BackgroundWith the increasing prevalence of dry eye and the continuous improvement of living standards,the problem of dry eye more and more get the attention of people.At present,China still lacks the large population-based epidemiological data of dry eye. Objective To investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors of dry eye in a community of Huidong County of population aged 14 and over.Methods From September 2010 to January 2011,using questionnaires and examination of dry eye related,2800 people were selected randomly for cross-sectional survey.Those suspected as dry eye were examed by the SchirmerⅠtest ( S Ⅱ T),tear-film breakup time(BUT),corneal fluorescein staining(F1).Results In the 2475 questionnaire effectively,154 persons were diagnosed as dry eye,and the prevalence rate of dry eye was 6.22％,8.06％in females,4.14％in males.The prevalence rate increases with age.The S Ⅰ T and BUT decreased with increasing age.S Ⅰ T and BUT in females are less than males.Foreign body sensation is the primary complaints of patients.Logistic analysis showed that the most common risk factors in dry eye are age and gender.The system disease and eye diseases,eye fatigue and long exposure to dust are also main determinants.ConclusionsThe population prevalence rate of dry eye increased with age,the prevalence rate of dry eye in females is higher than that in males.The key factors associated with dry eye are age,gender,systemic disease and eye diseases,occupation,working environment.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of bicuculline on the first spike latency of the neurons in the inferior colliculus of mice and investigate the role of GABA inhibition in sound signal processing of the neurons.

METHODSIn vivo extracellular recording was performed on the inferior colliculus of 13 BALB/c mice (4 to 5 weeks old) to record the neuronal response to pure tones. Bicuculline, a GABA-A receptor antagonist, was applied to the neurons iontophoretically through one channel in the three-barrel glass-pipettes. The first spike latency and other response properties of the characteristic frequency were recorded for analysis.

RESULTSA total of 30 well-isolated single neurons were recorded. Increased spike counts characterized 96% of the neurons, with either increased (40%) or decreased (60%) latency of neuronal responses. Characteristic frequency alterations occurred in 50% of the neurons with increased spike latency, and the minimum threshold showed linear changes.

CONCLUSIONGABAergic inhibition may participate in the latency formation and increased frequency selectivity of mouse inferior colliculus neurons by lateral inhibition. The changes in the first spike latency can be indicative of the information integration in GABAergic neurons at the synaptic level.

Acoustic Stimulation ; psychology ; Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Bicuculline ; pharmacology ; Female ; GABA Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Inferior Colliculi ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neurons ; physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; physiology

Objective To detect brain natriuretic peptide(BNPs) level in serum in order to confirm its applical value.Methods Forty-eight patients with congestive heart failure(CHF) were chosen,which included 36 patients with pneumonia,12 patients with congenital heart diseases.Forty heathy children were chosen as control group.BNPs level of two groups were detected by enzyme label.Results The level of BNP in patients with CHF(that′s positive group) was obviously higher than that in control group in the stage of CHF and recoverty(t=14.30,20.38 all P0.05),this included that the cardiac function had significantly changes in the stage of CHF,at the same time,the level of BNP had negative correlation to CI and LVEF(r=-0.61,-0.79 all P

ObjectiveTo explore the detection significance of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I),IGF-binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 30 ALL children without any medication;serum control samples were obtained from 30 cases of healthy children.There were no significant differences of body weight,age and sex between 2 groups.All children had no case history of liver,kidney,malnutrition and endocrine system disease.IGF-Ⅰ was determined by radioimmunoassay kit.IGFBP-3 was determined by immunoradiometric kit.The data were analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software.ResultsThe level of IGF-Ⅰ in ALL group [(18.95?4.02)?106 g/L] was significantly lower than that in control group [(34.12?7.86)?106 g/L](t =9.412P

Objective To improve the quality of health education to make burned patients receive timely and effective health education.Methods 100 inpatients were divided into study group and control group at random.the study group using clinical nursing pathway to give health education,the control group using traditional health education.Results The patient satisfaction was 96.0％ in the patients,satisfaction was 82.0％,the comparative differences between groups are statistically significant ( x2 =5.01,P ＜ 0.05 ).The health education with the mastery of the knowledge rate was 94.0％ and 70.0％ in control group,comparative differences between groups were statistically significant ( x2 =12.0,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Applying clinical nursing pathways carry out health education for burned diseases was an effective working methods.

Emerging data indicated that HCV subverts the antiviral activity of interferon (IF); however,whether HCV core protein contributes to the process remains controversial. In the present study, we examined the effect of HCV core protein on interferon-induced antiviral gene expression and whether the effect is involved in the activation and negative regulation of the Jak/STAT signaling pathway. Our results showed that, following treatment with IFN-α, the transcription of PKR, MxA and 2'-5'OAS were down-regulated in HepG2 cells expressing the core protein. In the presence of HCV core protein,ISRE-dependent luciferase activity also decreased. Further study indicated that the core protein could inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, whereas the level of STAT1 expression was unchanged.Accordingly, SOCS3, the negative regulator of the Jak/STAT pathway, was induced by HCV core protein. These results suggests that HCV core protein may interfere with the expression of some interferon-induced antiviral genes by inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation and induction of SOCS3.

Humans ; Homicide ; Forensic Pathology

AIMTo elucidate effects and mechanisms of emodin in prostate cancer cells.

METHODSViability of emodin-treated LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells was measured by MTT assay. Following emodin treatments, DNA fragmentation was assayed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Apoptosis rate and the expression of Fas and FasL were assayed by flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA expression levels of androgen receptor (AR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), p53, p21, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Fas were detected by RT-PCR, and the protein expression levels of AR, p53 and p21 were detected by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSIn contrast to PC-3, emodin caused a marked increase in apoptosis and a decrease in cell proliferation in LNCaP cells. The expression of AR and PSA was decreased and the expression of p53 and p21 was increased as the emodin concentrations were increased. In the same time, emodin induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells through the upregulation of caspase-3 and -9, as well as the increase of Bax /Bcl-2 ratio. However, it did not involve modulation of Fas or caspase-8 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONIn prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, emodin inhibites the proliferation by AR and p53-p21 pathways, and induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Emodin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between two exonic polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XPC and the susceptibility to lung cancer.

METHODSGenotypes were determined by the primer introduced restriction analysis-PCR(PIRA-PCR) and the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) approaches, respectively, in 320 histologically-confirmed lung cancer cases and 322 age and sex frequency-matched cancer-free controls.

RESULTSMultivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals carrying at least one 499Val variant allele (Ala/Val + Val/Val genotypes) had a significantly increased risk for lung cancer (adjusted OR=1.54; 95%CI: 1.11-2.14), compared with the wild-type genotype (499Ala/Ala). Furthermore, individuals with both putative risk genotypes had a significantly higher risk (adjusted OR=2.55; 95%CI: 1.45-4.52), compared with those with both wild-genotypes. In addition, a potential super multiplicative gene-environment interaction between Ala499Val genotypes and smoking on lung cancer risk was unveiled. The odds ratios of lung cancer for individuals with both putative risk genotypes were 2.63 (95%CI=1.23-5.62) in nonsmokers and 7.36 (95%CI=3.19-17.0) in smokers, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese findings support the hypothesis that these two XPC variants may contribute to the risk of developing lung cancer.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; ethnology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of endoluminal ultrasonography (EUS) and spiral computed tomography (SCT) in preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma.

METHODSBoth EUS and SCT were performed prior to surgery in 68 patients with rectal carcinoma. After radical surgery, the preoperative findings were compared with histologic findings of the operative specimens, and the efficacy of EUS and SCT in staging the rectal carcinoma were evaluated.

RESULTSFor T stage, EUS accuracy was 86.8%, while SCT was 70.6%. The difference was significant (P<0.05). For N stage, EUS accuracy was 67.6% and SCT was 63.2%. The difference was not significant (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONEUS is superior to SCT for the judgement of tumor infiltration depth, but neither is able to provide satisfactory assessment of lymph node metastases.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Ultrasonography, Interventional