The reproductive toxicity of environmental endocrine disruptors has attracted substantial attention from researchers in recent years. Bisphenol A (BPA) is among the most prominent environmental estrogens worldwide, demonstrated to be related with the impairment of male reproductive function as well as other health problems, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. BPA acts primarily by mimicking antiandrogenic and estrogenic effects, disturbing the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and modulating gene expressions and enzyme activities in the hormone biosynthesis affecting steroids or its receptors. BPA is also involved in DNA methylation and the effects of epigenetics, resulting in dyszoospermia, oligoasthenoteratospermia/azoospermia and/or infertility in males. This review addresses the effects of BPA on male reproductive function, focusing on the mechanisms of its toxicity on spermatogenesis, semen quality, and the reproductive system.
Benzhydryl Compounds ; toxicity ; Endocrine Disruptors ; toxicity ; Endocrine System ; drug effects ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Estrogens ; toxicity ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; chemically induced ; Male ; Phenols ; toxicity ; Semen Analysis ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects

Animals ; Autophagy ; Coronaviridae ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Coronaviridae Infections ; physiopathology ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Replication

AIM: To study the quality standard of Sanqi Capsule s. METHODS:The content of ginsenoside Rg 1 and ginsenoside Rb 1 were dertermined by HPLC-ELSD. RESULTS:Ginsenoside Rg 1 showed a good linear relationship at the range of 1.3?g ～ 6.5?g (r= 0.9994 ). The average recovery o f ginsenoside Rg 1 was 98.30% , and RSD was 1.20% (n=5). Ginseno side Rb 1 showed a good linear relationship at the range of 1.0?g ～ 5.0 ?g (r= 0.9996 ). The average re covery of ginsenoside Rb 1 was 97.12% , and RSD was 1.17% (n=5). CONCLUSION:The method is efficient and accurate wi th a good repeatability and can be used for the quality control of Sanqi Capsule s.

Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer worldwide,and there are still half of the patients undergoing recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment,so it is necessary for colorectal cancer patients to receive radiation therapy routinely.Due to the side effects brought by radiotherapy,it is of great importance to solve how to minimize the radiation dose in radiation therapy and improve radiation sensitivity.In recent years,people discovered that microRNAs can not only be involved in the origins of colorectal cancer and progress,but also play a increasingly important role in cancer radiosensitivity.MicroRNAs can regulate tumor radiosensitivity by influencing tumor microenvironment and function on target genes.DNA damage response caused by radiation includes the activation of ATM,histone modification and chromatin remodeling,cell cycle arrest,damage repair and apoptosis.microRNAs can regulate tumor radiosensitivity through above processes.This review focuses on the mechanism of microRNAs in affecting DNA damage repair and prospects the future of microRNAs in influencing the sensitivity of cancer radiotherapy in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of determining the maximum comfortabl level by using the acoustically evoked stapedius reflex threshold via cochlear implant. METHODS Eleve cases of Nucleus C124 cochlear implant recipients operated in our hospital were selected(8-39 years old, who can decide TIC value by themselves with the postoperative time ranging from device initiation to 1 year after operation),of those four cases were diagnosed as bilateral large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,1 case as common cavity dysplasia,.neural response telemetry of these five patients with inner ear dysplasia were very high or barely measurable.Real-MCL level and acoustically evoked stapedius reflex threshold under activated condition were measured respectively. The stimulating sound was 110dB of white noise.RESULTS The two group values of ASRT and real-MCL were found to be consistant .There is no significant difference statistically (P＞0.05). The thresholds of ASR increase with the increasing of real-MCL at the beginning of device initiation. CONCLUSION The acoustically evoked stapedius reflex threshold may reflect (ASRT) the maximum comfortable stimulation level under activated conditions in patients with cochlear implants.it is simple, reliable and may be used to determine the MCL of child cochlear implanted patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of paired box2(Pax2),proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and cell apoptosis in steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant groups with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and to find out the action of Pax2 expression in PNS with steroid-resistance.Method The expressions of Pax2,PCNA were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and cell apoptosis by fluorescence micoscope.Results Pax2 expression in renal tubule had a positive correlation with PCNA expression in steroid-sensitive group.In steroid-resistant group,Pax2 expression had no correlation with PCNA.Pax2 had a negative correlation with cell apoptosis.Conclusions Pax2 proper expression facilitate PCNA expression and repair tubulointerstitial lesions in steroid-sensitive group.Renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation coordinated with cell apoptosis.Pax2 overexpression in steroid-resistant group lead to the decrease of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis and lead to the severe tubule lesions,which made to glucocorticoid resistance.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and metformin in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and influencing factors of remission rate of diabetes.Methods The case-control study was conducted.The clinical data of 172 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu (43 patients) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (129 patients) from June 2010 to June 2015 were collected.Of 172 patients,82 undergoing LRYGB were allocated into the group A and 90 taking oral metformin were allocated into the group B.Observation indicators:(1) follow-up situations;(2) comparison of metabolic indices after treatment between the 2 groups;(3) influencing factors analysis of remission rate of diabetes in patients undergoing LRYGB;(4) influencing factors analysis of remission rate of diabetes in patients taking oral metformin.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect occurrence of treatment-related complications up to January 2017,and metabolic indices were measured regularly.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the independent-sample t test.Repeated measurement data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.Comparisons of count data were evaluated by the chi-square test.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were respectively done using the chi-square test and Logistic regression model.Results (1) Follow-up situations:172 patients were followed up after treatment for 19-43 months,with a median time of 28 months.During the follow-up,5 patients complicated with mild diarrhea and 1 complicated with iron deficiency anemia at 1 year postoperatively were improved by symptomatic treatment in the group A,and there was no treatment-related complications in the group B.(2) Comparison of metabolic indices after treatment between 2 groups:body mass,BMI,2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2HPBG),2-hour postprandial serum C-peptide,glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb),fasting insulin,2-hour postprandial insulin (2HPI),low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cases with hypertension in the group A were (89±6) kg,(31.5±2.0) kg/m2,(19.4±3.9) mmol/L,(3.52± 0.32) μg/L,15.7％ ±5.3％,(8.0± 1.4) uIU/L,(20.6± 2.5) uIU/L,(3.7 ± 1.3) mmol/L,24 before LRYGB and(77±16)kg,(24.2±2.9)kg/m2,(10.6±2.6) mmol/L,(7.19± 2.23) μg/L,5.3％±4.5％,(9.2± 4.3)uIU/L,(28.3±2.9)uIU/L,(2.2±2.1)mmol/L,9 after LRYGB,respectively,with statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative indicators (F=2.112,3.026,1.253,2.107,1.257,3.473,1.223,2.584,x2 =8.540,P ＜ 0.05).Fasting blood glucose,2HPBG,fasting serum C-peptide,2-hour postprandial serum C-peptide,GHb,fasting insulin and 2HPI in the group B were (11.3±2.5)mmol/L,(18.5± 4.4) mmol/L,(1.54±0.33) μg/L,(3.57±0.91) μg/L,17.5％ ±8.0％,(8.2± 1.3) uIU/L,(21.2±2.6) uIU/L before taking oral metformin and (6.6 ± 1.1) mmol/L,(10.2 ± 2.8) mmol/L,(3.52 ± 1.34) μg/L,(7.68 ± 1.94) μg/L,5.4％ ±2.1％,(9.6± 3.9) uIU/L,(30.3± 3.1) uIU/L after taking oral metformin,respectively,with statistically significant differences between before and after taking oral metformin (F=1.245,3.224,3.127,2.064,3.672,2.074,1.137,P＜0.05).Remission rate of diabetes and excess weight loss (EWL) in patients after treatment were 14.6％,80％ ± 15％ in the group A and 11.1％,60％ ± 10％ in the group B,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in body mass,BMI and EWL after treatment between the 2 groups (t=1.973,2.326,2.347,P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference in remission rate of diabetes between the 2 groups (x2 =0.477,P＞0.05).(3) Influencing factors analysis of remission rate of diabetes in patients undergoing LRYGB:the results of univariate analysis showed that BMI,diabetes duration and LDL were factors affecting remission rate of diabetes in patients undergoing LRYGB,with statistically significant differences (x2=11.267,9.519,5.567,P＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that diabetes duration ＜ 10 years was an independent factor affecting good remission rate of diabetes in patients undergoing LRYGB,with statistically significant differences [OR=2.202,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.418-3.420,P＜0.05].(4) Influencing factors analysis of remission rate of diabetes in patients taking oral metformin:the results of univariate analysis showed that diabetes duration,GHb and LDL were factors affecting remission rate of diabetes in patients taking oral metformin,with statistically significant differences (x2 =6.306,7.758,4.652,P＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that GHb ＜ 15.0％ was an independent factor affecting good remission rate of diabetes in patients taking oral metformin,with statistically significant differences (OR=3.167,95％CI:1.586-6.325,P＜0.05).Conclusions LRYGB and oral metformin in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are safe and effective,showing an equivalent remission rate of diabetes,and LRYGB had an advantage of weight loss.Diabetes duration ＜ 10 years and GHb ＜ 15.0％ are respectively independent factors affecting good remission rate of diabetes in patients undergoing LRYGB and taking oral metformin.

To enhance the capacity for extending and applying appropriate health technologies in rural areas in China,this paper proposes a supportive policy system that incoperates macro,average and microlevels. Thepolicysystemfocusesonorientation, incentives, regulationsand standardization,and its objectives and measures of each level are described.The policy system will contribute to the sustainable development rural health work.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gentamicins ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; Rats

Coccidioides ; Coccidioidomycosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male