Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiation, Nonionizing ; adverse effects

The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on pulmonary shunt were studied during gen- eral anesthesia and postoperative period.Twenty cholecystectomy patients were randomly divided into experiment group (group P) and control group (group Z). PEEP and ZEEP were used separately after induction. Artery blood and mixed blood from the right ventricle were taken for blood gas analysis and determine the amount of pulmonary shunting before anesthesia. half and hour, one and half an hour and two and half an hour after anesthesia and one hour after the operation.The results showed that shunt in group P decreased gradually during general anesthesia and returned to the level of preoperation at an hour after operation. Shunt in group Z was increased continually and the level was significantly higher than preoperation an hour after operation. Shunt between two groups was significant difference (P

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of the nickel ion and provide with basic data for the biological evaluation of those medical devices containing nickel. Seven cell lines were chosen. They were L929, h9c2(2-1), 293[HEK-293], hFOB1.19, THLE-3, H9 and IM-9 respectively. According to the principle of biological evaluation of medical devices, MTT method was chosen to test the cytotoxicity in different concentrations of nickel ion. For each cell line, the relative growth rate (RGR) was obtained and the cytotoxic grade was classified. Besides, IC50 values were calculated. As a result, it was found that the sensitivity was different among all cell lines. H9 was the most sensitive one, while the L929 was the most tolerant one. The concentration which is not above 1.25 mg/L was safe for all seven cell lines, because the cytotoxicity for all cells exposed in this concentration were not higher than grade 1. According to the criteria for medical devices, the concentrations not above 5 mg/L were safe for L929 cells. This result helps us to roughly assess the cytotoxicity and systematic toxicity caused by nickel contained in medical devices.
Cell Line ; Equipment and Supplies ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ions ; toxicity ; Nickel ; toxicity

This paper presents a probability segmentation algorithm for lung nodules based on three-dimensional features. Firstly, we computed intensity and texture features in region of interest (ROI) pixel by pixel to get their feature vector, and then classified all the pixels based on their feature vector. At last, we carried region growing on the classified result, and got the final segmentation result. Using the public Lung Imaging Database Consortium (LIDC) lung nodule datasets, we verified the performance of proposed method by comparing the probability map within LIDC datasets, which was drawn by four radiology doctors separately. The experimental results showed that the segmentation algorithm using three-dimensional intensity and texture features would be effective.
Algorithms ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung ; pathology ; Probability

Objective To investigate the effect of reserpine,an efflux pumps inhibitor,on the activities of fluoroquinolones (FQNs) against Enterococci,and the distribution of efflux pump genes emeA and its correlation with the resistance of Enterococci.To elucidate the relationship between FQN resistance in Enterococci and active efflux.Methods One hundred isolates of enterococci were identified by VITEK microbe automatic system.The antibacterial agent susceptibility tests were performed by the disc diffusion method (K-B) in accordance with the CLSI standards.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each FQN was tested by the agar dilution method,and the MIC changes were detected after adding reserpine.The distribution of emeA in 100 isolates of Enterococci was determined by PCR.Thex2 test was used to compare the differences of statistical results.Results After reserpine was used,three-FQN resistance in Enterococci was reduced.Ciprofloxacin,gatifloxacin and levofloxacin resistance was reduced from 42％ (42/100) to 28％ (28/100),from 30％ (30/100) to 17％ (17/100),and from 33％ (33/100) to 23％ (23/100),respectively.The positive rate of emeA gene in 100 strains of Enterococci was 55％ (55/100).There were 45 positive strains(72.6％) in 62 E.faecalis and 10 positive strains (26.4％) in 38 E.faecium.The positive rate of emeA gene in the resistant strains against ciprofloxacin,gatifloxacin and levofloxacin was 73.8％ (31/42),76.7％ (23/30),75.8％ (25/33),respectively,and the positive rate of emeA gene in the susceptible strains against above 3 antibacterials were 41.4％ (24/58),45.7％ (32/70),44.8％ (30/67).Efflux pump genes emeA in resistant strains is higher than the sensitive strains,with the statistically significant difference(x2 =13.02,8.13 and 8.57,P ＜ 0.005).Conclusions Reserpine could inhibit the active efflux of in FON Enterococci and reduce the MIC for drug-resistant strains in vitro.Multidrug-resistant efflux pump gene emeA was relevant to antimicrobial drug resistance in Enterococci.

Biomarkers ; blood ; Biopsy, Needle ; utilization ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effects of chrysin(ChR) on the induction of differentiation and apoptosis-promoting of HepG 2 human primary hepatocacinoma cells. Methods The HepG 2 cells were cultured in vitro, and then treated with ChR and all-trans retinotic Acid (RA), respectively, the alterations of nucleocytoplasm and tubulin arrangement after Gimsa staining and Coomassie brilliant blue staining were observed. The survival rate and the inhibitory rates of HepG 2 cells were determine by trypan blue counting method and MTT assay. The Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) secretory amounts of the cells were detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA). The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT) were assayed by enzymatic reaction kit. The synthesis of tyrosine-α-ketoglutaric acid transaminase(TAT) in cells were investigated by Diamondstone spectrophotometry. Results After treatment with ChR or RA at 1.0~100μmol/L for 48 h, the proliferation of HepG 2 cells were inhibited significantly, compared with vehicle group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the inhibitory potency of both ChR and RA on HepG 2 cells was equivalent and indicated in dose-dependent manner. After treatment with 10μmol/L ChR or RA for 48 h, HepG 2 cells disaggregated and grew to spindle-shape, their nuclei became smaller and the number of nucleolus were fewer. Furthermore, tubulin arrangement of cells tended to be more ordered and the tubulin synthesis increased significantly. At 24~96 hours treated with 10μmol/L ChR, the activities of TAT and ALP in cells were all increased distinctly (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the secretory amounts of AFP and the specific activities ofγ-GT were decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Chrysin can inhibit the proliferation of HepG 2 cells and induce them to differentiate to mature cells.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of triflusal capsule in healthy volunteers. METHODS:In ran-domized test,36 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were given low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose of Triflusal capsule(300 mg,600 mg and 900 mg),qd,for one day,and then pharmacokinetic study of single dose of Triflusal capsule was conducted;Triflusal capsule medium-dose group was continuously given medicine for 13 days,and then pharmacokinetic study of multiple dose of Triflusal capsule was conducted. The plasma concentration of triflusal was determined by LC-MS/MS,and Zorbax SB-C18 column was used with methanol-0.2% formic acid (80:20,V/V) at the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. ESI was adopted in MRM mode,negative ion detection was carried out,quantitative analysis m/z 247.1→161.1(triflusal),m/z 294.0→250.0(internal standard, diclofenac sodium). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 6.2 software,and the difference of them were compared. RESULTS:The linear range of triflusal were 0.05-20 μg/ml. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of triflusal capsules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups were as follows:t1/2 were (0.45 ± 0.20),(0.47 ± 0.10),(0.43 ± 0.20) h;tmax were (0.56±0.20),(0.60±0.20),(0.47±0.40)h;cmax were(3.30±0.98),(10.65±3.26),(13.96±4.88)μg/ml;AUC0-8 h were(3.99±0.93), (13.29±1.72),(19.62±6.78)μg·h/ml;within dose of 300-900 mg,linear relationship was found between cmax,AUC0-8 h and dose(R2=0.954,0.986). When reaching stable state of multiple dose,average blood concentration was(0.71±0.20)μg/ml;main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUCs(17.10±4.82)μg·h/ml,t1/2(0.49±0.10)h,tmax(0.85±0.62)h,cmax(11.58±3.99)μg/ml,AUC0-8 h (16.99±4.84)μg·h/ml,AUC0-∞(17.08±4.81)μg·h/ml;accumulation factor(1.28±0.40). tmax and t1/2 of single dose were similar to those of multiple dose. CONCLUSIONS:LC-MS/MS can determine the content of triflusal in human plasma rapidly and accurately, and accumulation phenomena exist in healthy Chinese volunteers,which shows linear pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Objective To investigate the changes in intrapulmonary shunting during controlled hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP)in patients undergoing naso-endoscopic operation.Methods Forty ASAⅠorⅡpatients of both sexes(23 male,17 female)aged 16-50 yrs weighing 50-75 kg undergoing naso-endoscopic operation under general anesthesia with muscle relaxation and mechanical ventilation were studied.Radial artery was cannulated for direct BP monitoring and blood sampling.Right internal jugular vein was cannulated and the catheter was advanced into right ventricle.Blood sample taken from right ventricle was used as mixed venous blood instead of blood from pulmonary artery.ECG,MAP,HR and P_(ET) CO_2 were continuously monitored during operation Cardiac output was monitored with noninvasive cardiac function monitor(NC-COM.)based on impedance principle.SNP infusion was started at the beginning of operation at 1-3?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) and was then adjusted.MAP was reduced by 30%-40% and maintained at this level until the end of operation.Blood samples were taken from artery and right ventricle simultaneously before SNP infusion(T_1,baseline)at 30 and 60 min of hypotension(T_2,T_3)and at 20 min after BP returned to the baseline level(T_4)for blood gas analysis.Qs/Qt was calculated.Results Qs/Qt was significantly increased during controlled hypotension at T_2 and T_3 as compared to the baseline value(P＜0.01)and returned to the baseline level at T_4.HR was increased and cardiac output and stroke volume was significantly reduced during hypotension as compared to the baseline value.Conclusion The intrapulmonary shunting is increased and the hemodynamics is depressed during SNP-induced controlled hypotension and they return rapidly to baseline level after SNP is discontinued.No hypoxemia develops during SNP- induced hypotension.

Objective To provide the service for scientific innovation and competition in biomedical industry of Hunan Province and the reference for working out biomedical patent strategies.Methods The data of biomedical patents in Hunan Province were collected using the patentEX and processed by metrics.Results The application number of patents increased from year to year with a high expiry rate.The technology of biomedical patents has entered into its mature period and the application of patents was focused on several important IPC classifications.Conclusion Tra-ditional technologies play a main role in biomedical industry of Hunan Province, but Hunan Province is relatively backward in modern biological technologies.The application number of invented biomedical patents is rather large, but their overall academic level is rather low.The majority of biomedical industry enterprises lack of competition awareness.It is thus necessary to strengthen the development of modern biological technologies, improve the aca-demic level of biomedical patents, increase the competition awareness of biomedical industry enterprises, lay stress on cooperative development of biomedical patents and on support of biomedical industry enterprises.