. One of the most commonly used scales for the assessment of social anxiety disorder is the Liebowitz social anxiety scale (LSAS). The LSAS is widely used in epidemiologic investigations and clinical researches,and its assessment in the pharmacotherapy efficacy for social anxiety disorder is superior to any other scale. So we designed this study to explore the validity and reliability of the LSAS in Chinese patients with social anxiety disorder and normal control, and to find the difference of the scores between the patients self -report version and clinician-administered version. Methods Fifty five patients meeting the DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder and 168 normal controls who were screened from 222 college students were rated by LSAS, social phobia scale and self-made General Information Forms. Results The Cronbath α of LSAS for the patients and the normal controls was 0.83 and 0.77, respectively. The 4-week test-retest reliability for total scores and its factors scores of LSAS in 31 normal controls were ranging from 0.68 to 0.79. The ROC area under curve value in discriminating the patients from normal controls was 0.87±0.03; the total score of 35 was considered to be the best cut-off score for LSAS, then its sensitivity was 0.77 and its specificity was 0.81; and no significant difference between the self-report version and clinician-administered version. Conclusions The LSAS is good in internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and has high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating the patients and the controls. There is no significant difference in the total score and each factor scores of LSAS between self-report version and clinician-administered version.