In general,the students in Chinese medical universities have technophobia in nuclear medicine experiment,which gives reduction to the cognition and learning of the students.Based on the analysis of the students' psychology and learning,special countermeasures in teaching,therefore,should be used in the conquest of the students' psychological obstacle in order to improve teaching quality of nuclear medicine experiment.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of 3D-laparoscopic surgery in adrenalpheochromocytomas /paragangliomas.Methods From December 2012 to July 2014,23 cases of adrenal pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas were treated by 3D-laparoscopic surgery.Among them,7 cases were male and 16 cases were female,whose mean age are 47 (32-68) years old.Their clinical symptoms including sustained hypertension in 11 cases,intermittent hypertension in 8 cases,sustained hypertension with intermittent progression in 2 cases and asymptom in 2 cases.All tumors were diagnosed by endocrine examination,image test and nuclear medicine.Mean diameter of tumors are 8 cm,ranged from 3-14cm.In order to adjust the blood pressure,patients took α-receptor blocker for 2-4 weeks preoperatively.Under the general anesthesia,19 patients received the 3D-laparoscopic surgery via retroperitoneal approach and 4 cases received the procedure via peritoneal approach.Results All operations were completed successfully.There were no major intraoperative complications.Mean operating time was (78 ± 21) min and mean estimated blood loss was (54.8 ± 36.3) ml.Mean hospital stay after operation was (3.8 ± 1.4) days.The pathological diagnosis included pheochromocytomas in 15 cases and paragangliomas in 8 cases.During the 3 to 18 months following up,no recurrence or metastasis was found in this study.Conclusions 3D-laparoscopic surgery has obvious advantage in spatial location and the sense of depth for adrenal pheochromocytomas /paragangliomas,which shortens the operation time and increase the safety obviously.

Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning ; complications ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; Renal Insufficiency ; chemically induced

Brain ; pathology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the change of Th immunological gene in renal transplant recipients after the treatment of cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506).

METHODSThe peripheral blood lymphacytes just before and 24 hours after CsA and FK506 treatment were isolated. The total RNA of them were reverse-transcripted and examined by real-time quantity PCR array. The results were analyzed by bioinformatic methods.

RESULTSThe TLR4, CEBPB, IL4R, IL1R1,IL18R1,and IL1R2 genes were remarkably upregulated, whereas IL-2, CCL5, CD27, CCR5, CCR4, CD4, RPL13A, TGFB3, CD86, CCR3, STAT1, NFATC2IP, IL23A, IL15, IRF4, and TFCP2 were downregulated 24 hours after CsA treatment. The IL18, IL7, PTPRC, TNFSF4, SPP1, GFI1, TLR4, IL13RA1, TNF, INHBA, LAG3, IL13, IL1R1, SOCS5, IL10, YY1, TBX21, FASLG, IL18R1, and IL1R2 genes were remarkably upregulated, whereas IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6,CCR5, CD4, CD27, CD40LG, IL15, CCR3, CD86, CCR4, and IRF4 were obviously downregulated 24 hours after FK506 treatment.

CONCLUSIONCsA and FK506 exert their therapeutic effectiveness by regulating the expressions of a series of target genes.

Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kidney Transplantation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Tacrolimus ; pharmacology

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of a digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).MethodsThe computed tomography scan data for 13 patients with HAE who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2011 to October 2011 were reconstructed and analyzed by a three-dimensional reconstruction system to assess resectability,and to facilitate surgical planning and individualized virtual surgery.The results of preoperative analysis were compared with the results of actual operations.ResultsThe three-dimensional models of the liver were reconstructed successfully,and intrahepatie lesions and vessels were clearly displayed.One patient received an autologous liver transplantation,10 underwent hepatectomy,and 2 received percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage.Virtual operation planning was carried out for 11 patients using the three-dimensional reconstruction system.The mean volume of the liver to be resected was predicted to be 920 ml (range,339-2678 ml),and the mean percentage of liver to be resected to the total liver volume was predicted to be 45％ ( range,23％ -68％ ).The mean volume o[ the actual liver resection was 834 ml (range,315-2250 m[),and the mean percentage of actual liver resected to the total liver volume was 42％ (range,22％ -70％ ),which was consistent with the results of preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction.All patients were followed up for 2-8 months,and no severe complications such as liver failure,hemorrhage and bile leakage were detected.ConclusionDigital three-dimen-sional reconstruction is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of HAE and effectively reduces surgical risks.

Objective To explore the quality of life (QOL) and its influential factors among patients with 3 major rheumatic diseases. Methods A total of 216 patients with rheumatic diseases (84 patients with systemic lu- pus erythematosus, SLE, 83 with rheumatoid arthritis, RA, and 49 with ankylosing spondylitis, AS) were recruited. The information with regard to their quality of life, sociopsychological factors and the evaluation of disease activity were obtained by using the medical outcomes study short form-36 (SF-36) and clinic documents. Results Patients with rheumatic diseases scored significantly lower with each subscale of SF-36 as compared to those of a healthy popu- lation in China (P

BACKGROUNDBlood loss after cardiac surgery can be caused by impaired platelet (PLT) function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Desmopressin or 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic analog of vasopressin. DDAVP can increase the level of von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor VIII, thus it may enhance PLT function and improve coagulation. In this study, we assessed the effects of DDAVP on PLT aggregation and blood loss in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODSA total of 102 patients undergoing valvular heart surgery (from October 2010 to June 2011) were divided into DDAVP group (n = 52) and control group (n = 50). A dose of DDAVP (0.3 μg/kg) was administered to the patients intravenously when they were being re-warmed. At the same time, an equal volume of saline was given to the patients in the control group. PLT aggregation rate was measured with the AggRAM four-way PLT aggregation measurement instrument. The blood loss and transfusion, hemoglobin levels, PLT counts, and urine outputs at different time were recorded and compared.

RESULTSThe postoperative blood loss in the first 6 h was significantly reduced in DDAVP group (202 ± 119 ml vs. 258 ± 143 ml, P = 0.023). The incidence of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion was decreased postoperatively in DDAVP group (3.8% vs. 12%, P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in the PLT aggregation, urine volumes, red blood cell transfusions and blood loss after 24 h between two groups.

CONCLUSIONSA single dose of DDAVP can reduce the first 6 h blood loss and FFP transfusion postoperatively in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery, but has no effect on PLT aggregation.

Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects

Adenoidectomy ; statistics & numerical data ; Atlanto-Axial Joint ; Child ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; etiology ; Postoperative Complications

Birth Weight ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; Male ; Risk Factors