Adult ; Biopsy ; Cryptococcosis ; complications ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Skin ; pathology ; Skin Diseases ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expression on cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) Hep-2 cells.

METHODSHDAC2 siRNA and control siRNA were transfected into LSCC Hep-2 cells by lipofectamine 2000, and cells were divided into three experimental groups: untreated group, control siRNA group and HDAC2 siRNA transfection group. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of HDAC2 protein in Hep-2 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry, respectively. Boyden chamber was used to study cell migration. Expressions of cell apoptosis and cell migration related proteins were detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSHDAC2 siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of HDAC2 protein in LSCC Hep-2 cells. Down-regulation of HDAC2 expression coincided with an inhibition of cell proliferation and migration along with an induced cell apoptosis of Hep-2 cells. Moreover, down-regulation of HDAC2 expression significantly increased the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins but decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 proteins.

CONCLUSIONSHDAC2 may play a pivotal role in the initiation and development of LSCC. Down-regulation of HDAC2 expression mediates cell apoptosis. Cell migration inhibition may be tightly associated with overexpression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 along with down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Histone Deacetylase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo understand the level of thyroid function and the prevalence of the thyroid diseases of children in high water iodine areas.

METHODTwo primary schools were selected by purposive sampling from Haixing county, Hebei province in April 2010. A total of 371 children were selected from six classes by cluster sampling in the schools. Morning-urine and venous blood (5 ml) were collected to measure the levels of urinary iodine, free triiodothyronine (FT(3)), free thyroxine (FT(4)) and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (sTSH) in serum and to evaluate the iodine status and thyroid function of children.

RESULTSThe median urinary iodine of the children was 1032.08 µg/L. Overall, 96.2% (357/371) of the children's urinary iodine were ≥ 300 µg/L and 68.5% (254/371) were ≥ 800 µg/L. The level of FT(3) and FT(4) were (6.28 ± 0.81) pmol/L and (16.37 ± 2.72) pmol/L, respectively. The median of sTSH was 4.01 mU/L. The FT(4) among boys ((16.63 ± 2.60) pmol/L) was significantly higher than that among girls ((15.99 ± 2.85) pmol/L) (P < 0.05). Overall, 44 subjects were diagnosed as thyroid disease (11.9%), 25 were subclinical hypothyroidism (57% of the total patients), 4 were hypothyroidism (9%), 10 were hyperthyroidism (23%) and 5 were subclinical hyperthyroidism (11%). In the urinary iodine of 200 - 799 µg/L, the prevalence of thyroid disease and hypothyroidism were 6.3% (7/111) and 14.6% (27/254), respectively. When urinary iodine ≥ 800 µg/L, the prevalence of thyroid diseases and hypothyroidism were 3.6% (4/111) and 8.3% (21/254), respectively.

CONCLUSIONMost of the children in high water iodine areas had excessive iodine intake. Levels of the children's thyroid hormone were within the normal range. The prevalence of thyroid disease were high, in these areas and the thyroid disease were mainly the subclinical hypothyroidism.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; epidemiology ; Iodine ; analysis ; urine ; Male ; Prevalence ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Water ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEThrough reviewing the relevant literature from the past decades, to summarize the assessment and management of fractures of the clavicle, and provide an overview of the clinical results of a range of treatment options.

DATA SOURCESThe data analyzed in this review are mainly from articles included in PubMed and EMBASE, published from 1960 to 2015.

STUDY SELECTIONStudies involving assessment of fractures of the clavicle were reviewed. Further literatures were gathered regarding the conservative and surgical treatment of these fractures, including the methods of fixation and the surgical approaches used. Both conservative and surgical treatments were then compared and contrasted.

RESULTSThrough retrieving and reading the abstract, a total of 42 representative articles were selected, which covered all aspects of the conservative treatment and surgical treatment, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the majority of recent data suggest that surgery may be more appropriate as it improves functional outcome and reduces the risk of complications, we recommend that the treatment should be individually assessed.

Bone Plates ; Clavicle ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects on cardiac remodeling post transcatheter closure by Amplatzer septal occluder selected by oval circumference formula in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD).

METHODSA total of 146 patients with ASD (68 males,mean 33.5 years) treated by transcatheter closure with the Amplatzer occluder were enrolled in this study. The diameter of defects was corrected with the oval circumference formula (group A, 73 cases) or by echocardiography (group B, 73 cases). Cardiac remodeling was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before the procedure, 3 days, 3 months and 6 months after ASD closure.

RESULTSThe mean ASD diameter was similar between the two groups [(20.16 +/- 4.98) mm vs. (21.36 +/- 5.69) mm, P > 0.05] and the mean diameter of the selected occluder of group A was significantly smaller than that in group B [(21.95 +/- 6.78) mm vs. (25.85 +/- 6.75) mm, P < 0.05]. Procedural success rate was identical between the two groups (97.3%) and the defects were completely occluded and there was no residual shunt during the 6 months follow up period, there were also no complications during and after the procedure. The lateral diameter of right atrial (RALD), the diastolic diameter of right ventricle (RVDD), RALD/LALD, RVDD/LVDD and pulmonary diameter (PD) were significantly decreased while the lateral diameter of left atrial (LALD) and left ventricle (LVDD) were significantly increased post ASD closure in both groups. At 6 months follow up, RALD decreased by (18.63 +/- 10.59)% in group A versus (10.14 +/- 6.59)% in group B, LALD increased by (13.42 +/- 8.38)% in group A versus (9.28 +/- 4.95)% in group B and RALD/LALD ratio decreased by (26.35 +/- 11.24)% in group A versus (13.98 +/- 8.96)% in groups B (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONASD occluder selection based on the oval circumferen ce formula is superior to that made by echocardiography in terms of more favorable cardiac remodeling post ASD closure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cardiac Catheterization ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Remodeling ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the X-ray features of bone damage in patients with moderate endemic skeletal fluorosis and the changes of X-ray after treatment with herbal therapy.

METHODSFrom 2007.12 to 2009.8,114 patients with moderate endemic skeletal fluorosis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by central randomization system. There were 60 patients in treatment group including 26 males and 34 females,aged from 39 to 60 years with an average of (51.68 +/- 4.98) years; There were 54 patients in control group included 30 males and 24 females, aged from 39 to 60 years with an average of (52.15 +/- 4.86) years. Both treatment and control groups were treated with basic treatment including calcium supplementation and preparation stage with herb decoction. Patients were orally given 600 mg Caltrate everyday for calcium suptrointestinal function and promoting the digestion and absorption of herb decoction for 3 days. Patients in treatment group were rally given Guo's Maqian decoction(200 ml,twice daily) for 8 weeks. Eight weeks later,Guo 's Maqian decoction was replaced y Guokangning capsule (0.44 g per cansule,2 capsules,three times daily) for 4 weeks. The treatment course lasted 12 weeks. The time for followed-up after treatment was 24 weeks. When the treatment finished, 7 experts on orthopaedics and radiology evaluated and statistically analyzed the X-ray features pre and post treatment,using expert evaluation scale (including the appearance and changes of osteosclerosis,osteoporosis softening,joint changes close to the bone and mixed changes) designed referring endemic skeletal fluorosis X-ray findings and sub-degree standard(WS192-2008).

RESULTSAll X-ray features of endemic skeletal fluorosis appeared in the X-ray of the 114 patients with moderate endemic skeletal fluorosis. Osteosclerosis: 4 cases in forearm, 7 in calf,4 in pelvis,4 in lumbar vertebrae ;Osteoporosis and bone softening: 23 cases in forearm patients, 23 in calf, 5 in pelvis, 8 in lumbar vertebrae; Mixed changes: 6 cases in forearm, 9 in calf, 10 in pelvis, 1 in lumbar vertebrae patients; oint changes: 107 cases in forearm, 47 in calf, 28 in pelvis, 19 in lumbar vertebrae. There were X-ray no changes before and after the treatment in all of parts in control group. In treatment group, there were only 2 patients showed extraperiostealin and joint changes after the treatment, in which one showed better ossification of interosseous membrane of leg and another one showed disappearance of the lateral hyperplasia of the left pelvic acetabulum. There were no changes between before and after treatment in X-ray of all parts in the rest patiens of the treatment group. There was no significant difference between before and after treatment in both groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is no obvious improvement in radiology of patients with skeletal fluorosis treated by Guo's therapy.

Adult ; Bone Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; Fluorine ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Osteosclerosis ; chemically induced ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the risk factors for elevated serum total bile acid (TBA) in preterm infants.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 216 preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. According to the presence or absence of elevated TBA (TBA >24.8 μmol/L), the preterm infants were divided into elevated TBA group with 53 infants and non-elevated TBA group with 163 infants. A univariate analysis and an unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for elevated TBA.

RESULTSThe univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the elevated TBA group and the non-elevated TBA group in gestational age at birth, birth weight, proportion of small-for-gestational-age infants, proportion of infants undergoing ventilator-assisted ventilation, fasting time, parenteral nutrition time, and incidence of neonatal respiratory failure and sepsis (P<0.05). The unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight (OR=3.84, 95%CI: 1.53-9.64) and neonatal sepsis (OR=2.56, 95%CI: 1.01-6.47) were independent risk factors for elevated TBA in preterm infants.

CONCLUSIONSLow birth weight and neonatal sepsis may lead to elevated TBA in preterm infants.

Bile Acids and Salts ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; blood ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; blood ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; blood

Objective: To explore the efficacy of entecavir antiviral therapy on the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) combined with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Tibet region. Methods: HBeAg-positive CHB patients who were treated with entecavir in the outpatient and inpatient Department of Infectious Diseases of the Tibet Autonomous Region people's Hospital between January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 140 subjects with CHB, 95 cases were CHB alone, and the other 45 cases were diagnosed as CHB combined with NAFLD by ultrasound. All patients were given entecavir 0.5 mg orally once daily on an empty stomach for 48 weeks. HBeAg negative conversion rate, blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function and the degree of liver fibrosis were compared between the two groups at the 12th, 24th and 48th weeks of treatment to evaluate the virological response. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to process the data. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x¯±s). Descriptive statistical analysis was used for t-test, and the categorical variables were expressed as percentage (%) and χ² test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After 48 weeks of treatment, the HBeAg and HBV DNA negative conversion rate were significantly better in patients with CHB alone (group B) than CHB combined with NAFLD (group A), that is to say, HBeAg negative conversion rate in group A and B patients were 28.90% and 40%, respectively, and group B was better than group A. HBV DNA negative conversion rate was significantly elevated in group B (83.2%) than group A (64.4%), with statistical significance (P<0.05), and the difference between the both groups was statistically significant. Alanine aminotransferase level was significantly decreased in patients with CHB alone than patients with CHB combined with NAFLD. Aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index was significantly decreased after treatment than before treatment in both group of patients, and the depletion was more pronounced in CHB alone group. Liver stiffness values were significantly decreased in patients with CHB combined with NAFLD than CHB alone group. Moreover, liver stiffness values was higher in group A than group B before treatment under the influence of fat attenuation factors, and the differences before treatment and after treatment were 3.50±4.66 and 2.05±2.53, respectively; however, group B was not affected by fat attenuation factors, so LSM value reduction in group A was more obvious, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in blood glucose and blood lipids levels before and after treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: NAFLD has a certain effect on antiviral therapy and liver fibrosis in patients with CHB, i.e., the effect of antiviral therapy in patients with CHB alone is better than patients with CHB combined with NAFLD. Patients with CHB combined with NAFLD when treated with antiviral therapy had a significantly greater degree of liver stiffness reduction than patients with CHB alone. Therefore, it is necessary to actively intervene the risk factors associated with NAFLD according to the actual situation of different individuals to improve clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; DNA, Viral ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives* ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications* ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibet ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in acute ethanol-induced liver injury and its mechenism. METHODS: Twenty-one C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group, ethanol group, CQ + ethanol group (=7). Mice in ethanol group were administered 33% (v/v) ethanol at a dose of 4.5 g/kg body weight. Ethanol-induced liver steatosis in each group was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hepatic lipid accumulation was detected by staining with Oil red O. Hepatic tissue triglyceride (TG) levels, serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were determined by biochemical assays. Protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65) were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)、interleukin 6(IL-6) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with control group, ethanol induced liver injury proved by accumulation of hepatic lipids, TG levels, AST and ALT activities were significantly increased by ethanol, protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was also markedly increased by ethanol. Compared with ethanol group, addition of CQ increased furtherthe level of LC3-Ⅱexpression, and TG amount, serum AST and ALT activities, and the expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-αand IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Acute ethanol-intake could induce liver steatosis and inflammation, and autophagy inhibitor CQ exacerbatedethanol-induced liver injury, suggested that autophagy might be protective effect in acute ethanol-induced liver disease.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Chloroquine ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Liver ; drug effects ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

Four new corynanthe-type alkaloids, meloslines C-F (1-4), together with four known ones (5-8) were isolated from the roots of Alstonia scholaris. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent vasorelaxant activity on endothelium-intact renal arteries precontracted with KCl.