The purposes of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant human interleukin-10 (rhIL-10) on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by advanced glycation end products (AGE) and neointima hyperplasia after rat carotid arterial injury. Rat aortic VSMCs were cultured and treated with rhIL-10 or AGE respectively, and then co-treated with rhIL-10 and AGE. Proliferation of VSMCs was quantified by colormetric assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytomertry. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with recombinant human IL-10 (rhIL-10) for 3 d after carotid arteries injury. The ratio of neointima to media area at the site of arterial injury was measured 28 d after balloon injury. The p44/42 MAPK activity was evaluated by the immunoblotting technique using anti-p44/42 phospho-MAPK antibody. Compared to control, AGE stimulated VSMCs proliferation. rhIL-10 alone had no effect on VSMCs growth. With AGE stimulation, rhIL-10, at dose as low as 10 ng/ml, inhibited VSMCs growth (P<0.05). The cell number in G(0)/G(1) phase of AGE and rhIL-10 co-treatment group was higher than that of AGE treatment alone (P<0.01) by flow cytometry analysis. Compared with the control group of neointima hyperplasia in rats, the ratio of neointima to media area of recombinant human IL-10 group was reduced by 45% (P<0.01). The p44/42 MAPK activity was significantly enhanced by AGE. The AGE effects were opposed by rhIL-10. The anti-inflammatory cytokine rhIL-10 inhibits AGE-induced VSMCs proliferation. Recombinant human IL-10 also inhibited neointima hyperplasia after carotid artery injury in rats. The results suggest the possibility that recombinant human IL-10, as a potential therapeutic approach, prevents neointimal hyperplasia.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; cytology ; Atherosclerosis ; physiopathology ; Carotid Artery Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Hyperplasia ; prevention & control ; Interleukin-10 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; Neointima ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo examine plasma adiponectin (ADPN) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and their correlation in children with obesity in order to investigate the roles of both in the development of childhood obesity.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-seven children with obesity and 118 normal children who were randomly sampled from five primary schools from the Kaifu District in Changsha were enrolled. Physical shape indexes, including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured. Percentage of body fat (%BF) was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasmal levels of ADPN and TNF-alpha were detected using ABC-ELISA. Blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Fasting blood glucose level was measured by glucose oxidase method. Fasting blood insulin level was assayed by radioimmunity. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed.

RESULTSPlasma ADPN levels in obese children significantly decreased compared with those in normal children (8.12+/-2.54 mg/L vs 12.22+/-4.68 mg/L; p<0.05), and had a negative correlation with plasma TNF-alpha levels, BMI, WHR and HOMA-IR (p<0.01), and with %BF, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure and TG (p<0.05). Plasma TNF-alpha levels in obese children significantly increased compared to normal children (171.38+/-34.33 ng/L vs 91.07+/-21.60 ng/L; p<0.01) and positively correlated with BMI, WHR, %BF, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TG and systolic blood pressure (p<0.01), and negatively with HDL (p<0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that ADPN, BMI and TNF-alpha were main influential factors for %BF (R2=0.926, p<0.01). There was a significant interaction between ADPN and TNF-alpha (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPlasma ADPN levels decreased and plasma TNF-alpha levels increased in children with obesity and both were main influential factors for %BF in children. There was an interaction between ADPN and TNF-alpha, suggesting that they both participate in the development of childhood obesity.

Adiponectin ; blood ; Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; etiology ; Regression Analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of three localization methods, including methylene blue, metal clips and intraoperative colonoscopy in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed to review the clinical data of 64 patients who underwent the laparoscopic colorectal operations in Cancer Hospital of Fudan University from December 2009 to June 2012. Three methods of tumor localization were used perioperatively, including 23 cases of methylene blue, 20 of metal clips and 21 of colonoscopy.

RESULTSOperations were successfully performed in this cohort and there were no deaths or complications. In methylene blue group, intraoperative colonoscopy was performed in two cases because of the inability to visualize blue dye on the serosal surface of the intestinal wall, another 2 cases were converted to open operation because of methylene blue diffusion and inability to identify resection margin. Intraoperative colonoscopic localization was required for 3 cases of sigmoid colon or upper rectal tumor because of inaccurate tumor localization by metal clips. Poor operative exposure due to obvious bowel distension prompted the conversion to open surgery in 2 cases of colonoscopy localization group, and the accurate position of the lesion was not found in another 2 cases due to long pedunculated adenoma.

CONCLUSIONSColorectal tumor can be localized effectively by endoscopic methylene blue tattooing at a maximum of 2 tumors before operation and the method of 4-point positioning can significantly improve the accuracy of colorectal tumor localization. Tumor localization preoperatively on the day of surgery by metal clip is accurate for the right or left colon cancer. Intraoperative colonoscopy can localize tumor accurately and rapidly for rectosigmoid or descending tumor, and the incidence of bowel distension can be significantly reduced. Localization method should be considered according to the tumor location and surgical procedure.

Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of metformin on the apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells in vitro and its mechanisms.

METHODSFluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry were used to examine the changes in the apoptosis of 786-O cells after metformin treatment. The possible signaling molecules involved in this process were analyzed by immunoblot analysis of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and caspase 9.

RESULTSMetformin induced apoptosis and caspase 9 activation in 786-O cells in low-serum medium but not in normal-serum medium. Metformin also induced AMPK activation in 786-O cells, but this activation was not associated with the cell proliferation inhibition or apoptosis-inducing effect of metformin.

CONCLUSIONMetformin can induce apoptosis of RCC cells in vitro, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for RCC.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Metformin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of losartan on cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNA in rats after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODAMI was induced in male SD rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. The survived rats were randomly divided into AMI group, losartan group, and sham-operated group. The cardiac functions of the rats were assessed by echocardiogram and hemodynamics, and the contents of angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (Ald) in the myocardial tissues were determined by radioimmunoassay. The collagen density in the myocardial tissues were calculated by Masson's trichrome staining and the expression of MR mRNA were determined by real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR.

RESULTSBoth the contents of AngII and Ald in the myocardial tissues increased significantly in AMI group compared with those in the sham-operated group (P<0.01). The expression of MR mRNA and collagen density in the myocardial tissues also increased significantly than that in sham-operated group (P<0.01). After four weeks of losartan treatment, the contents of AngII and Ald in the myocardial tissues decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the expression of MR mRNA was also considerably lowered (P<0.01) in comparison with those in the AMI group. Treatment with losartan also resulted in significant decrease of the collagen density in the myocardial tissues.

CONCLUSIONSLosartan may reduce reactive fibrosis not only by attenuating the Ald signaling pathway but also by decreasing the expression of MR.

Aldosterone ; metabolism ; Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Fibrosis ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Losartan ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of obesity and the influencing factors for obesity in primary school students from Kaifu District of Changsha City.

METHODSA total of 4 140 students aged 7 to 12 years sampled randomly from Kaifu District of Changsha City were enrolled. Obesity was identified based on the body mass index (BMI). The influencing factors for obesity were investigated by non-logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe prevalence of overweight and obesity were 9.76% and 7.39% respectively, and the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls were 9.37% and 5.13% respectively (P<0.05). The obese children had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio(WHR), percentage of body fat (%BF), systolic blood pressure, and serum triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels but significantly lower serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level compared with the children with normal weight. BMI, %BF, WC and WHR were all positively correlated to serum levels of TG and LDL-C in obese children. Binge overeating, increased television viewing time, fast speed of eating and increased consumption of fried foods are all risk factors for the development of obesity. Preference for physical activity and sufficient physical activity were protective factors for obesity.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of obesity of primary school students from Kaifu District of Changsha City is high in China. The development of childhood obesity is associated with poor eating behaviors, less physical activity and increased television viewing time. The control of childhood obesity may be beneficial to early prevention of some adult chronic diseases.

Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Prevalence ; Waist-Hip Ratio

OBJECTIVETo investigate serum leptin level and its relationship with bone mineral density in obese children from Changsha City.

METHODSOne hundred and nineteen obese children and 103 normal children aged 7 to 12 years from five primary schools of Changsha City were enrolled. Obesity was assessed based on the body mass index (BMI). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. Serum leptin level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe obesity group had higher height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio (WHR) compared with the normal group (p<0.01). BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), percentage of body fat (%BF) and leptin concentration in the obesity group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (p<0.01). Serum leptin level was positively correlated with BMD, BMC, LM and FM (r=0.528-0.903, p<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI and %BF were independent influencing factors for serum leptin level.

CONCLUSIONSObese children have higher serum leptin level. Serum leptin concentration is significantly correlated with BMD and body composition. BMI and %BF are independent influencing factors for serum leptin level in children.

Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; Regression Analysis ; Sex Characteristics

A cDNA expression library of the tentacles of Sagartia rosea was constructed. The cDNA was cloned into eukaryotical expression plasmid pcDNA3. SMART protocol was used for cDNA library construction and bioinformatics analysis was carried out. 71 novel EST clones were obtained from 130 sequences in the library, of which there were 21 full-length clones, including cytolysin genes, flourescent protein, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase gene, elongation factor, ferritin gene riboflavin kinase gene, ribosomal protein. This provides a base for further investigating their biological activity and application.
Animals ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gene Library ; RNA ; isolation & purification ; Sea Anemones ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo design ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fracture and explore the feasibility and clinical practical value of the system through the multi-center analysis of 1122 acetabular fractures.

METHODSAccording to acetabular three-column conception, and pelvic ring lesions damage direction caused by acetabular fracture domino effect and injury degree of proximal femur joint, it defined class A as any column acetabular fracture; class B as any two-column acetabular fracture; class C as front, dome and posterior mixture acetabular fracture. Lower case English letters a, m, p represented front, dome, posterior fracture, respectively. Acetabular damage variables: 1 was simple displaced fractures; 2 was comminuted fractures; 3 was compression fractures. Pelvic ring lesions damage variables: alpha was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture horizontal separation deflection; beta was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture vertical separation deflection; gamma was pubic symphysis separation/superior and inferior ramus of pubis fracture deflection; alpha beta gamma delta was compound floating damage. Proximal humerus joint damage variables: I was femoral head fracture; II was femoral neck fracture; II was intertrochanteric fractures of femur; IV was I to III compound fracture. The ABC damage variable positioning system for acetabular fracture was made up by the above-mentioned variables. The statistics from March 1997 to February 2010 showed 1122 cases acetabular fractures with 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and 1140 cases of acetabular fractures. The pelvics anterior-posterior view, ilium and obturator oblique view, and 2/3D-CT materials were analyzed and researched.

RESULTSEach damage variables distribution situation in 1140 cases of acetabular fracture involved A in 237 cases (20.8%), B in 605 cases (53.1%), C in 298 cases (26.1%);front column fracture in 808 cases(70.9%), dome fracture in 507 cases (44.5%), posterior fracture in 1026 cases (90%). Acetabular variables: variabe 1 in 203 cases of simple displaced fracture (17.8%); variabe 2 in 516 cases of comminuted fracture(45.3%); variabe 3 in 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring lesions damage (21.8%), 75 cases femoral head fracture (6.6%); 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and relative pelvic ring and proximal humerus joint variables (1.58%). Key part and curative effect elements of 1140 cases acetabular fracture: 507 cases of dome or posterior acetabular fracture (44.5%); 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring variables (21.8%); 75 cases of proximal humerus joint variables (6.6%); 486 cases of simple Aa/pl/2,Bapl/2 acetabular fracture (42.6% ).

CONCLUSIONCompression fracture, especially defected compression fracture, takes important part in acetabular damage variables, and also presents that acetabular fracture with pelvic ring and proximal femoral damage variables are not rare at all. The relationship of the acetabular fracture damage variables, and its percentage shows the key points and elements in clinical treatment: weight-bearing to dome accounts for 44.5%; compression to defects account for 36.9%, pelvic ring to float accounts for 21.8%; dome fracture to double side fracture account for 6.6%. The system has significant guiding effects on clinic in terms of evaluation of injury severity, anatomic localization, difficulty index, alternative strategy, operative approach, effect of treatment,and prognosis. And the most important thing is that the system creates the comparison of damage variables in same type of fracture and the communication of homo-language and explores a new method.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Informatics ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Biliary Tract Diseases ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies