Animals ; China ; Hantavirus Infections ; veterinary ; Rodent Diseases ; virology

Background and Objective:It has been proven that Ezrin protein may interact with E-cadherin protein and take part in metastasis of tumor cells.This study was to investigate the expressions of Ezrin and E-cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and their relationship with the clinicopathologic factors,and to analyze their diagnostic values for ESCC.Method:The expression of Ezrin and E-cadherin in 72 specimen of ESCC and the para-cancer normal squamous epithelium was detected using tissue array with SP immunohistochemistry.Their correlations with the clinicopathologic factors were analyzed statistically.Results:The positive rate of Ezrin was significantly higher in ESCC than in para-cancer normal squamous epithelium (90.7%vs.46.0%,P＜0.001);the positive rate of E-cadherin was significantly lower in ESCC than in para-cancer normal squamous epithelium (27.6%vs.97.4%.P＜0.001).Ezrin expression was related to the invasiveness and lymph node metastasis of ESCC(P＜0.05);E-cadherin expression was related to the differentiation and lymph node metastasis of ESCC(P＜0.05).The high expression of Ezrin was related to the low expression of E-cadherin(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The activation of Ezrin and the absence of E-cadherin contributes to the tumorigenesis and metastasis of ESCC.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the amount of blood loss and the efficacy of clotting factor in controlling blood loss during total knee arthroplasty.

METHODSThe medical documents of 18 patients with haemophilic arthritis (HA) secondary to haemophilia A and 19 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data,functional and hematological test results,the amount of blood loss and transfusion,and complications were analyzed.

RESULTSThe median amounts of total and external blood loss were 2240 ml(1892-3415 ml) and 1326 ml(934-2256 ml)in the HA group, which were significant higher than those in the OA group [1746 ml(1259-2246 ml)and 846 ml (504-1217 ml), respectively]. The median amounts of external blood loss in the two groups were 680 ml(370-1330 ml)and 730 ml(200-1190 ml)and there was no significant difference(p=0.620). Moreover, more patients in the HA group required blood transfusion (84.2% vs. 47.4%), and more red cells were transfused per patient in the HA group (2.3 U vs. 0 U).

CONCLUSIONSThe total blood loss and hidden blood loss are higher in the HA patients than in OA patients during total knee arthroplasty, although the external blood loss is basically the same. Management with more clotting factor may decrease the blood loss in HA patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthritis ; etiology ; surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Hemophilia A ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; surgery ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo examine dietary protein intake and its trend between 1991 and 2009 among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years.

METHODSConsecutive 3 d-24 hr Dietary Recall and household income data of 14 053 children from the seven waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 were used to describe long-term changes in dietary protein intake, percentage energy, and food sources.

RESULTSThe median of dietary protein intake of Chinese children and adolescents decreased from 60.0 g/d in 1991 to 52.6 g/d in 2009 (χ² = 109.0, P < 0.01). The dietary protein intake among children in rural areas and in low-income households decreased 8.8 g/d (χ² = 74.8, P < 0.01) and 9.8 g/d (χ² = 100.5, P < 0.01) respectively. The percentage of total energy intake from protein was 11.3%-13.0%. The percentage of protein intake equal or higher than Recommended Nutrient Intake of protein decreased from 29.5% in 1991 to 19.2% in 2009 (χ² = 259.6, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the proportion of high-quality dietary protein increased rapidly. The percentage of animal protein increased from 12.3% in 1991 to 32.2% in 2009 (χ² = 750.3, P < 0.01), while no big increase in soybean protein (lower than 5.0%).

CONCLUSIONThere is a decreasing trend in dietary protein intake among Chinese children from 1991 to 2009. The high-quality protein intake was improved but we should be concerned about the high proportion of animal protein. The children living in low-income households and in rural areas may be at risk of inadequate dietary protein.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Dietary Proteins ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutritional Status

OBJECTIVETo examine status and trend in dietary vitamin C intake between 1991 and 2009 in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years.

METHODSA stratified multistage, random cluster sampling process was used to investigate 2716, 2691, 2507, 2358, 1490, 1218 and 1073 children and adolescents aged 6 - 17 years in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 respectively in 9 provinces. Their consecutive 3 d 24 h dietary recall data were analyzed to compare vitamin C intake in children and adolescents with different characteristics and different years.

RESULTSThe median of dietary vitamin C intake in Chinese children and adolescents decreased from 69.7 mg/d in 1991 to 53.4 mg/d in 2009 (χ(2) = 188.1, P < 0.01). Vitamin C intake of rural children and adolescents decreased from 73.7 mg/d in 1991 to 52.5 mg/d in 2009 (χ(2) = 96.7, P < 0.01); vitamin C intake of children and adolescents in the low-income household decreased from 74.3 mg/d in 1991 to 47.5 mg/d in 2009 (χ(2) = 172.9, P < 0.01). The percentage of children and adolescents whose vitamin C intake equal or higher than recommended nutrient intake of vitamin C decreased from 35.9% (974/2716) in 1991 to 18.5% (198/1073) in 2009 (χ(2) = 284.7, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere was a decreased trend in dietary vitamin C in Chinese children and adolescents during the past two decades. The children and adolescents of low-income household in rural areas may pose a higher risk of inadequate vitamin C intake.

Adolescent ; Ascorbic Acid ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Requirements

OBJECTIVETo examine the trends of energy intake among Chinese children and adolescents in nine provinces from 1989 to 2009.

METHODStratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to recruit 488, 2807, 2802, 2580, 2520, 1604, 1305 and 1159 children and adolescents aged 6 - 17 years in each year of 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 in 9 provinces. The descriptive analyses were carried out for three days 24-h dietary recall data to compare energy intake by year and demographic characteristics.

RESULTSThe median of dietary energy intake among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6 - 17 years in 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 were 6645.7, 8314.8, 7849.3, 8115.0, 7970.5, 7598.0, 7345.0 and 7051.9 kJ/d (χ(2) = 239.75, P < 0.01), respectively. In 2009, children and adolescents from city (7820.4 kJ/d) and county (7356.0 kJ/d) consumed more energy than that from suburb (7168.2 kJ/d) and village (6863.5 kJ/d) (χ(2) = 8.00, P < 0.05). Cereal was the main food source of energy intake. In 2009, the percentage of energy intake from cereal was 44.0%, 45.6%, 52.9% and 61.0% (χ(2) = 36.75, P < 0.01)for city, suburb, county and village respectively. The percentage of population with > 30% of energy intake from dietary fat increased yearly and that with more than 60% of energy from carbohydrate decreased, from 25.4% (124/488) and 54.1% (264/488) in 1989 to 58.1% (637/1159) and 15.9% (184/1159) (χ(2) values were 811.24, 919.35 respectively;both P values < 0.05) in 2009. The percentage of children and adolescents whose energy intake was more than 80% recommended nutrient intake (RNI) declined from 60.2% (294/488) in 1989 to 47.8% (554/1159) in 2009(χ(2) = 227.66, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe current study demonstrated that energy intake of Chinese children and adolescents increased at early stage and then declined in the recent years. Average energy intake was higher in city and county than suburb and village.

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys

Objective To analyze the status of anemia among children under 5 years of age in the economically less developed rural areas from 6 western provinces of China in 2009. Methods 8141 study subjects were from the program-‘Study on Appropriate Technology of Children Under-nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Areas'. Results In 2009, the prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years of age in the above said rural areas from 6 western provinces was 24.1％. The prevalence of anemia among male children was much higher than that among female children. The peak of anemia prevalence( 38.5％ ) was among children of 6-11 months. The prevalence of anemia decreased along with the increase of age. Conclusion Results from the study demonstrated that anemia among the preschool children was a public health problem in poor rural areas of western China, Improving the knowledge on reasonable feeding seemed a better way for the prevention and control of anemia plus providing complementary nutrients sprinkle to the affected children.

Objective To analyze the status of vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old in poor rural areas of 6 Western Chinese provinces in 2009.Methods The study subjects involved 2091 children from a program-'Appropriate measurements in improving children under-nutrition in poor rural areas'.Results In 2009,prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old from the poor rural areas of 6 western Chinese provinces was 20.2％,with boys as 20.6％ and girls as 19.7％.Prevalence rates of vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old in the highest and lowest areas were seen in Gansu(25.5％)and Guangxi(12.2％)provinces,respectively.The peak of vitamin A deficiency prevalence fell in the 6-11 months age group.The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency declined along with the increase of age.Conclusion Results from this study demonstrated that vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old appeared to be a serious public health problem in the poor rural areas of 6 Western Chinese provinces.Education on reasonable ways of feeding and provision of complementary nutrients to children with vitamin A deficiency,should be the key points in the prevention and control programs on this problem.

Objective To analyze the trend of dietary vitamin C intake and its food sources among Chinese population aged 50-79 years old in 9 provinces,from 1991 to 2009.Methods Data on twenty-four-hour dietary recall from China Health and Nutrition Survey ( 1991,1993,1997,2000,2004,2006 and 2009 ) was used to identify the trends in vitamin C intake among Chinese population aged 50-79 years old.Results Totally,24 321 adults were assessed among 7 round surveys,including 11 739 males (48.3％) and 12 582 females (51.7％).From 1991 to 2009,the intake of vitamin C was reduced by 12.1 mg and 11.8 mg in rural male and female respectively; and the intake of vitamin C increased by 8.7 mg and 10.2 mg in urban males and females,respectively.Intake of vitamin C from the dark-color vegetables decreased by 15.1 mg and 13.9 mg in rural males and females,and it was increased first then decreased in both urban males and females.Vitamin C from the light-color vegetables kept stable during the 18 years.The intake of vitamin C in the southern residents aged 50-79 year-olds was significantly higher than that of the northern residents (except for 1997).The proportion that vitamin C intake reached to Chinese RNI were 19.8％-30.4％ (urban males),31.1％-43.9％ (rural males),15.9％-24.9％ (urban females),and 26.4％-38.1％ (rural females) respectively.Conclusion The present study indicated that the changing of vitamin C intake was different between urban and rural residents aged 50-79.The amount of vitamin C intake between urban and rural residents was gradually getting closer.However,the intake of vegetables and fruit was not sufficiency.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the trends of food consumption among Chinese residents aged from 18 to 59 years old in 9 provinces (autonomous region) from 1989 to 2006.

METHODSThe paper was based on data collected in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey of Chinese residents of 24 h in three consecutive day dietary recall data. The healthy residents aged 18 - 59 years with twenty-four-hour dietary recall data were selected as study subjects. The sample sizes of these seven surveys were 5766, 7296, 7019, 7599, 8143, 7168 and 6827, respectively. The trends of their food consumption in each year were analyzed through Kruskal-wallis method.

RESULTSThe intake of cereals decreased significantly from (528.5 ± 192.9) g/d in 1989 to (427.7 ± 173.8) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 2833.13, P < 0.01). The minor variation of soybean food intake was observed. The average intake was (22.3 ± 39.4) g/d in 1989 and (18.9 ± 30.5) g/d in 2006 which was still at a low level. The trend of vegetables intake showed a small decrease. It was (374.5 ± 205.9) g/d in males and (346.4 ± 187.6) g/d in females in 2006, respectively. Both quantity and rate of fruits consumption showed an increase trend. Its consumption rate reached at 22.5% (741/3296) in males and 27.7% (1004/3619) in females in 2006, respectively. The average intake increased from (122.4 ± 126.9) g/d in 1989 to (228.5 ± 267.3) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 539.66, P < 0.01). At the same time, the daily intake of meat and egg showed a large increase, the average meat intake increased from (97.0 ± 111.5) g/d in males and (80.2 ± 97.0) g/d in females in 1989 to (141.5 ± 125.2) g/d in males and (118.4 ± 111.8) g/d in females in 2006, respectively. The oil consumption showed a significant increase. The average intake increased from (30.4 ± 37.9) g/d in 1989 to (42.8 ± 32.3) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 1646.94, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere have been noticeable changes in the Chinese dietary pattern in the past 17 years. Some changes would be helpful for nutritional improvement in Chinese people, but it also caused some adverse effects on health because of improper food consumption.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Diet ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Dietary Fats ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Young Adult