The growth and invasion of ectopic endometrium in endometriosis depends on hormone which will work in combination with its receptors.This review introduces the construction,function,gene,subtypes of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and their expressions in eutopic and ectopic endometrium,and explores their significance in the genesis,development,treatment and prognosis of endometriosis.

BACKGROUND:Previous experiments have shown that improved platelet-rich plasma can promote the proliferation of human dental pulp cells in a concentration-dependent manner, particularly when the concentration is 10%.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma at different concentrations on the proliferation and immunogenicity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from healthy donors were cultured and passaged for 3-4 passages, identified by flow cytometry and differentiation inductions. Platelet-rich plasma samples which were manufactured from the venous blood of the same donor were used for culturing human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was measured by cellcounting kit-8 method and the growth curves were drawn. The most suitable concentration of platelet-rich plasma was selected to culture human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for three generations and the Stro-1 expression rate on the surface of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was determined through flow cytometry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Platelet-rich plasma at the concentration of 5%-10%evidently promoted the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the 6th and 8th days. The most effective concentration to promote the proliferation was 10%. Platelet-rich plasma at the concentration of 10%stil promoted the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the 10th day, and maintained a better immunogenicity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared to the control group. These findings indicate that platelet-rich plasma can promote the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and 10%platelet-rich plasma is better to maintain the immunogenicity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To investigate relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function with body mass index (BMI) and age in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Totally, 304 patients with T2DM newly-diagnosed at admission to the first hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu province, during 2006 to 2007 were recruited in the study. The patients were divided into three groups based on WHO criteria of obesity in Asia Pacific Region in 2003, 68 cases with normal weight ( 18. 5≤ BMI ＜ 23.0), 69 in overweight (23.0 ≤ BMI ＜ 25.0), and 167 in obesity (BMI≥25.0). Fasting serum glucose, glycesylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) and lipids were measured for all the subjects, as well as oral glucose tolerance test (OGTr), C-peptide releasing tests and determination of serum insulin performed. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), insulinogenic index (AI30/AG30) and modified beta-cell function index (MBCI) werecalculated to evaluate their insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function of the islets. All these parameters werecompared between the three groups and subgroups. Results HOMA-IR and MBCI were significantly higherin T2DM patients with obesity than those in the groups with normal weight and over-weight ( P < 0. 05 ).AI30/AG30 in obesity group was significantly higher than that in the group with normal weight (P <0. 05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI independently correlated with HOMA-IR ( P < O. 05 ).Sub-group analysis showed that △I30/△G30 and MBCI were significantly higher in those aged 60 years and over with obesity than those in the groups aged less than 60 years ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Non-obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM have more severe impaired insulin secretion than that in obese ones,and their insulin resistance increases with BMI. Age has no significant correlation with pancreatic beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity.

Animal Feed ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; Cadmium ; analysis ; DNA ; analysis ; Hepatocytes ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Selenium ; analysis

To explore the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of estrogen and especially observe the effect of estradiol on the content of cholesterol in J774a.1 mouse mononuclear/macrophage-derived foam cells which were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL). J774a.1 mouse mononuclear/macrophages were incubated with ox-LDL or with both ox-LDL and estradiol (1, 0.1 or 0.01 micromol x L(-1)). Oil red O staining was used to observe the formation of foam cells, and cholesterol oxidase fluorometric was used to determine the content of cellular cholesterol content. Western blotting and RTFQ-PCR were used to observe the expressions of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B I ) in J774a.1 foam cells. Compared with the control cells, J774a.1 mouse mononuclear/macrophage-derived foam cells showed significantly increased contents of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester (P < 0.001) and decreased SR-B I mRNA expression (P < 0.01). Estradiol treatment significantly lowered the contents of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester (P < 0.05), and increased SR-B I protein and mRNA expression (P < 0.01) in the foam cells in a dose-dependent manner. Estradiol can inhibit the formation of mononuclear/macrophage-derived foam cells by decreasing the contents of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester and up-regulating the expression of SR-B I in the foam cells.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Cholesterol Esters ; metabolism ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; metabolism

Objective To compare magnetization transfer and diffusion characteristics of multiple sclerosis(MS)lesions,normal-appearing white matter(NAWM)from patients,and normal white matter from control subjects,and to investigate the correlation between the magnetization transfer ratio(MTR)and mean diffusivity(MD)in MS patients.Methods Conventional MRI,magnetization transfer imaging(MTI)and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)were performed in 24 relapsing remitting MS patients and 24 healthy volunteers.Based on these images,the MTR,MD and fractional anisotropy(FA)maps were obtained.Then the MTR,MD and FA values were measured in lesions and NAWM from patients,and in the relevant white matter regions from volunteers.Results Average MTR in lesions(23.49%?5.16%)from MS patients was lower than those both in NAWM(29.49%?3.38%)and in the counterparts of the controls(32.78%?3.42%,F=101.44,P

Objective To investigate the significance of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the patients of primary nephmpathy syndrome (PNS) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) by detecting urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1.Methods Senventy-two patients of PNS were selected as our subjects including 34 case with minimal change disease (MCD),23 cases with membranous nephropathy(MN),15 cases with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN).Fifteen cases of healthy physical examination were selected as control group.Meanwhile subjects were also divided into PNS with ATN group (15 cases) and PNS without ATN group (57 cases) according to their pathology check.ELISA was applied to detect the urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1,whose correlation with pathological type and clinical index were analyzed.Results The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 in patients with PNS were (42.37 ± 28.24) μg/L,(2.76 ± 1.11) μg/L respectively,higher than that of control group (P ＜0.01).The urinary level of NGAL in the MCD group,MN group,MsPGN group were higher than that of control group (46.81 ± 15.75) μg/L,(22.09 ± 7.69) μg/L,(15.31 ± 3.74) μg/L,(8.03 ± 0.35) μg/L respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The urinary level of NGAL in MCD group was significantly highest than that in the other groups (P ＜ 0.05).The urinary level of KIM-1 in the MCD group,MN group,MsPGN group were higher than that of control group(2.41 ±0.58) μg/L,(2.54 ±0.67) μg/L,(2.87 ±0.50) μg/L,(0.73 ±0.35) μg/L respectively,P ＜0.05).But there was no significant difference among MCD,MN,MsPGN groups(P ＞ 0.05).The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 in patients PNS were (42.37 ± 28.34) μg/L and (2.76 ± 1.11) μg/L,significantly higher than that of control group (t =4.668,12.665,P ＜ 0.05).The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 in patients PNS with ATN were significantly higher than patient without ATN (NGAL:(74.98 ±9.52) μg/L vs.(31.31 ±2.34) μg/L;KIM-1:(3.60 ±0.92) μg/L vs.(2.54 ±0.81) μg/L,P ＜0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 was positively correlated with serum β2-MG,serum creatinine,serum blood urea nitrogen and 24-hour urine protein.(r =0.432,0.299,0.234,0.254,0.434,0.650,0.276,0.301 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 could be considered as the early,non-invasive biologic factors to reflect in patients of PNS with ATN.

Objective To design a novel electronic device for measuring the pressure in the cuff of the artificial airway; and to study the advantage of this device on continuous and intermittent cuff pressure monitoring. Methods ① a portable electronic device for cuff pressure measurement was invented, which could turn pressure signal into electrical signal through a pressure transducer. Meantime, it was possible to avoid pressure leak from the joint and the inside of the apparatus by modified Luer taper and sophisticated design. If the cuff pressure was out of the normal range, the apparatus could release a sound and light alarm. ② Six traditional mechanical manometers were used to determine the cuff pressure in 6 tracheal tubes. The cuff pressure was maintain at 30 cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa) by the manometer first, and repeated every 30 seconds for 4 times. ③ Study of continuous cuff pressure monitoring: We used a random number generator to randomize 6 tracheal tubes, 6 mechanical manometers and 6 our products by number 1-6, which has the same number of a group. Every group was further randomized into two balanced groups, one group used the mechanical manometer first, and the other used our product first. The baseline pressure was 30 cmH2O, measurement was performed every 4 hours for 6 times. Results When traditional mechanical manometer was used for cuff pressure monitoring, cuff pressure was decreased by an average of 2.9 cmH2O for each measurement (F = 728.2, P = 0.000). In study of continually monitoring, at each monitoring point, the pressure measured by electronic manometer was higher than the mechanical manometer. All the pressures measured by mechanical manometer were dropped below 20 cmH2O at 8th hour, and there was no pressure decrease below 20 cmH2O measured by electronic manometer in 24 hours by contrast. In study of intermittent monitoring, the same result was found. The pressure was dropped significantly with time when measured by mechanical manometer (F = 61.795, P = 0.000), the drops below 20 cmH2O began at 8th hour; but when measured by electronic manometer, all the value stayed unchanged around the baseline in 24 hours (F = 0.511, P = 0.796). Conclusions Compared with traditional mechanical manometer, cuff pressures monitored by our novel electronic manometer were steadier in both continuous and intermittent monitoring. The device is compact and convenient, and can provide a good solution for continuously monitor of the tracheal cuff pressure.

Objective To examine the relationship between renal vascular lesions and clinical prognosis in lupus nephritis patients. Methods Renal biopsy specimens and clinical data of 451 patients with lupus nephritis in our hospital from January 1998 to February 2006 were enrolled in this study. According to renal vascular lesions, those patients were classified into six groups: no renal vascular lesion (NVL), immune complex deposits (ICD), lupus vasculopathy (LV),thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), vasculitis (VAS) and arteriosclerosis (AS). The relationship of renal vascular lesions and the clinical features was retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) In 451 lupus nephritis patients, 247 eases (54.8%) had renal vascular lesion. The incidence of the ICD, LV, TMA, AS and VAS were 8.4%, 9.8%, 6.7%, 29.3% and 0.7%, respectively. (2) The incidence of vascular lesions in IV type lupus nephritis was 69.7%, which was higher than others.(3) Except ICD group, the incidences of renal insufficiency and hypertension were significantlyhigher in vascular lesion groups than those in NVL group (P<0.05). TMA group showed the most severe clinical manifestation, including anemia and depression of platelet. (4) The prognosis of TMAgroup was the worst. The prognosis among other groups was not significantly different.Conclusions Vascular lesions are common in lupus nephritis. TMA patients present not only the most severe clinical manifestation with the poorest prognosis. Other vascular lesions also indicate an elevation of blood pressure and Scr level, but without significant difference in prognosis.

Objective To analyze cases diagnosed with glomerular minor lesion (GML) by light microscopy and immunofluorescence,uncover their final pathology diagnosis by electron microscopy,and thereby clarify the pathological and clinical meaning of GML.Methods One hundred and forty-eight patients receiving renal biopsy between 2003 and 2008 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,with diagnosis of GML described by light microscopy and immunofluorescence examination were retrospectively studied.All the clinical data and pathological observation were collected and analyzed,including intact results of electron microscopic examination which were considered as golden standards of pathological diagnosis.Results The 148 patients with GML had heterogenous clinical features,with isolated hematuria as the most common presentation.Electron microscopy revealed various pathological presentations:thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN,66.2％),mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN,20.3％),Alport syndrome (2.7％),membranous nephropathy (MN,3.4％),normal tissue (4.7％).Among GML patients with isolated hematuria,TBMN ranked as the most common pathology (76.9％).Conclusions GML is only an equivocal description of pathological manifestation by light microscopy and immunofluorescence examination.And electron microscopy is necessary to obtain accurate pathology diagnosis for patients undergoing renal biopsies.