Hemiplegics after stroke are often disabled in sit-to-stand(STS).This article discussed the biomechanics of STS in the hemiplegic stroke patients,in terms of kinematics,kinetics and surface electromyography,and the rehabilitation for the stroke patients with STS dysfunction.It was found that the stability,duration,symmetry of support and degree and se-quence of muscular activation were different when the patients finished the STS task in three foot positions of natural, symmetrical and unaffected foot behind.The early STS rehabilitation training or other rehabilitation may improve the function of the hemiplegic lower extremity to prevent falls and apraxia.

OBJECTIVETo explore the operation methods and clinical effects of transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament in treating complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to June 2012,26 patients with acute complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation underwent surgery. Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional clavical hoot plate and Kirschner wires fixation, were performed in all the patients. Among the patients, 18 patients were male and 8 patients were female, with an average age of 36.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 51 years). The duration from injury to operation was from 3 to 12 days with an average of 5 days. According to the Rockwood classification, 4 cases were grade III and 22 cases were grade V . Clinical manifestation included local swelling, tenderness with snapping, limitation of shoulder joint motion. In preoperative bilateral shoulder joint X-rays, the injured coracoclavicular distance was (16.2 ± 5.0) mm which was significantly wider than that of uninjured sides (7.6 ± 1.0) mm. Clinical results were evaluated according to X-rays and Constant-Murley score.

RESULTSAll incisions obtained primary healing after operation without complication of infection, internal fixation breakage, redislocation. All the patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of 18 months. Kirschner wires and internal fixation plate were removed at 1 month and 8-10 months after operation, respectively. At final follow-up, the motion of shoulder joint recovered to normal and a no pain joint was obtained. According to Constant-Murley score, 24 cases got excellent results and 2 cases good. There was no significant difference after operation between the injured coracoclavicular distance and the uninjured contralateral side [(7.7 ± 1.2) mm vs (7.6 ± 1.0) mm), P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONTransfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional fixation using hook plate and Kirschner wires is the effective surgical method in treating complete acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Ligaments, Articular ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Swallowable biotelemetry systems are one kind of implantable biotelemetry systems. The research about swallowable biotelemetry systems is rapidly growing recently because they can be used to measure physiological and pathological parameters of human gastrointestinal tracts in vivo and they significantly improve patient comfort. This paper presents the current research of swallowable biotelemetry systems domestically and abroad. The development trend of these systems is analyzed at the end of the paper.
Capsules ; Electronics, Medical ; instrumentation ; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal ; trends ; Equipment Design ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; physiology ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Telemetry ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective:To investigate the mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and its clinical signifi-cance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:The EGFR gene mutations of exons 18 to 21 in NSCLC were detected by us-ing the ADx-ARMS? detection kit method. Results:The total mutation percentage in exons 18 to 21 of the EGFR gene was 45.8%(98/214) in NSCLC. These mutations predominantly occur in exons 19 and 21. EGFR gene mutation percentages were found in exons 18 (0.93%, 2/214), 19 (22.0%,47/214), 20 (2.3%, 5/214), and exon 21 (20.6%, 44/214) in the NSCLC. Two NSCLC cases were identified to have double EGFR gene mutations of exons 19 and 21. EGFR gene mutations were more frequently observed with adenocarcinoma histology (50.3%, 93/185) than with squamous cell carcinoma (17.2%, 5/29) (P=0.001). EGFR gene mutations occur more frequently in NSCLC cases in women than in men (P=0.002). EGFR gene mutations were significantly higher in NSCLC with lymphatic metastasis (66.7%) than in NSCLC without lymphatic metastasis (39.5%) (P<0.05). However, no evident association was found between EGFR gene mutations and age, as well as tumor grade and clinical stage of NSCLC (P>0.05). Conclusion:NSCLC, especially lung adenocar-cinomas, has exhibits frequent EGFR gene mutations in China. EGFR gene mutations in exons 19 and 21, combined with the clinical pathological features of lung cancer, can serve as the molecular marker to evaluate the efficacy of EGFR TKI for NSCLC patients.

OBJECTIVETo establish an instant determination method of emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein, from Rheum, and one of their preparations, Qinghai Wild Dahuang Tea, by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis for the first time.

METHODSeparation was carried out in an uncoated fused silica capillary (75 microm x 50.0 cm). Meanwhile, a running voltage 20 kV, 15.0 mmol x L(-1) borax buffer with 30.0 mmol x L(-1) SDS and 10% ethanol (pH 9.60) and a UV detector at 254 nm were adopted.

RESULTThe linear calibration rang was 4-120 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.992 1) for emodin, 10-200 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.997 0) for aloe-emodin, and 2-100 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.997 1) for rhein, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (n = 6) for the migration time and the peak area of each peak were 0.59%-0.80%, 1.30%-3.22%, respectively. The contents of the analytes were easily determined with recoveries ranging from 97.6%-102.3%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is proved to be simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used for the quality control of medicinal herb, Rheum, and its tea preparation.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary ; methods ; Emodin ; analysis ; Plant Preparations ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rheum ; chemistry

PURPOSETo describe an indirect reduction technique during minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) of tibial shaft fractures with the use of a distraction support.

METHODSBetween March 2011 and October 2014, 52 patients with a mean age of 48 years (16-72 years) sustaining tibial shaft fractures were included. All the patients underwent MIPPO for the fractures using a distraction support prior to insertion of the plate. Fracture angular deformity was assessed by goni- ometer measurement on preoperative and postoperative images.

RESULTSPreoperative radiographs revealed a mean of 7.6°(1.2°-28°) angulation in coronal plane and a mean of 6.8°(0.5°-19°) angulation in sagittal plane. Postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radio- graphs showed a mean of 0.8°(0°-4.0°) and 0.6°(0°-3.6°) of varus/valgus and apex anterior/posterior angulation, respectively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that the distraction support during MIPPO of tibial shaft fractures is an effective and safe method with no associated complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

BACKGROUNDDiabetic gastroparesis is a disabling condition with no consistently effective treatment. In normal animals, both ghrelin and its synthetic peptide, growth hormone releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6), increase gastric emptying. Thus, we investigated the potential therapeutic significance of ghrelin and GHRP-6 in diabetic guinea pigs with gastric motility disorders.

METHODSA diabetic guinea pig model was produced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 280 mg/kg). Diabetic guinea pigs were injected i.p. with ghrelin or GHRP-6 (10 - 100 microg/kg), and the effects on gastric emptying were measured after intragastric application of phenol red. The effect of atropine or a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) antagonist, D-Lys(3)-GHRP-6, on the gastroprokinetic effects of ghrelin or GHRP-6 (100 microg/kg) was also investigated. Further, the in vitro effects of ghrelin or GHRP-6 (0.01 - 10 micromol/L) on spontaneous or carbachol-induced contractile amplitude in gastric fundic circular strips taken from diabetic guinea pigs were examined. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor transcripts in the fundic strips of diabetic guinea pigs were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSWe established a guinea pig model of delayed gastric emptying. Ghrelin (20, 50, or 100 microg/kg) and GHRP-6 (20, 50, or 100 microg/kg) accelerated gastric emptying in diabetic guinea pigs with gastroparesis (n = 6, P < 0.05). In the presence of atropine, which delayed gastric emptying, ghrelin and GHRP-6 (100 microg/kg) failed to accelerate gastric emptying (n = 6, P < 0.05). D-Lys(3)-GHRP-6 also delayed gastric emptying induced by the GHS-R agonist (n = 6, P < 0.05). Ghrelin and GHRP-6 increased the carbachol-induced contractile amplitude in gastric fundic strips taken from diabetic guinea pigs (n = 6, P < 0.05). RT-PCR confirmed the presence of GHS-R mRNA in the strip preparations.

CONCLUSIONSGhrelin and GHRP-6 increased gastric emptying in diabetic guinea pigs with gastroparesis, potentially, by activating the peripheral cholinergic pathways in the enteric nervous system.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Gastroparesis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Ghrelin ; therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Oligopeptides ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; analysis ; Streptozocin

Objective: To observe the effects of laurocapram and borneol as transdermal penetration enhancers applied to herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on liver lipids, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in hyperlipidemia rabbits.Methods: Forty New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups using the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. Rabbits in the blank group were fed routinely with a normal diet; rabbits in the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish the hyperlipidemia model. Rabbits in the blank and the model groups were not given any intervention. After the model was prepared successfully, rabbits in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion without transdermal penetration enhancers; rabbits in the laurocapram group and the borneol group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion with laurocapram or borneol respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, the serum was isolated and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the detection of HSL and HMG-CoA reductase. The liver tissues were isolated, and total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured by enzymatic methods. One-step method was applied for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) detection, and transmission turbidimetry was for apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) detection. Results: The serum concentrations of the drugs in the laurocapram and the borneol groups were significantly higher than those in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group (both P<0.05); all drug penetrations in the borneol group were significantly higher than those in the laurocapram group (both P<0.05), except for tanshinone ⅡA. Compared with the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group, the HSL was significantly increased while the HMG-CoA reductase was significantly decreased in the laurocapram and the borneol groups (both P<0.05); between groups, the HSL in the borneol group was significantly higher than that in the laurocapram group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the levels of LDL-C, TG, TC and Apo-B in rabbit liver were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the levels of LDL-C, TG, TC and Apo-B in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer, the laurocapram, and the borneol groups were significantly decreased (all P<0.05); between groups, the TG and TC in the laurocapram group and the LDL-C, TG, TC and Apo-B in the borneol group were significantly lower than those in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group (all P<0.05), and the TG, LDL-C and Apo-B in the borneol group were significantly lower than those in the laurocapram group (all P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the HDL-C and Apo-A1 were significantly decreased in the model group (both P<0.05), while compared with the model group, the HDL-C and Apo-A1 were significantly increased in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer, the laurocapram, and the borneol groups (all P<0.05). Between groups, the Apo-A1 in the laurocapram group, the HDL-C and Apo-A1 in the borneol group were significantly higher than those in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group (all P<0.05).Conclusion: The application of laurocapram and borneol, as transdermal penetration enhancers, in herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion can promote the penetration of the drugs in the herbal cake, increase the levels of HDL-C and Apo-A1, improve the metabolism of HSL and HMG-CoA reductase, and also simultaneously reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and Apo-B in the liver. The transdermal penetration enhancement effect of borneol is slightly better than or equivalent to that of laurocapram.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the oncological and functional results of patients with fibrous dysplasia in the proximal femur and explore its clinical effect.

METHODSFrom Apr. 2007 to Jan. 2009, 15 patients with fibrous dysplasia in proximal femur were treated. There were 9 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 16 to 32 years with an average of 25 years. The course of disease was from 2 months to 16 years with an average of 2 years. Among them, 12 cases were unilateral affection and 3 cases were hibateral affections; 12 cases were one bone and 3 cases more than two bones. The collodiaphyseal angles of 2 cases with coxa adducta was 80 degrees and 100 degrees respectively; and femur lengths were shorter than opposite side (5 cm and 3 cm, respectively). The curettage and allogenous and/or autogenous bone-grafting combined with internal fixation were performed in all patients and valgus osteotomies was performed in 2 case with shepherd's crook deformity.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 32 months. Two cases with shepherd's crook deformity, the collodiaphyseal angles recovered after surgery, the relative length of femur was increased 4 cm and 3 cm respectively and they can walk with stick at 4 months after operation. No found recurrence and loosening of internal fixation. Bone graft was absorbed at 3 months and bone healing at 8-12 months after operation. The pain vanished and functions were normal.

CONCLUSIONIt is an effective method to treat fibrous dysplasia in proximal femur with curettage and bone-grafting combined with internal fixation. Corrective osteotomy and internal fixation with a dynamic hip screw is a good and effective method in treating severe symptomatic shepherd's crook deformity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

In order to investigate the role of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves in regulating mechanical and electrical activity of gastric circular smooth muscle, the effects of ATP and its analogues on gastric motility and electrical activities were observed in guinea-pig. In organ bath system, isometric force of the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig gastric antrum was measured. Electrical activity of the muscle was recorded by using intracellular microelectrode. Electrical and mechanical activities were recorded by chart recorder. ATP and 2-MeSATP potentiated the mechanical activity but did not affect electrical activity in gastric circular smooth muscle. ATP and 2-MeSATP-induced contraction was effectively blocked by nonselective P2y-purinoceptor antagonist, reactive-blue-2 and suramin, but ATP-induced contraction was not blocked by alpha,beta-MeATP-induced desensitization of P2x-purinoceptors. However, alpha,beta-MeATP, P2x-purinoceptor agonist, attenuated slow waves with membrane hyperpolarization and inhibited contraction. The relaxation by beta,gamma-MeATP was blocked by alpha,beta-MeATP-induced desensitization of P2x-purinoceptors. ATP-induced contraction was blocked by external calcium-free, but not by nicardipine, a L-type calcium channel blocker. Indomethacin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not block ATP-induced contraction. The results suggest that: (1) ATP- and analogues-induced contraction is mediated by P2y-purinoceptor, whereas alpha,beta-MeATP-induced relaxation by P2x-purinoceptor in guinea-pig gastric antral circular smooth muscle. (2) ATP-induced contraction is dependent on extracellular calcium, but Ca2+ entry is not mediated by L-type calcium channel. (3) Prostaglandins are not involved in ATP- and analogue-induced contraction of gastric circular smooth muscle in guinea-pigs, and alpha,beta-MeATP-induced relaxation is related to membrane hyperpolarization.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microelectrodes ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; physiology ; Purinergic Agonists ; Pyloric Antrum ; drug effects ; physiology ; Thionucleotides ; pharmacology