We investigated and analyzed the first case of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus in Yunnan Province,China,so as to provide a better basis for preventing and controlling human infections with viruses of animal origin in the future.We carried out the field epidemiological survey among the patient,close contacts and the live poultry markets,detected and analyzed the samples from patient and the outdoor environment.Results showed that the 9-month-old boy was a case of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus with the history of live poultry markets exposure and the results of nucleic acid detection and virus isolation.There was a lot of contamination of the avian influenza virus in the live poultry markets.The second generation cases have not occurred.The monitoring of pneumonia of unknown etiology and influenza like cases in medical institutions is the important means to find timely cases of human infected with avian influenza.Regular disinfection and closing-down of live poultry markets are key measures to reduce the exposure opportunity.

Objective To investigate the differences in dosimetry between conformal radiotherapy (CRT),field-in-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FIF-IMRT),and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after breast-conserving surgery for left-sided breast cancer.Methods A total of 31 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for left-sided breast cancer were randomly selected,and the plans for CRT,FIF-IMRT,and IMRT were developed.The dose-volume histogram (DVH) was used for self-control study,and the non-parametric test was used to compare the differences in target volume and doses to organs at risk (OARs).Results All the three methods met the requirements of the prescribed doses.The CRT group had a higher V105 of the target volume and higher heart V30 and Dmax (P=0.000,0.000,0.000).The IMRT group had higher V5 and Dmean (P=0.000,0.000),as well as a higher lung V5 and a lower lung V40 (P=0.000,0.000).The FIF-IMRT group had the lowest Dmean (P=0.000),and the IMRT group had significantly higher Dmean and Dmax of the right lung and the spinal cord than the other two groups (P=0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000).The FIF-IMRT group had a significantly lower single hop count than the other two groups (P=0.000).Conclusions CRT has a good dose distribution in the target volume,but greatly injures the surrounding tissues.FIF-IMRT can well protect OARs and cause less damage to the device.

Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of iatrogenic retinal breaks in eyes undergoing pars plana vit- rectomy for idiopathic macular pucker.Design Retrospective case series.Participant 88 consecutive vitrectomies performed on eyes with idiopathic macular pucker.Method Consecutive vitrectomies performed on eyes with idiopathic macular pucker at Beijing Tongren Eye Center between 2002 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.Cases with iatrogenic retinal breaks were recorded and analyzed. Main Outcome Measure Number and location of retinal breaks,and anatomic outcome after surgical managements.Result A total of 88 consecutive vitrectomies were included in the study.Of the 88 eyes,8 eyes had 14 iatrogenic retinal breaks detected,with an aver- age incidence of 9.1%.Peripheral retinal breaks(8.0%)were more common than posterior retinal breaks(1.1%).All peripheral retinal breaks occurred around the selerotomy sites(100%)and the quadrant of predominant hand was involved most commonly(62%).Most of the breaks(88%)were detected during the surgery.All eyes with iatrogenic retinal breaks obtained anatomic retinal reattachment (100%).Conclusion Despite improvements in instrumentation and surgical techniques,iatrogenic retinal break continues to be an im- portant complication of pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with idiopathic macular pucker.This complication tends to occur more commonly at peripheral retina and is mainly selerotomy-related.

Objective To evaluate the effect of errorless learning on memory processes.Methods Eight- y-four participants were randomly divided into three groups:a group which received computer-assisted memory train- ing (CAMG,n=30) ,a therapist-administered memory training group (TAMG,n=24) and a control group (CG,n =30).A 20-session training course with a Chinese cultural background was tailor-made for Chinese subjects with memory disorders.It was administered over the course of one month to the test groups with a similar course structure and content but different delivery modes.The control group had no training.The Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test- Chinese Version (RBMT-CV) and the Hong Kong List Learning Test (HKLLT) were used to assess memory ability and process at the start and end of the training,and one month later.A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare differences across the three groups.Results Comparing pre-training with post-training and follow- up,RBMT-CV and HKLLT scores improved significantly.The CAMG group demonstrated better progress encoding and storage on the HKLLT (including the random and blocked conditions) than the TAMG group.Conclusions Errorless learning is likely to be an effective technique for improving memory function in patients with traumatic brain injury.Its effects last for at least one month.Computer-administered training was more effective than therapist-admin- istered face to face training,especially in improving encoding and storage memory processes.

Objective To evaluate neurofunctional and radiographic results of transpedicular screw fixation reduction and anterior column fixation with use of screw-red system in treatment of multiple segment lumbar pedicle and vertebral body fractures combined with spondylolisthesis. Methods A consecutive series of 12 patients with unstable multiple segment lumbar pedicle fracture, vertebral body fracture, spondylolisthesis and neurologic deficit were managed with posterior transpedicular screw fixation including fractured pedicle and anterior screw-rod fixation instrumentation from January 2002 to December 2007. Results Patients were followed up for 24-30 months (mean 26 months). All the patients with incomplete neurologic deficits got improvement by at least one Frankel grade. Transpedicular screw brought satisfactory reduction. At the time of the latest follow-up, no screw breakage occurred. Con-clusions Excellent reduction of unstable multiple segment lumbar pedicle fractures combined with spon-dylolisthesis can attain better reduction and maintenance by means of selective pedicle screw fixation via fractured pedicle and anterior screw-rod instrument.

This study was aimed to explore the characteristics of urine metabolomics among HIV/AIDS patients with spleen-lung qi-deficiency. H-NMR technique was combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis in the comparison of urine metabolic products among 24 HIV/AIDS cases with spleen-lung qi-deficiency and 20 healthy control cases. The results showed that urine metabolic products of HIV/AIDS patients with spleen-lung qi-deficiency and healthy people by H-NMR technique detection and PLS-DA analysis can classify the outline of urine metabolites. There were about 20 variables in the difference between two groups. The speculated substances contained glycyl-L-leucine, L-valine, α-aminobutyric acid, methyl succinic acid, glycine propionyl, and etc. It was concluded that H-NMR technique was able to classify the outline of urine metabolites between HIV/AIDS cases with spleen-lung qi-deficiency and healthy people. Part of the potential existed characteristic markers contributed to the clinical diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of AIDS. It had certain effect in its quantitative analysis.

The contents of two lignans, namely 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxin in cultivated and wild Sinopodophyllum hexandrum plants were extracted by ultrasonicaction and determined by HPLC. According to the result showed, the order of parts of cultivated plants containing 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: stem > root, no 4'-demethypodophyllotoxin was detected in leaves of cultivated plants; The order of parts of wild plants 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: lateral root > petiole > rhizome > leaf, no 4'-demethypodophyllotoxin was detected in fruit. The order of parts of cultivated and wild S. hexandrum containing podophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: root > petiole > leaf ( > fruit). Both of the lignan contents in different parts of cultivated plant varied in a " W" curve with the changes in seasons, with the highest content in July.
Berberidaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Seasons

Objective To investigate the distribution of high-arsenic drinking water in Honghu city of Hubei province in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease.Methods Investigations were made in 22 townships(towns,districts),68 natural villages of the drainage areas of the Dongjing River,the Neijing River and the Yangtse River in 2006 and 2007,with the townships(towns,districts)around Shahu town in Xiantao city as the focal point.1000 water samples were drawn each year,which was 10% of all the wells in every natural village.Using sampling investigation,water arsenic Was determined by half-quantitative fast reagent kit.All samples of water with arsenic exceeding the standard(≥0.03 mg/L)were re-determined according to state standard.Surveys on the disease was carried out in the villages(brigades)where arsenic exceeded the standard.Results A total of 2000 samples were surveyed from 68 natural villages,of which there were 401 samples from 48 villages exceeding the standard in a rate of 20.05%(401/2000).The highest arsenic content Was 0.71 mg/L.The high arsenic water sources were distributed mainy in the drainage areas of the Dongjing River and the Neijing River,but no patients with endemic arsenic disease were found.Conclusions The high arsenic water sources are distributed mainly in the drainage areas of the Dongjing River and the Neijing River.It is suggested that the interrelated government departments should take precise measures to impmve the quality of drinking water and ensure safe water to the residents in high arsenic areas.

Objective To investigate the mutation of hemagglutinin gene and amino acid variation of influenza B.Methods Influenza B virus was isolated from throat swab samples in sentinel surveillance of Yunnan province from 2009 to 2014.HA1 gene sequence analysis was applied to determine 12 randomly-selected strains of influenza B virus.The results were analyzed,MEGA software was used to do homology comparison and HA gene phylogenetic tree was established.Results Differences on the serotype and genotype identification of influenza strains were found and it might be caused by inadequate gene mutation accumulation.Amino acid variations were found in 3 important regions of antigenic determinants in HA1 protein:ring 120,ring 150 and ring 160.The amino acid variation of position 131 in ring 120 was N131K,and in position 137 was N137H.Two strains had P187S mutation in position 187.Conclusion There are some important variations in the hemagglutinin gene of influenza B strains in Yunnan Province,with some variations being the same as vaccine strains and some being not.

To analyze influenza pathogen spectrum in Yunnan province during 2009-2014 years, and analyze HA and NA genes of influenza A H1N1. Analysis was made on the monitoring date of influenza cases in Yunnan province in recent 6 years, 23 strains of influenza virus of HA and NA gene was sequenced and analyzed by MEGA 5 software to construct phylogenetic tree. 4 times of influenza AH1N1 epidemic peak were monitored from 2009-2014 years in Yunnan Province, as the nucleic acid detection results of influenza A H1N1 accounted for 28.8% of the total. The sequencing result showed that HA and NA gene were divided into 3 groups, one was detected with H275Y mutation strains. Influenza A H1N1 is one of the important subtypes in Yunnan province and their genes have divided into three branches during the period of 2009-2014 years, the vast majority of influenza a H1N1 are still sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors.
China ; epidemiology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism