Objective To compare the differences in histological morphology and hemodynamics between benign and malignant tumor, as well as differences between the different perfusional regions in tumors of the same type. Methods Thirty cases with malignant breast carcinoma and 30 cases with fibroadenoma were inspected by contrast enhanced ultrasound with time-intensity quantitive analysis. Perfusion index like peak intensity(PI), area under the curve(AUC), time to peak(TTP) and wash-out time (WOT) were collected both inside and at the margin of focus. The ultrastructures of new microvessesl were observed routinely with microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results The curve of malignant tumor group was characterized as ascend rapidly and drop slowly while the benign group presented as ascend slowly and drop rapidly. The AUC and WOT of malignant tumor group were significantly higher than that of benign group,while the PI and TTP had no statistical difference. In malignant tumor group,PI, AUC and WOT of the margin of focus were significantly higher than that of inside region of focus,while TTP was the opposite. However,there was no statistical differences between the perfusion parameter inside and outside of focus in benign group. The ultrastructures of newly built blood vessels in malignant group had strong ability to split,which was different from normal endothelium cells but was similar to other tumor foci. The margin of foci were characterized with dilatating and distorting vessels,and the center of the foci were occupied by narrow,occlusive new vessels and contracted anamorphic endothelium cells and pericytes. Rich microvessel areas located in the margin of foci. Conclusions The perfusion pattern,modality of time-intensity curve, mean perfusion parameter and variance of regional perfusion parameters are valuable diagnostic basis in discriminating benign and malignant breast tumor. The density,modality,distribution,structure and function of new microvessels in tumor focus are also keystone factors when tumors are assessed by means of imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare nimodipine/tetramethylpyrazine-loaded poly[poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA] dual-drug nanoparticles (nimodipine/tetramethylpyrazine-PLGA-nanoparticles, NMD/TMP-PLGA-NPs), and investigate the in vitro release behavior and brain distribution. METHODS: NMD/TMP-PLGA-NPs were prepared by optimized emulsion solvent evaporation method with PLGA as a carrier material; the morphology of NMD/TMP-PLGA-NPs was observed by transmission electron microscope; the mean particle size, particle size distribution and Zeta potential were measured by laser particle size analyzer; the entrapment efficiency and drug loading were measured by ultracentrifugation; the in vitro release behavior was studied by dialysis; the brain distribution was compared with NMD-suspension and NMD-PLGA-NPs. RESULTS: The NMD/TMP-PLGA-NPs were spherical; the mean particle size, particle size distribution and Zeta potential of NPs were (631.60±3.20) nm, (0.097±0.007), (-29.25±1.87) mV, respective-ly. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading of NMD were (76.25±1.18)% and (1.24±0.01)%, while those of TMP were (39.30±1.00)% and (6.34±0.11)%, respectively. The profiles of in vitro release had the features of sustained release. The ALC0→t of NMD-suspension, NMD-PLGA-NPs and NMD/TMP-PLGA-NPs were 0.2683, 0.4596 and 0.8815 μg·min·mL-1, and the addition of TMP promoted the reach of highest brain concentration. CONCLUSION: NMD/TMP-PLGA-NPs are prepared successfully and show sustained-release in vitro, and the distribution of NMD into brain was increased significantly with the addition of TMP.

Objective To investigate the expression of paired box2(Pax2),proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and cell apoptosis in steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant groups with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and to find out the action of Pax2 expression in PNS with steroid-resistance.Method The expressions of Pax2,PCNA were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and cell apoptosis by fluorescence micoscope.Results Pax2 expression in renal tubule had a positive correlation with PCNA expression in steroid-sensitive group.In steroid-resistant group,Pax2 expression had no correlation with PCNA.Pax2 had a negative correlation with cell apoptosis.Conclusions Pax2 proper expression facilitate PCNA expression and repair tubulointerstitial lesions in steroid-sensitive group.Renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation coordinated with cell apoptosis.Pax2 overexpression in steroid-resistant group lead to the decrease of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis and lead to the severe tubule lesions,which made to glucocorticoid resistance.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gentamicins ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To determine the contents of free ferulic acid and total ferulic acid in different processed products of Rhizoma Chuanxiong.Methods With methanol-formic acid(95∶5) as the extraction solvent for free ferulic acid and with methanol-2% NaHCO3 water solution(95∶5) as the extraction solvent for total ferulic acid,ultrasonic method was used for the extraction.The contents of free ferulic acid and total ferulic acid were determined by HPLC,and the chromatographic conditions were as follows: C18 column(250mm?4.6mm,5?m),the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-1%acetic acid solution(20∶80),the detecting wavelength at 320nm,flow rate being 1.0 mL/min and detection at room temperature.Results The average contents of free ferulic acid and total ferulic acid in Rhizoma Chuanxiong roasted by wine were higher than those in raw and other processed Rhizoma Chuanxiong,and free ferulic acid content in raw and different processed Rhizoma Chuanxiong was lower than the total ferulic acid content.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and can be used for the quality control standard for Rhizoma Chuanxiong,and the chemical assay of total ferulic acid content would be a better choice of assessing the herbal quality of Rhizoma Chuanxiong.

The graphene prepared by chemical vapor deposition onto copper foils was transferred onto a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) soft substrate by the aid of poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA).The soft G/AuNPs/GOD composite electrode based on PET substrate was fabricated using a protocol in which the uniform distribution of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was firstly obtained by controlling the evaporation of gold sol on a graphene surface, then thioglycolic acid (TGA) was modified on the AuNPs through Au-S bond, and finally glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the surface of AuNPs through acylation reaction between TGA and the GOD.Glucose was detected in the linear range from 0.05 to 10.55 mmol/L with a linear correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9955.The detection was performed in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) at 25℃ with a working potential of 0.6 V (vs.SCE electrode), and the detection limit was 1 μmol/L (3σ).The G/AuNPs/GOD flexible electrode based on PET substrate provided a new pathway to detect glucose in special environments using wearable equipment, which enlarged the applied field of glucose detection.

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the extract of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma and the optimization of synthesis was studied. The absorbance of UV-visible spectroscopy was determined under the different influencing factors such as extracting time of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma powder, reation temperature of synthesis, volume of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma extract and concentration of AgNO3 to seek the optimization conditions. By means of FT-IR, TEM, DLS and XRD, the silver nanoparticles were characterized. The results showed that when the boiling time of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma powder was 5 min, resultant temperature was 25 degrees C, the volume ratio of 0.1 g x mL(-1) Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma extract and 1 mmol x L(-1) AgNO3 was 1 to 10, and the reaction time was 3.5 h, the obtained silver nanoparticles had mean size about 27 nm and Zeta potential about -34.3 mV with good uniformity and dispersivity. Therefore, the green synthesis method of silver nanoparticles using extract of traditional Chinese medicine is stable and feasible.
Fagopyrum ; chemistry ; Light ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Particle Size ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Scattering, Radiation ; Silver ; chemistry ; Silver Nitrate ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Temperature ; X-Ray Diffraction

The enzyme activity of ?- Acetolactate Decaroboxylases (ALDC) from different microbes was studied, the results demonstrated that it was quite different among them. There were diversities of their enzyme reaction velocities. It was clear that the enzyme activity was affected by the pH of the enzyme reaction system, for example, the optimum pH of ALDC from Lactococcus lactis was 6. 6, while for Aerobacter Aerogenes it was 5. 8. Addition leucine,valine and isoleucine into enzyme reaction system obviously affected the enzyme activity of ALDC from different microbes.

OBJECTIVE: Aimed to analyse the clinical features of the patients with sphenoid sinus mucocele, achieve earlier diagnosis and more timely intervention and decrease the occurrence of misdiagnoses. METHOD: A retrospective study was first conducted in patients with sphenoid sinus mucoele treated in Xiangya hospital from Jan 2000 to Jan 2015. Then literature reports on this disease were collected and analyzed from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan Fang database. RESULT: We collected 82 patients with sphenoid sinus mucocele treated in Xiangya hospital. There were 52 patients presented with headache, 31 patients presented with visual impairment, 10 patients presented with cranial nerve palsy, 2 patients presented with exophthalmos, 15 patients presented with nasal symptoms, and 5 patients with no obvious symptoms. There was no significant difference for symptoms distribution between male and female patients (P > 0.05). Among 45 patients with headache as first symptom and 10 patients with ethmoid sinus mucocele, there were 18 patients and 8 patients subsequently suffering from visual impairment, respectively. We also collected 161 patients in literature except for enrolling, the 82 patients treated in Xiangya hospital, and found that headache was the most common symptom, followed by visual impairment, in the two independent cohorts. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the study of maximum sample for sphenoid sinus mucocele in China. Headache and visual impairment are the most common symptoms for sphenoid sinus mucocele. Surgical treatment should be early performed when the desease accompanied with headache or ethmoid sinus mucocele, to avoid other complications such as visual impairment and even blindness.
China ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; etiology ; Databases, Factual ; Diagnostic Errors ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Exophthalmos ; etiology ; Female ; Headache ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocele ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphenoid Sinus ; pathology ; Vision Disorders ; etiology