Objective To evaluate the value of utility of bronchoscopy in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with Bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Bronchoscopy was conducted to 65 AIDS patients with bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis in the first hospital of Changsha. The patients’ bronchoalveolar lavage fluid through the electronic bronchoscopy, mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture, brushings and biopsy pathology were analyzed.Results 65 cases, bronchoscope alveolar lavage lfuid smear positive acid-fast stain 14 cases (21.54%), BAL mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive 20 cases (30.76%), a bronchoscope brush positive 24 cases (36.92%), 35 cases of bronchoscopy biopsy, according to the performance under the bronchoscope positive 21 cases (60.00%), bronchoscopy combined different methods conifrmed 43 cases (66.15%).Conclusions Bronchoscopy in AIDS with bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, it has important application value.

Objective:To establish an experimental model for intracellular antibacteria and endotoxin neutralization in vitro to detect the antibacterial and endotoxin neutralization activity of the muBPI_(25) protein.Methods: RAW264.7 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)muBPI_(36-259), and then were infected with intracellular bacterial of either G ~+/G~-to establish the experimental model of intracellalar antibacteria.The RAW264.7 cells were co-transfected with the pSecTag2B-muBPI_(36-259) and dual-luciferase reporter gene plasmids for establishment of the experimental model of endotoxin neutralization.Results:The experimental model of intracellular antibacteria confirmed that the muBPI_(25) protein could inhibit/kill Salmonella typhi.The experimental model of endotoxin neutralization indicated that the muBPI_(25) protein could neutralize endotoxin.Conelusion: We firstly demonstrate that murine BPI N-terminal functional fragment(muBPI_(25) protein)can inhibit/kill Salmonella typhi,and can neutralize, its lysating product, endotoxin.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of oridonin on the human acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line Jurkat and its mechanism.

METHODSJurkat cells were cultured in vitro and treated with various concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 μmol/L) of oridonin for different lengths of time (24, 48, and 72 hours). The proliferation of Jurkat cells was analyzed by MTT assay. The changes in nuclear morphology were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy at 12 hours after treatment with various concentrations of oridonin. The expression levels of Brg1, P53, and C-myc were determined by semi-quantitative Western blot in Jurkat cells treated with various concentrations of oridonin for 24 hours or 5 μmol/L oridonin for various lengths of time (0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours). The expression levels of P53 and C-myc and proliferation of Jurkat cells were evaluated after Brg1 expression was knocked down by Brg1-specific siRNA.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the proliferation of oridonin-treated Jurkat cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). According to the florescence microscopic analysis, oridonin treatment led to nuclear pyknosis in Jurkat cells. Compared with the control group, Jurkat cells treated with 5 μmol/L oridonin had reduced expression of Brg1 and C-myc but elevated expression of P53. Brg1 knock-down led to a significant reduction in proliferation of Jurkat cells (P<0.05), up-regulated expression of P53, and down-regulated expression of C-myc.

CONCLUSIONSOridonin can inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells, probably via the Brg1 signaling pathway.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Helicases ; analysis ; physiology ; Diterpenes, Kaurane ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Nuclear Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; analysis ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Transcription Factors ; analysis ; physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; analysis

Objective To choose the appropriate operation for patients with Sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts.Methods The data of 87 patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts(67 male,20 female,mean age 13.4 years),admitted to out hospital from March 2003 to August 2008,were retrospectively analyzed.Forty of them accepted simple endoscopic neurosurgery;19 of them accepted endoscope-controlled neurosurgery;22 of them accepted microsurgery.The efficacy and complications of these 3 methods were analyzed and compared.Results No significant differences on age,the size of the cysts,postoperative complications,the decreased size of the cysts and the improvement were found among these 3 methods(P>0.05).The operation time and bleeding volume of the simple endoscopic neurosurgery group were 97±26.8 min and 15±4.8 mL;the endoscope-controlled neurosurgery group were 87±27.6 min and 18±5.7 mL;the microsurgery group were 143±36.0 min and 160±39.6 mL.As compared with those in the first 2 groups,the operation time was statistically longer and the bleeding volume was obviously increased in the later group(P<0.05);while no significant difference of those was found between the first 2 groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic neurosurgery is an effective method with shorter operation time and less bleeding than craniotomy in treating the Sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts.

Objective To evaluate the value of CT cisternography (CTC) in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts (IAC). Methods CTC was performed on 23 patients with IAC, admitted to our hospital from October 2006 to October 2009. Patients with non-communicating intracranial arachnoid cysts (NCIAC) accepted endoscopic neurosurgery and those with communicating intracranial arachnoid cysts (CIAC) accepted conservative treatment. CT, MRI and CTC were performed on these patients before and after the treatment; the value of CTC in the diagnosis and treatment of IAC and the effect of neurosurgery in the treatment of NCIAC were analyzed, respectively. Results CTC conformed that 17 patients (17/23) had NCIAC and 6 (6/23) had CIAC. All of the NCIAC patients were performed neuroendoscopic surgery: the cyst of 1 patient disappeared; that of 13 shrunk and that of 3 did not changed. Postoperative CTC demonstrated that all the cysts of the 8 patients communicated well with the cistern. Conclusion CTC is very important in the diagnosis of IAC,especially in the differentialdiagnosis of NCIAC and CIAC. The result of CTC can be an indicator in determining the necessity of operation in patients with cranial cysts and give a primary evaluation on the effect of cranial cyst surgery.

BACKGROUNDCatheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) has been a mainstay in treating deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, the optimal dosage of a thrombolytic agent is still controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low dosage urokinase with CDT for DVT.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed using data from a total of 427 patients with DVT treated with CDT in our single center between July 2009 and December 2012. Early efficacy of thrombolysis was assessed with a thrombus score based on daily venography. The therapeutic safety was evaluated by adverse events. A venography or duplex ultrasound was performed to assess the outcome at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively.

RESULTSThe mean total dose of 3.34 (standard deviation [SD] 1.38) million units of urokinase was administered during a mean of 5.18 (SD 2.28) days. Prior to discharge, Grade III (complete lysis) was achieved in 154 (36%) patients; Grade II (50-99% lysis) in 222 (52%); and Grade I (50% lysis) in 51 (12%). The major complications included one intracranial hemorrhage, one hematochezia, five gross hematuria, and one pulmonary embolism. Moreover, no death occurred in the study.

CONCLUSIONSTreatment of low-dose catheter-directed thrombosis is an efficacious and safe therapeutic approach in patients with DVT offering good long-term outcomes and minimal complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Venous Thrombosis ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

Background/Aims: Oral EDP-514 is a potent core protein inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, which produced a >4-log viral load reduction in HBV-infected chimeric mice with human liver cells. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of three doses of EDP-514 in treatment-naive viremic patients with HBeAgpositive or -negative chronic HBV infection. Methods: Patients with HBsAg detectable at screening and at least 6 months previously were eligible. HBeAg-positive and -negative patients had a serum/plasma HBV DNA level ≥20,000 and ≥2,000 IU/mL, respectively. Twenty-five patients were randomized to EDP-514 200 (n=6), 400 (n=6) or 800 mg (n=7) or placebo (n=6) once daily for 28 days. Results: A dose-related increase in EDP-514 exposure (AUClast and Cmax) was observed across doses. At Day 28, mean reductions in HBV DNA were –2.9, –3.3, –3.5 and –0.2 log10 IU/mL with EDP-514 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. The corresponding mean change from baseline for HBV RNA levels was –2.9, –2.4, –2.0, and –0.02 log10 U/mL. No virologic failures were observed. No clinically meaningful changes from baseline were observed for HBsAg, HBeAg or HBcrAg. Nine patients reported treatment emergent adverse events of mild or moderate severity with no discontinuations, serious AEs or deaths. Conclusions In treatment-naïve viremic patients, oral EDP-514 was generally safe and well-tolerated, displayed PK profile supportive of once-daily dosing, and markedly reduced HBV DNA and HBV RNA.

OBJECTIVEActivation and overexpression of pleomorphic adenoma (PLAG1) gene due to t(3;8)(p21;q12) translocation are associated with the development of human pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. This study was conducted to generate ubiquitously-expressed or tissue-specific expressed PLAG1 transgenic mice and to elucidate the role of PLAG1 gene in tumorigenesis in vivo.

METHODSHuman PLAG1 cDNA was cloned from salivary gland tumor or placenta tissues by RT-PCR. Ubiquitous expression vector pCMV-EGFP/PLAG1 driven by CMV promoter and tissue-specific expression vector pMMTV-PLAG1 driven by MMTV LTR were constructed. NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with pCMV-EGFP/PLAG1 showed high expression of PLAG1 in nucleus. Transgenes were microinjected into pronucleus of zygotes to generate transgenic mice.

RESULTSIt was found that the human PLAG1 cDNA cloned from several salivary gland tumor and normal placenta tissues consistently showed a variation of a single nucleotide at the same position when compared with the human PLAG1 cDNA sequence in Genbank (Accession No. U65002), which led to T458P at protein level. It might be a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)locus. Fused EGFP/PLAG1 protein was found to be localized in the nucleus of NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with pCMV-EGFP/ PLAG1. Several pCMV-EGFP/PLAG1 and pMMTV-PLAG1 transgenic mouse lines were obtained respectively. As might be expected, pMMTV-PLAG1 transgenic mice spontaneously developed salivary gland tumors in three independent lines, among which, line 42 showed tumorigenic phenotype in 100% of transgenic mice within three months after birth.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of PLAG1 gene plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis of salivary gland tumors.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection

Objective To observe the treatment effect of edaravone plus mild hypothermia treatment on patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods One hundred and forty-three patients with TBI,admitted to our hospital from February 2008 to September 2012,were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (group A,routine treatment,n=35),mild hypothermia treatment group (group B,routine treatment plus temperature control at the range of33～34 ℃ for 2-14 days,n=36),edaravone treatment group (group C,routine treatment plus edaravone up to 14 days,30 mg per time,twice per day,n=36) and mild hypothermia plus edaravone treatment group (group D,routine treatment combined with mild hypothermia plus edaravone n=36).Intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood glucose were determined at admission,and 24 and 72 h after admission; Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were assessed 3 months after the treatment.Results At 24 and 72 h after admission,the mean ICP of group B and group C was significantly lower than that of group A (P＜0.05); that of group D was significantly lower than that of group B and group C (P＜0.05).The mean blood glucose of group B and group C was obviously lower than that of group A (P＜0.05); group D was obviously lower than group B and group C (P＜0.05).The rate of good neurologic function (GOS scores 4-5) in group D was better than that of group B and group C (P＜0.05),which was significantly better than that of group A (P＜0.05).Conclusion It is much more effective to use mild hypothermia plus edaravone treatment than simple mild hypothermia or edaravone treatment in the early treatment of acute severe TBI.

ObjectiveTo know the basic status of researches on the mental health of prostatitis patients in China by statistical analysis of the literature published in the past two decades and provide some reference for such studies.

METHODSUsing the bibliometrics method, we performed statistical analyses on the publication years, journals, and authors of the articles published in the core journals concerning the mental health of prostatitis patients in China as well as on the topics of the identified studies using their titles, key words and abstracts.

RESULTSTotally, 226 related studies were identified, of which 31 (by 29 authors) were published in the Chinese core journals. As for the topics of the included studies, 102 (45.13%) focused on the role and significance of psychotherapy in the treatment of prostatitis, 52 (23.01%) on the correlation of psychological factors with prostatitis, and 23 (10.18%) on the correlation of psychopathic factors with prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction. Most of the articles on the mental health of prostatitis patients were published in National Journal of Andrology.

CONCLUSIONSStudies on the mental health of prostatitis patients in China are carried out in varied institutions and different directions but, however, need to be furthered and deepened. For this condition, a comprehensive therapeutic mode of "prevention-communication-treatment" is coming into being, and the methodology for related researches is gradually turning from linear to stereoscopic.

Andrology ; statistics & numerical data ; Bibliometrics ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Prostatitis ; psychology ; therapy ; Psychotherapy