Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genes, ras ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; methods ; Mutation ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the variance levels of plasma soluble leukocyte differentiation antigens CD40 (sCD40) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in preeclamptic patients with renal damage and its relationship. Methods A total of 63 pregnant women attended the Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College between August 2008 and June 2010. In the present study included 28 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and 35 patients with severe preeclampsia. Thirty matched normotensive pregnant women were enrolled in the study as the control group. Expression of sCD40 and sCD40L were determined by ELISA. At the same time, the blood routine, C reaction protein ( CRP),urine routine, 24 hours urine protein excretion, and serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. The correlation analysis was performed between the sCD40/sCD40L and the blood biochemical indexes in 3 groups. Results ( 1 ) The median levels of CRP in severe preeclampsia (10. 8 mg/L)and mild preeclampsia group(7. I mg/L)are significantly higher than that of control group (3. 3 mg/L,P ＜ 0. 05 ); The level of CRP in severe preeclampsia group was also higher than that of mild preeclampsia group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The median gestational age at delivery in severe preeclampsia ( 32. 5 weeks)was significantly less than that of mild preeclampsia group ( 37. 2 weeks) and normal group ( 38. 6 weeks,P ＜ 0. 05). However no significant differences were observed between mild preeclampsia group and normal group ( P ＞0. 05 ). The platelet count in severe preeclampsia ( 132 × 109/L) was significantly less than those of mild preeclampsia group (212 × 109/L) and normal group ( 216 × 109/L, P ＜ 0. 01 ), but no significant differences were observed in blood platelet amount between mild preeclampsia group and normal group ( P ＞0. 05 ). There was no significant difference in hemoglobin level and white blood cell in three groups ( P ＞0. 05). (2) The sCD40 plasma concentration in severe, mild preeclampsia and normal group was 133.6,126. 5 and 90. 7 ng/L, respectively. The sCD40 L plasma concentrations were 12. 5, 10. 4 and 4. 4 ng/L respectively in the 3 groups. 24 hours urinary protein quantitative was 4. 5 g/d,0. 8 g/d and 0 in the 3 groups respectively. And the UA level was 486 μ mol/L,289 μmol/L and 162 μmol/L. In the above three groups,the monitoring indicators were significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia group compared with mild preeclampsia and control groups (P ＜ 0. 01 ), and there were also higher in mild preeclampsia group than that in control groups ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The level of plasma Cr ( 89 μmol/L) and BUN ( 5. 32 mmol/L) in severe preeclampsia group were higher than those of mild preeclampsia group (66 μmol/L and 4. 49mmol/L) and control group ( 57 μmol/L and 3.32 mmol/L, P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference between mild preeclampsia group and normal group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). (3) The correlation analysis indicated that the level of sCD40 has a positive correlation with 24 hours urinary protein quantitative( r = 0. 434, P ＜ 0. 05 ),also significant positive correlation( r =0. 536,0. 528 ,P ＜ 0. 01 ) between the level of sCD40 and UA or CRP in women with preeclampsia. There was no significant correlation between the level of sCD40 and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, delivery gestational age, Cr, BUN, and platelet count(r =0. 135,0. 183, -0. 133,0. 190,0. 167, -0. 221 ,all P ＞0. 05 ). There were positive correlation between the level of sCD40L and 24 hours urine protein excretion, either UA or CRP( r =0. 591,0. 445,0. 539 ,all P ＜0. 01 ). No significant correlation was found between sCD40 L and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure,delivery gestational age, Cr, BUN, and platelet count( r =0. 178,0. 212, -0. 292,0. 144,0. 135, -0. 273,all P ＞0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between plasma sCD40 and sCD40L ( r =0. 707 ,P ＜0. 01 ). There was no relationship between the level of sCD40, sCD40L and the blood biochemical indexes in normotensive pregnant women ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The plasma concentrations of sCD40 and sCD40 L are significantly higher in pregnant women with preeclampsia compared with the control, which may be involved in the development of preeclampsia and contribute to the kidney damage. The variance levels of sCD40 and sCD40L may be also related to the severity of preeclampsia.

Objective To investigate the types of dysphagia after stroke (DAS) calling for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and to explore the probable mechanisms of the treatment. Methods Sixty patients with DAS diagnosed by videofluoroscopie swallowing study (VFSS) were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). VFSS, misaspiration, laryngeal elevation, food residues and food intake scores of the two groups were evaluated and compared before and after 10 days of treat-ment. After that, both groups were divided into mild, moderate and severe sub-groups separately according to their VFSS scores. The VFSS scores of the six subgroups were then compared. Results There was no significant differ-ence between the two groups with regard to VFSS scores and misaspiration, laryngeal elevation, food residues, food intake scores before treatment. After 10 days of treatment, VFSS scores in the treatment group were significantly high-er than in the control group, and miaspiration and laryngeal elevation scores were significantly lower. There were no significant difference between the two groups in terms of food residues and food intake scores. The VFSS scores of pa-tients with moderate DAS in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference between patients with mild and moderate DAS in the two groups. Conclusions NMES could be an effective treatment for DAS. NMES treatment is most effective for moderate DAS, but has no advantage in treating the mild cases. NMES may improve laryngeal elevation and decrease misaspiration.

AIM: To investigate the effects of vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery on the corneal endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy.METHODS: A retrospective study was designed.160 patients(160 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy from Jan 2015 to Feb 2017 were divided into two groups according to cataract.74 patients(74 eyes) were operated on vitrectomy,and 86 patients(86 eyes) on vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery and capsular bag implantation of foldable intraocular lens.To record the change of corneal endothelial cells density,average cellular area,coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal endothelial cell before and after treatment with Topcon corneal specular microscope.RESULTS: Before and after surgery,the results of corneal endothelial cells density,average cellular area,coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal endothelial cell in simple vitrectomy group were no significant difference(P>0.05);After treatment corneal endothelial cells density and percentage of hexagonal endothelial cell were changed with statistical difference as the same as average cellular area and coefficient of variation(P<0.05);There were significantly differences in corneal endothelial cells between two groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: It has certain influence on the corned endothelial cells when using vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy.For patients with indications,it should be paid attention to protecting the corneal endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVETo compare the changes of nucleus pulposus after in vitro culture of rabbit whole intervertebral disc and spinal motion segment.

METHODSTwenty-one New Zealand white rabbits which were randomly divided into organ group with 8 rabbits and segment group with 13 rabbits. Fifty intervertebral discs and 50 spinal motion segments were harvested respectively under aseptic conditions from two groups. These specimens were maintained in organ culture with hyperosmotic media (410 mOsm/kg), then 10 discs of the two groups were observed respectively by HE staining, immunohistochemistry of collagen type III, proteoglycan content and cells viability of nucleus pulposus before culture and at 3, 7, 14, 21 days after culture.

RESULTSHE staining showed the intervertebral disc tissue structure remained intact after culture of 21 days organ group and 14 days segment group,but there was severely degenerated of 21 days segment group. The intensity value of type II collagen immunohistochemical staining in the nucleus pulposus were not changed significantly between 21 days organ group and 14 days segment group (P > 0.05), but the staining of segment group at 21 days became shallower, there was significant difference compared with before each time points and organ group at 21 days (P < 0.05). PAS/AB staining of proteoglycan of nucleus pulposus showed that there were not decrease of tinting strength of two groups within 7 days, but the strength weakened slightly of two groups at 14 days, and the tinting strength became weaker at 21 days segment group, the change is more obvious than the organ group. The intensity value of fluorescence staining of nucleus pulposus cells was not changed significantly within 7 days of two groups (P > 0.05), the intensity value decreased slightly at 21 days organ group and 14 days segment group, but there were no significant difference compared with before time points (P > 0.05) however at 21 days segment group the intensity decreased as cells viability of nucleus pulposus decreased,and there was a significant difference compared with before each time points and organ group at 21 days (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt is not obviously degenerated of the discs of organ group cultured within 21 days and segment group cultured within 14 days, but there was significant degeneration of the intervertebral disc of segment group after cultured 21 days, so the rabbit spinal motion segment can be used on research about the biomechanics of intervertebral disc as a vitro experimental model within 14 days.

Animals ; Collagen Type II ; analysis ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intervertebral Disc ; chemistry ; pathology ; Male ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Rabbits

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum metabonomic profile of pancreatic cancer using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics.Methods The retrospective case-control study was adopted.The clinical data of 23 patients with pancreatic cancer (PC group) and 16 healthy volunteers (control group) who were admitted to the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between December 2013 and December 2014 were collected.The serum of the 2 groups was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy.Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the characteristic metabolites in the 2 groups,including principal component analysis (PCA),partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).Observation indicators included:(1) multivariate statistical analysis of serum metabonomic profile,results of PCA,PLS-DA and OPLS-DA,(2) screening of metabolites.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s.The comparison between groups was evaluated with the t test.The count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results (1) The multivariate statistical analysis of serum metabonomic profile:results of PCA showed that expression rates of principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2) to original data were 54.9％ and 23.5％,with both cumulative contribution rate of 78.4％.Results of PLS-DA showed that the separative trend between PC group and control group was appeared,and variance of X and Y matrixes and predictive value were 0.254,0.816 and 0.385.Results of OPLS-DA showed that the differences of samples between the 2 groups were further increased,and differential metabolites were screened according to the distinction of scores between the 2 groups,value of R2X,R2Y and Q2 was 0.254,0.816 and 0.433.(2) Screening of metabolites:35 serum metabolites were detected in the 2 groups.Compared with the control group,levels of 3-hydroxybuyarate,citrate,formate,glutamate,isoleucine,methionine and phenylalanine in the PC group were elevated (r =0.524,0.511,0.656,0.566,0.503,0.498,0.648,P ＜0.05),and levels of 3-methylhistidine,alanine,glutamine,LDL and VLDL in the PC group were decreased (r =-0.607,-0.508,-0.560,-0.568,-0.559,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with healthy controls,several amino acids,citrate and lipoproteins demonstrate the metabolic differences in the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer.NMR based metabonomic profile technology can distinguish the difference of serum metabolites between patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controls.NMR based metabonomic technology may be a promising method for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective Five yeast-expressed recombination nucleotide proteins of European hantaviruses were prepared as coated antigens to detect hantavirus-specific antibodies in sera from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes (HFRS) in Hubei province, through ELISA assay. The relativity among hantaviruses prevailing in different areas was investigated. Methods 34 pairs of acute/convalescent serum samples were collected from HFRS patients in Hubei during 1985 - 1989 and 1996-2000. ELISA assay was performed to detect the reactivity of these sera to different hantavirus-recombinant nucleocapsid proteins(HV-rNP) which were derived from puumala virus (PUUV), dobrava virus (DOBV) while using hantaan virus (HTNV) to serve as control. Qualitative results were used to analyze the detection rate and the quantitative results of optical density values were used to investigate the antibodies' level and the changes. Results The detective efficiency of rNP against IgG antibody in samples was as follows:HTNV-rNP＞DOBV-rNP＞PUUV-rNP. As to the detection of IgA, it was: DOBV-rNP＞HTNV-rNP＞PUUV-rNP. However, there was no difference between DOBV-rNP and HTNV-rNP when the hantavirus-specific IgM was detected. PUUV-rNP showed a very weak reactivity to all the antibodies in samples, but 3-pair samples reacted strongly to all the three subtype-rNP of PUUV. Results from quantitative analysis revealed that there was a relative higher level of IgM and IgA in acute phase sera. No significant difference between IgM and IgA levels was found and the level of IgG was low. A high level of IgA was detected in convalescent sera. Moreover, the level of IgA and IgG significantly increased with the progress of the disease. Conclusion DOBV-rNP had a high detective efficiency to serum samples from HFRS patients in Hubei. HV-specific IgA was kept on a high level in acute and convalescent phases and had important implications for the surveillance of HFRS. Also,it is assumed that PUUV and DOBV might have existed in Hubei province.

As the dilution procedure was applied, a simple, rapid and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 was successfully by performed in a total 83 samples of 10 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which were collected from 5 different hospital pharmacies and 5 different medical stores in Guangzhou city. Matrix effects of these 10 TCMs were ranged from 80.23% to 115.5% in low, intermediate and high concentration levels, indicating that the negative effect was overcome in this study. Meanwhile, the analysis method was proved to be stable and reliable during the whole analysis using Semen Armeniacae Amarum spiked 3 concentration levels of standard solution as quality control samples and the RSD < 6.6% was obtained. The contamination levels of 83 investigated samples were 13.89% and 17.02% in hospital pharmacies and medical stores, respectively. The result was presented to provide relevant reference and supplement to those researchers in TCMs analysis and screening.
Aflatoxin B1 ; analysis ; Aflatoxins ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the liver histopathological features of chronic HBV carriers and inactive HBsAg carriers.

METHODSLiver biopsies were performed on 189 chronic HBV carriers and 30 inactive HBsAg carriers (219 cases in total). All of them had a normal serum ALT value; they were then followed-up for more than 6 months. HBsAg and HBcAg were detected by immunohistochemistry. The circulating HBV DNA loads and serologic markers of HBV were examined at the same time. Grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis were compared between the patients regarding their HBV DNA positivity or negativity. The relationships between the HBeAg positivity and degrees of liver histological changes were evaluated. The grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis were compared between three age groups: younger than 18 years, 18-40, and older than 40 years.

RESULTSTwo hundred eight carriers of the total 219 (95.0%) had histological liver changes. Fifty percent (104/208) of them had mild histological changes (G0-1/S0-1), while more severe changes (G3-4 and/or S3-4) were found in 18 out of the 208. There were no significant differences in the grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis between the chronic HBV carriers and the inactive HBsAg carriers. Among the serologic HBV DNA positive carriers, hepatic fibrosis was more severe in the HBeAg negative group than in the positive group (chi2 = 9.551, P = 0.008), but no differences of the necrosis/inflammation grades were seen between the two groups. The rate of severe fibrosis (S3-4) was 21.1% in those carriers older than 40 years but was 7.7% in patients younger than 18 years. However, no statistically significant differences in degrees of liver inflammation and fibrosis were found among the three age groups. HBcAg positive rate was 100% in the liver tissues of all the chronic HBV carriers, but only in 33.3% in the inactive HBsAg carriers.

CONCLUSIONSThe majority of our HBV carriers have liver inflammation and fibrosis. More severe histological changes were found in 8.65% of them. Liver fibrosis existed in the carriers with negative HBeAg and in those older than 40 years. HBcAg was found in hepatic tissues while their serological HBV DNA was negative.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier State ; pathology ; virology ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the safety and rate of intraperitoneal cooling in rabbits after cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Method There were two experiments. In the experiment one: 15 healthy adult NewZealand rabbits were divided into five groups as per the various amounts, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mL/kg, of priming volume of 4 ℃ cold balanced salts solution injected into peritoneal cavity of rabbits. After injection of priming cold solution, the tympanic temperature between 33 ℃～ 35 ℃. For the maintenance of this mild hypothermia, a intraperitoneal infusion device(patent number ZL200820201265) was connected to the rabbits. The rabbits were rewarmed by using the same device after 12-hour hypothermia. The biochemical parameters were assayed during the experiment. After the rabbits were sacrificed, the liver, ileocecal junction of intestine and kidneys were removed to fix them in 3 % formalin, and examined by using H.E. staining. In the experiment two, another 12 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were induced into ventricular fibrillation by alternating electric current and then gave CPR for 2 minutes. After return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), the priming volume of 4 ℃ cold liquid was infused into peritoneal cavity of rabbits, and then the rabbits were connected to the intraperitoneal cooling device to maintain hypothermia for 12 hours. Matched-pairs t test was used for the comparison of biomarkers before and after intraperitoneal cooling. A two-tailed value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the experiment one, the tympanic temperature of rabbits with priming volume of 80 mL/kg cold solution was decreased quickly reaching the target temperature in(30±2.00) minutes. During the induction of hypothermia, the intraperitoneal temperature reached the target temperature in less than 10 minutes, and was 1 -2℃ lower than the tympanic temperature during the maintenance of hypothermia. The intraperitoneal cooling did not cause damage in the liver, ileocecal junction of intestine and kidney, and did not alter the biomarkers. In the experiment two, the tympanic temperature of rabbits after ROSC was decreased quickly after intraperitoneal infusion of 80 mL/kg 4 ℃ cold solution, and reached the target temperature in(26.00±6.99) minutes, and the intraperitoneal temperature was lowered to reach the target temperature in less than 10 minutes. This cooling method after CPR didn' t disturbance water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. Conclusions The intraperitoneal cooling can safely and quickly induce hypothermia after CPR in rabbits.