This article introduces the development of Common Terminology Criteria Adverse Events (CTCAE), and compares the characteristics of Common Terminology Criteria Adverse Events Version 3.0 (CTCAE v3.0) with CTCAE v4.0. The essential features of CTCAE v4.0 are reviewed, and the trends and prospects of CTCAE v4.0 in evaluation of adverse events in cancer treatment are analyzed. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is one of the most common medical emergencies in children.The fatality rate and disability rate are extremely high.Pathogenesis of PCAS remains incompletely clear,and clinical manifestation is complicated.The treatment is mainly limited to supportive care.In recent years,the phases of PCAS are defined according to the pathophysiological changes and clinical prognosis.Investigators also made some advances in the fields of pathophysiological changes and clinical treatment of brain damage and myocardial damage.For the treatment of PCAS,early therapeutic hypothermia,glucose control and seizure control,and reasonable cardiopulmonary support are promoted.In this article,we reviewed the advances in the above fields and the latest advance on the management of PCAS in foreign countries.

Objective To evaluate the application of tendency-oriented perimetry (TOP) in detecting the visual function of glaucoma. Methods The traditional threshold perimetry (Normal/Normal strategy) and TOP (TOP/Normal strategy) carried out by Octopus 101 perimetry were used to examine the visual field of 20 normal subjects (20 eyes), 32 cases (32 eyes) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 14 cases (14 eyes) of suspected POAG, respectively. The visual field outcomes, indices, point by point threshold variability and defective points of the two perimetries were compared and analysed. Results The negative rate of TOP was 90% in normal subjects. The positive rate of TOP was 75% in POAG , and 100% in middle and late stage of POAG. The visual field indices of two perimetries were positively correlated, with mean sensitivity (MS) of r=0.9335, mean defect (MD) of r=0.9189, and loss variance (LV) of r=0.9621. The point by point threshold variability and defective points of TOP were higher than those of traditional threshold perimetry, but the difference between the two perimetries was not significant (P=0.2019, P=0.4448). Conclusion The visual field indices of TOP and traditional threshold perimetry are positively correlated. The sensitivity and reproducibility of TOP are high in detecting the visual function of middle and late stage of POAG.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and distribution of pathogenic bacteria of urinary tract infection (UTI) patients with spi-nal cord injury (SCI). Methods A total of 452 patients with SCI collected from December, 2015 to June, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 104 cases (23.1%) were diagnosed as UTI. 119 strains were identified, including 96 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (80.7%) and 22 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (19.3%). Female, invasive operation, depressed lower limb muscle strength, neurogenic bladder and pre-vention of antibacterial agents use were considered to be the main risk infection factors. The invasive operation included indwelling urethral catheterization, intermittent catheterization and other transurethral operation. The incidence rate of UTI in patients with SCI who also accept-ed indwelling catheter was 100.0%. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria is the dominated pathogenic bacteria in SCI patients with UTI. It should be noticed the characteristics of pathogen, which both may have the high drug resistance rate and high separation rate, to select exact-ly antimicrobial agents to control the spread and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, patients with underlying diseases, inva-sive operation and lower strength should be monitored targeted.

3' Untranslated Regions ; genetics ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; genetics ; Enterovirus B, Human ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Humans ; Poly A ; genetics

Objective:To establish a method of isolating,culturing and identifing in bladder smooth muscle cell of rabbit. Methods: Bladder smooth muscle cells were isolated from two adult male New Zealand White rabbits by collagenase digestion and cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with calf bovine serum. Morphology and expansion of the cells were observed. Cells were identified by smear of smear electron microscope and immunohistochemical methods(immunostaining with anti-?-actin antibodies). Results: The cells grew well and presented atypical morphological feature of smooth muscle cell with invert microscope(forming the "hills and valleys"). Ninety-nine percent of the cells were smooth muscle cells identified by smear of smear,electron microscope and immunohistochemical methods.HE stain and immunostaining. Conclusion:This bladder smooth muscle cell of rabbit cultural method is convenience, fruitful and reliable.

Background Many methods are widely studied to improve the therapeutic effect of trabeculectomy for glaucoma,and the clinical effectiveness of the amniotic membrane application during trabeculectomy is one of the research hotspots.Objective This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety between trabeculectomy with (TE-AMT) and without amniotic membrane transplantation (TE-noAMT) for treating glaucoma.Methods Articles published from 1965 to December 2010 were searched from The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,CNKI,Chinese Biomedicine Database,internet by computer,and manual search then was performed according to the predetermined strategy.Randomized controlled trials (RCT) on TE-AMT and TE-noAMT were included.The quality of included articles were scored based on Jadad table,and the relative parameters and information were extracted,including author,design of the trials,country,number of eyes and patients,gender,follow-up duration,age,classification of glaucoma,baseline IOP and loss rate.The main analysis indicators were the percentage of IOP reduction,completely operative successful rate,qualified success rate and adverse events.The pooled estimates were carried out with RevMan version 5.0 software.Results Nineteen RCTs documents were reviewed by meta-analysis with the Jaded scores ≥3 in 2 papers and ＜3 in 17 papers.Total 977 eyes of 818 patients were included.The weighted mean differences (WMD) of the percentage of IOP from baseline were (WMD =8.47％,95％ CI:5.20-11.75) at 6 months and (WMD=9.37％,95％ CI:4.97-13.77) at 12 months postoperatively.Relative risk (RR) of complete success rate and qualified success rate at postoperative 6 months were (1.40,95％ CI:1.19-1.65) and (0.47,95％ CI:0.22-1.00),respectively.RR values of adverse event such as shallow anterior chamber,hyphema,hypotony and choroidal detachment,failed filtering blebs at 6,12 months were 0.51 (95 ％ CI:0.30-0.85),0.43 (95％ CI:0.20-0.92),0.51(95％CI:0.26-1.00) and 0.57(95％CI:0.14-2.31),0.31(95％CI:0.20-0.47),0.31 (95％ CI:0.17-0.55),respectively.Conclusions TE-AMT appears to have better efficacy in lowering IOP,increasing complete success rate and reducing adverse event I in comparison with TE-noAMT.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the most important pathogens in infants and young children with acute respiratory infections and other diseases. This article reviews the literature on HAdV, including its molecular biological characteristics, detection and typing, and pathogenic mechanism, the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of HAdV-related diseases, and the prevention and control of HAdV infections. So far, 67 types of HAdV have been identified, including recombinant variants discovered in recent years. The major epidemic strains that cause acute respiratory infections are HAdV-3 and HAdV-7, both of which belong to the subgroup B. HAdV often leads to acute respiratory infections, but it also causes diseases of other systems. HAdV-related diseases have similar clinical manifestations as those caused by other respiratory viruses, but often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. The pathogenic mechanism of HAdV remains unclear, especially for the new recombinant variants, due to few studies on their association with diseases. Because there are no prospective, large randomized controlled trials of HAdV infections, the treatment of HAdV infections is controversial. Vaccine is the most effective measure to reduce respiratory HAdV infections, but it is still not commercially available.
Adenovirus Infections, Human ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Animals ; Humans

Objective To assess the effect of suppression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R)in HO8910PM cell line by small interference RNA(siRNA).Methods Transfection of siRNA using liporectamine 2000 was conducted to silence IGF1R gene expression,the expression levels of IGF1R mRNA and protein were evaluated,and the effects on the cell cycles at 48 hours of transfection were assessed by real-time PCR,western blot and flow cytometry(FCM)assay respectively.The cell growth was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)at 24,48,72,96 hours of transfection.After 24 hours of transfection,the cells were cuhured with difierent concentrations of cisplatin(DDP)for 24 hours,the cell growth inhibition rate Was evaluated by CCK-8.Following incubation with 10μg/ml DDP for 24 hours after 24 hours of transfection,the apoptosis cells and the protein expression level of apoptosis-related gene,B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),were identified by FCM and western blot respectively.Resuits (1)Expression levels of IGF1R mRNA and protein were markedly decreased respectively at 48 hours of transfection IGF1R siRNA.(2)Suppression of IGF1R accompanied the reduction of cell growth at 48,72,96 hours of transfection with IGF1R siRNA,absorbance were 1.71±0.13,2.32±0.23,2.79±0.28 respectively (P＜0.01).(3)IGF1R siRNA induces arrest of G2 phase,the G2 phase rate of cells were 24.37%(P＜0.05).(4)Following treatment with 2.5,5,10,20μg/ml DDP for 24 hours after 24 hours of transfection,the cell growth inhibition rates were(25.94±0.08)%,(40.25±0.05)%,(59.48±0.03)%and(74.18±0.08)%respectively(P＜0.01).(5)Treatment with 10μg/ml DDP for 24 hours after 24 hours of transfection,induces 17.95%of cells apoptosis(P＜0.05),and decreases Bcl-2 protein level.Conclusion RNA interference of IGF1R gene induces the IGF1R silence in HO8910PM cell line significantly,inhibits cell growth in vitro, arrests the G2 phase, and enhances the chemosensitization to DDP.