To observe different expression patterns of β-catenin and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods A total of 181 cases of CRC tissues and 30 cases of normal colorectal tissue were investigated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of β-catenin.Results The expression rate of β-catenin was 56.9％ (103/181) in CRC,and higher than that in normal colorectal tissue (P ＜ 0.05).The overexpression of nuclear β-catenin was significantly correlated with histological differentiation,lymph node metastasis and Dukes' stage in CRC (P ＜ 0.05),and no relationship with other pathological parameters,such as age,gender and the depth of infiltration.The incomplete membranous expression of β-catenin was significantly correlated with histological differentiation,the depth of infiltration,lymph node metastasis and Dukes' stage in CRC (P ＜ 0.05).The high expression of nuclear β-catenin related to histological differentiation and Dukes' stage in CRC (P ＜ 0.05).In the follow-up data of 82 cases of CRC,the expression of nuclear β-catenin was associated with poor prognosis,and the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower than that of self-control groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion β-catenin plays important roles in colorectal carcinogenesis.Abnormal expression of β-catenin was related to the aggressive progression of CRC and may be helpful for evaluating the prognosis of patients with CRC.β-catenin is expected to become a new target for diagnosis and treatment of CRC in future.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. We have previously identified the benzoyl sulfathiazole derivative II as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor with in vivo insulin sensitizing effects. Preliminary SAR study on this compound series has been carried out herein, and thirteen new compounds have been designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 10 exhibited potent inhibition against human recombinant PTP1B with the IC50 value of 3.97 micromol x L(-1), and is comparable to that of compound II.
Humans ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfathiazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common metabolic neuropsychiatric syndrome in the development of end-stage liver disease. Since the concept of intestinal-liver-brain axis was proposed, the relationship between the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and the gut microbiota has been a hot research topic. In recent years, studies have confirmed that gut microbiota is involved in and affects various pathological processes of hepatic encephalopathy. This article combines the latest research progress at home and abroad to elaborate on the research status of regulating gut microbiota and thus interfering with the pathological process of hepatic encephalopathy, hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the intervention of hepatic encephalopathy based on the regulation of gut microbiota.

To study the chemical constituents of the inflorescences of Coreopsis tinctoria from Xinjiang, isolation and purification of constituents were carried out by column chromatography on macroporous resin (D101) , MCI gel, MDS gel, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicchemical properties and spectral data analysis. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as coretinterpenoid A (1), coretinphenol (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), luteolin (5), taxifolin (6), 7, 3', 5'-trihydroxyflavanone (7), isookanin (8), isookanin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 5, 7, 3', 5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), butein (11), okanin (12), sulfuretin (13), and linocinnamarin (14). Compound 1 was a new isabolane-type sesquiterpenoid and compounds 4, 10 and 13 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Coreopsis ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Plants in Ainsliaea genus, belongs to Compositae family, are traditional Chinese medicine and widely used in folk. These plants contain various types of chemical components, and main components are sesquiterpene lactone and its glycosides. In addition, there are triterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic acid, long chain fatty acid and volatile oils. Recently, much attention has been payed to varlous research of A. fragrans. This paper reviewed and summarized the chemical components to provide the theoretical basis for the use of Ainsliaea.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure

Objective To study the growth inhibition,apoptosis induction effects of cinobufagin(CB)on human osteosarcoma(OS) cell line U2OS,MG63 and SaO2 in vitro and the underlying mechanism of action of cinobufagin in OS cells.Methods Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay.Cell-cycle status,apoptosis-inducing effects were evaluated by flow cytometry,fluorescent staining and DNA fragmentation assays.Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and Bcl-2 family proteins including Bax,cleaved-PARP,xIAP,cIAP-1,survivin and p65 were tested by Western blot.Results MTT assay showed that CB could inhibited the growth of U2OS,MG63 and SaO2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The 48 h IC50 of CB on U2OS,MG63 and SaO2 cells were (104.83± 16.96) nmol/L,(47.07±7.5) nmol/L,and (136.72±10.08) nmol/L respectively.The induction of G2/M cell-cycle arrest was seen in the cells treated with CB.After cells were cultured for 12 h in the presence of 100 nmol/L CB,the percentages of cells in the G0/G1 phase were decreased,while G2/M phase were increased in U2OS,MG63 and SaOS2 cells,respectively.The results showed CB inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells through blocking the cell cycle in G2/M phase.Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/PI staining.After treating with 100 nmol/L CB for 48 h,the extents of apoptosis were 33.6％±6.4％,36.4％±7.8％ and 29.3％±5.1％,respectively.These results indicate that the anti-tumor activity of cinobufagin in osteosarcoma cells was due to a G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducing effect.Western blot showed that CB could induce the apoptosis related family proteins Bax,cleaved-PARP up-regulation,xIAP,cIAP-1,survivin and p65 downregulation in OS cells.Conclusion CB can inhibit the cell viability and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in U2OS,MG63 and SaO2 cells.The apoptosis-inducing effect of CB is confirmed by the regulation of apoptosis related proteins IAPs and Bcl-2 in vitro.

Objective To investigate the expression of musashi-1(msi-1)and its significances in small intestinal mucous severely damaged by high close 5-FU.Methods Total 40 adult C57BL/6J mice were divided into control group(n= 8,group D)and experimental group(n=32).Mice in control group received intraperitoneal injection of PBS as control,and mice in experimental group were intraperitoneally injected high dose 5-FU(150 mg per kg of body weigh for five days).After treatment 1 day(group A),3 days(group B)and 5 days( group C),the dying mice were killed,HE straining and immunohistochemical technique were carried out for detecting the expression of putative marker of intestinal epithelial stem cells——musashi-1(msi-1)in the samples of the meddle intestine,and the percentage of the msi-1 positive cells from the intestinal mucosal cells of the mice in group A was detected by flow cytometry.Results After the treatment of high dose 5-FU,the intestinal mucous was damaged severely;the number of msi-1 positive cells increased markedly;The intestinal mucosal cells can be divided into two groups by flow cytometry,and in the group in which the value of FSC was higher,the percentage of msi-1 positive cells increased to 67.75 %.Conclusions After the treatment of high dose of 5-FU,the percentage of intestinal stem cells increased significantly;this model may be useful for further isolation and enrichment of intestinal epithelial stem cells.

The essential medium of B115 composed of 1% tryptone, 0.25% yeast extract and 0.5% sodium chloride was determined by using an orthogonal design. The orthogonal design was also employed in testing the optimum additions. It was composed of 0.1%(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),1.4%K_(2)HPO_(4), 0.6% KH_(2)PO_(4) and 0.1% (Na_(3)C_(6)H_(5)O_(7)). The yield of B115 cultured in optimum medium was compared with the one in essential medium. Statistic analysis showed that the growth of B115 was most significantly improved by adding K~(+)、NH~+_(4) and (Na_(3)C_(6)H_(5)O_(7)) to essential medium. The antibacterial effect of Bacillus subtilis strain B115 on pathogenic Aeromonas was studied. The results showed different antibacterial effects of B115 on different aeromonads. There were obvious antibacterial effects on BSK-10 and CL990920, while no effect on the growth of TL970424.

Objective To understand the situations of home establishments and the related domestic behaviors that causing injuries. Methods A total of 9760 families with regular residents in a community in Shanghai were investigated. Questionnaire was designed bascd on the Guidelines for Conducting Community Surveys on Injuries and Violence and International Classification of External Causes of Injuries. Results Inside the home settings, relative factors were found on issues as fire protection and using of electricity. In terms of household settings, 14.85% of the families had smoke alarm systems in the kitchen; 40.75% had no windows set for emergence. 50% to 70% of the residents had the idea of safe behaviors, including 35.93% of the families stored cleaning products,other chemicals or medical substances in alternative containers, such as used drinking bottle. Only 1.81% of the people being investigated thought that home was also a high risk place where injury might occur and it was placed number 9 in a multiple choice questionnaire. Data from the multiple level model analysis showed that factors as number of family members, space, education, profession etc. were closely related to the situation of home settings and their resident's behaviors. Conclusion Many injury related factors were found related to home establishments and people' s daily behaviors at home which called for interventions to be taken.

The purpose of our present work was to study the discharge of bursting-firing neurons (BFNs) in ipsilateral or contralateral hippocampus (HPC), and its relations to the reestablishment of local epileptic networks. The experiments were performed on 140 Sprague Dawley male rats (150-250 g). Acute tetanization (60 Hz, 2 s, 0.4 -0.6 mA) of the right posterior dorsal hippocampus (ATPDH) was administered to establish rat epilepsy model. The single unit discharges and the depth electrographs were simultaneously recorded from ipsilateral or contralateral HPC. In other experimental rats, acute tetanization of the right anterior dorsal HPC (ATADH) was used. Extracellular unit discharges in the CA1 region were simultaneously recorded from bilateral anterior dorsal hippocampi. Analysis of hippocampal BFN firing patterns before or after administration of the tetanization was focused on according to their location in the HPC epileptic networks in vivo. Single unit discharges of 138 hippocampal neurons were recorded from ipsilateral and/or contralateral anterior dorsal HPC. Of the 138 neurons recorded, 19 were BFNs. 13 BFNs were tetanus-evoked and the remaining 6 were spontaneous ones. The evoked reactions of the single hippocampal neuron induced by the tetanization mainly included: (1) the firing patterns of the BFNs in ipsilateral anterior dorsal HPC were obviously modulated by the ATPDH from tonic firing into rhythmic bursting. The bursting interspike intervals (BISI) decreased. (2) There were mild modulations of the firing patterns of the BFNs in contralateral anterior dorsal HPC following post-inhibition of the firing rate of single neuron induced by the ATPDH. The interspike intervals (ISI) increased obviously. (3) Post-facilitation of rhythmic bursting-firing of the BFNs in contralateral anterior dorsal HPC was induced by ATADH; both the ISI and the IBI increased. (4) Synchronous or asynchronous rhythmic bursting-firing of the BFNs and the network epileptiform events ipsilateral or contralateral anterior dorsal HPC were elicited by the ATPDH. The results obtained suggest that bursting-firing of single BFNs is produced by the ATPDH in the anterior dorsal HPC along the longitudinal axis of the ipsilateral HPC or across the hemisphere to the opposite HPC. Rhythmic activities of the BFN may be implicated in the epileptic network reestablishment of the HPC. On the other hand, synaptic modulation of the BFN temporal series might be responsible for pathophysiological information transmission in the HPC-epileptic network.
Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nerve Net ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptic Transmission