Objective To study the genotype distribution of insulin receptor substrate-2(IRS-2)gene 1057G/A polymorphism in Han population from Southwest China,and to explore its association with the metabolism of glucose and lipids,insulin resistance and islet?-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Methods A total of 929 Hans[462 patients with type 2 diabetes(DM group) and 164 subjects with IGT(IGT group)and 303 normal controls(NC group)]from Chongqing and nearby regions were screened for 1057G/A polymorphism of IRS-2 gene by PCR-RFLP assay.Body mass index(BMI),plasma glucose,serum insulin and lipid profile,high-sensitive C-reactive protein(hsCRP)and non-esterified fatty acid were measured.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and disposition index(DI)were used to estimate insulin resistance and?-cell function respectively.Results In DM group,A allele frequency was significantly lower than that in NC group(0.326 vs 0.388,X~2=6.19,P=0.01).Compared with NC group,AA genotype frequeney was lower and GG genotype frequeney was higher in DM group(0.104 vs 0.135 and 0.452 vs 0.360 respectively,X~2=6.80,P

0.05). CONCLUSION Obesity was an influential factor of snoring. The PS and OSAHS have the same effect on children growth and their clinical features.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pneumomediastinum in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis for demonstrating its pathogenesis and for predicting its prognosis. Methods The clinical records of 96 patients with PM/DM were reviewed, focusing on for perdicting its pneumomediastinum. Five patients with pneumomediastinum are described in detail. Case reports of pneumomediastinum in PM/DM in English publications are reviewed. Results Five DM cases complicated by pneumomediastinum all had lung infections. Twenty-nine cases (including our five cases) of DM/PM with pneumomediastinum have taken methylprednisolone, four cases alive, and six died. Nine cases have taken CsA,seven cases alive and two died. Conclusion The infections was strongly suspected as being responsible for the pneumomediastinum. Methylprednisolone has poor effect. CsA can be an effective therapeutic agent in PM/DM.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose erythromycin for the treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants in China.Methods In this study,random clinical trials on the treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants with intravenous low-dose erythromycin published were searched at Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chongqing Weipu Database and Wanfang database by using the methods of Cochrane systematic review.At the same time the information from related journals,professional data and network were hand-searched.The publishing deadline for the literatures reviewed in this study was August 2012.Statistical analysis of clinical data was performed by using RevMan 4.2 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results A total of 9 studies were included.The results showed that compared with the group of comprehensive therapy,the group of low-dose erythromycin was superior in the following aspects with significant differences(P ＜ 0.05):the average length of hospital stay,time of parenteral nutrition,time to full feeding,the incidence rate of feeding intolerance (Z =3.44,P =0.000 6 ; Z =6.78,P ＜0.000 01 ; Z =3.96,P ＜ 0.000 1 ; Z =2.51,P =0.01).Conclusion Low-dose erythromycin therapy for feeding intolerance in preterm infants is superior to the comprehensive therapy.It provides a prospective therapeutic method for feeding intolerance in preterm infants.However,large scale,multicenter and well-designed clinical trials should be adopted to confirm the conclusions.

AIM:To synthesize the human platelet factor-4(hPF4) gene with a convenient and effective approach, and high express the hPF4 gene in E. coli BL21 (DE3). METHODS: According to the primary structure of hPF4, the nucleotide sequence was synthesized using touch-down PCR method. The resultant gene fragment containing EcoR Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ overhangs at 5' and 3' ends was cloned into the expression vector pGEX-4T-1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-hPF4,which was then transformed into the E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). RESULTS: hPF4 gene was successfully synthesized by touchdown PCR method. A fusion protein composed of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the recombinant hPF4 was expressed in BL21(DE3) by IPTG induction. The expression level of the fusion protein in E. coli was about 30% of the total cellular protein. CONCLUSION: Touch-down PCR may provide a convenient and effective approach to obtain other target genes. The expressed fusion protein forms the inclusion bodies, providing sufficient material for further purification and biological activities process.

Objective To investigate relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome(OSAHS) and hypertension.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1573 local permanent residents in Guangzhou during March and June 2006 to understand prevalence of hypertension and snoring,and polysomnography monitoring was performed for 347 of them with moderate and severe snoring to estimate prevalence of OSAHS.Risk factors for hypertension was screened with multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results In total,1547 copies of valid questionnaires were collected,and 184 cases (11.9%) of hypertension were found with a prevalence of 10Department of Endocrinology,Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital,Taiyuan 030012,China 0%,49 of diabetes with a prevalence of 2.7%,and 212 of dyslipidemia with a prevalence of 10.4%.Prevalence of OSAHS was found in 34 of them (2.2% ) with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score equal to or greater than nine.Prevalence of hypertension in OSAHS group was 32.5%,much higher than that in non-snoring group (8.3% ) and snoring group ( 17.1% ).Results of logistic regression analysis showed that age,gender,OSAHS,diabetes and dyslipidemia all were high-risk factors for hypertension,with OSAHS ranking the third.Conclusion OSAHS is one of high-risk factors for hypertension.

In this study, plate transparent circle by Davis method was introduce firstly screening ?-Rhamnosidase high-yield strain. The spore-sprouted Aspergillus niger 8-hour were mutagenized by ethyl methane sulphonate and pre-screened via transparent circle. 11% mutants yield 40% higher of ?-rhamnosidase than the original strain. A high-yield strain, T-226 with the highest ?-rhamnosidase activity of 373.4 U/mL was finally selected from these potential high-yield mutants after rescreened by shake flask fermentation twice. When the T-226 strain was fermented in 5 L bioreactor, the enzyme activity could reach to 631.9 U/mL after 84 h. Thus, the established screening method is highly efficient to isolate ?-rhamnosidase high-yield mutant of A. niger.

The internship is the transition period of a medico becoming a doctor,the cultivation of clinical work ability of interns is a comprehensive ability cultivation which includes the foundation theories' consolidation and use,the practical operative train- ing,the cultivation of clinical thought ability and communication between doctors and patients,etc.To educate pediatrics intern has its characteristics.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and risk factors of patient with Wegener's granulomatosis complicated with pulmonary infection.Methods Patients with Wegener's granulomatosis admitted to our hospital in the past 11 years were retrospectively analyzed.Comparisons between groups were performed by t tests or Fisher test.ResultsPulmonary infection occurred in 27 cases with an incidence rate of 29％.Twenty-six percent of pulmonary infections occurred at the initial diagnosis,and 44％ occurred within 6 months,while 30％ occurred later than 6 months.The clinical manifestations of pulmonary infection were productive cough (89％),hemoptysis (63％),fever and fatigue (56％),chest pain and pactoralgia (33％).The most common causative pathogen were bacteria(59％ ),fungi(37％ ),and tubercle bacillus(37％ ).Sinus infection(P=0.01),hypoproteinemia(P=0.03),hypoimmunoglobulinemia (P=0.007),and methylprednisolone pulse therapy(P=0.002) were the risk factors for pulmonary infection.ConclusionThe occurrence of Wegener's granulomatosis complicated with pulmonary infection is high within 6 months.The most common clinical manifestation is productive cough.The most common causative pathogens are bacteria,tubercle bacillus and fungi.Sinus infection,hypoproteinemia,hypoimmunoglobulinemia,and methylprednisolone pulse therapy are risk factors of pulmonary infection.

Objective To explore the role and clinical significance of interleukin-6(IL-6) in children with bronchial asthma.Methods Sera were collected from 29 cases with asthmatic attacks,32 asthmatic children who in stable conditions,and 20 health children.Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Results 1.Asthmatic children appeared significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 during asthmatic attacks as compared to those in stable conditions and healthy ones respectively(P3 years old had significantly higher serum IL6 concentrations than ≤3 years old children in remission.Conclusion IL-6 may participate pathogenesis of asthma,and it may play different biological roles during asthmatic attacksas or stable conditions.