Forearm ; innervation ; Ganglion Cysts ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; innervation ; surgery ; Tendons ; surgery ; Ulnar Nerve ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the hemodynamics of the pulmonary artery (PA) in pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH).

METHODSWith combined clinical hemodynamic measurements and CT data, the 3D model of PA and its branches was reconstructed to obtain the real 3D geometric structure of PA and its branches. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out for the reconstructed 3D geometric model of the PA and its branches with Womersley velocity as main pulmonary entrance conditions; then hemodynamic parameters of the PA and its branches in cardiac cycle were calculated and the changes of flow field, pressure, wall shear stress (WSS) at different times, and its impact on physiological processes were analyzed.

RESULTSimulation showed that the pressure of the main PA and the branches of the left and right PA was higher in the systolic period than that in the diastolic period; especially, the that of right PA and its interlobular artery was significantly higher than that of the left. The blood flow velocity of the main PA and its branches of right and left PA was significant different, the velocity was much higher at the distal of the right PA than that at the left. High WSS field formed at the proximal of the right PA before the branches during the systolic.

CONCLUSIONThe right PA at the proximal and lower lobe artery are affected by much larger pressure and change firstly, so the change of morphological and functional of theses segments will be have more important value to prompt existence of the early PAH.

Adult ; Computer Simulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Pulmonary Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Anastomosis, Surgical ; Anastomotic Leak/surgery* ; Drainage ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Suction

Objective To elucidate the association of genetic polymorphisms of key molecules in JAK/STAT signaling pathway with susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods A total of 367 HCC patients and 367 healthy controls were recruited in this sex- and age-matched case-control study.Genetic polymorphisms of IL-6 (rs1800796,-572C＞G),STAT3 (rs744166,+ 26312T＞C; rs3816769,+ 42240T＞C; rs6503695,+ 40980T＞C),EGFR (rs11543848,+ 142530A＞G),and mTOR (rs7211818,+ 170278A＞G; rs9674559,+ 196983A＞G; rs11653499,+65678G＞A) were genotyped using a mass spectrometry method.Odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results Genotype frequency of the 8 polymorphisms of IL-6,STAT3,EGFR,and mTOR were not significantly different between the patients with HCC and the controls.When stratified by sex,the female subjects who carried STAT3 +26312CC,+ 42240CC,or + 40980CC had a decreased risk of HCC when compared to those who carried TT allele (OR=0.192,95％CI:0.047-0.784; OR=0.180,95％CI:0.045-0.725;OR=0.198,95％ CI:0.049-0.806,respectively).When compared with AA genotype on the site of EGFR + 142530,the (AG+ GG) genotype reduced the risk of HCC in women (OR=0.422,95％CI:0.179-0.994).Conclusion The polymorphisms of IL-6 (rs1800796) and mTOR (rs7211818,rs9674559,and rs11653499) were not associated with the HCC susceptibility.Those carrying CC allele in three loci (rs744166,rs3816769,and rs6503695) of STAT3 and (AG + GG) in rs11543848 of EGFR had a decreased risk of HCC in women.However,these results need to be validated using larger sample size.

Objective To study the effects of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription on the migration ability of MHCC97-H and the expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7; To discuss its relevant mechanism of action. Methods Setting Sorafenib as a positive control, CCK-8 method was used for determining the effects of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription on the cell proliferation of MHCC97-H and the optimum concentration. Scratch assay was used to observe the migration ability of MHCC97-H. The protein expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were detected by Western blot after 24 h of medicine intervention. Results Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription and Sorafenib can inhibit the cell proliferation of MHCC97-H , and the inhibitory concentration was 0.095 g/mL and 10 μmol/mL at 24 hours. Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription can inhibit migration ability of MHCC97-H. The protein expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells decreased after the action of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription. Conclusion Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription can inhibit MHCC97-H cell proliferation and migration, which may be realized by down-regulating chemokine axis of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7.

Objective] To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus( HBV) genotype and their mutations on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . [ Methods ] A cohort study on patients with chronic HBV infection was followed up.HBV genotypes were identified by nested multiplex PCR and multiplex PCR.And HBV mutations in the basic core promoter region were sequencing by PCR amplification. [ Results] The patients infected with genotype B were followed up for an average of 8.52 years (IQR:6.67-10.75), of whom the incidence of HCC was 6.55/1 000 person-years.After follow up with an average of 8.87 years (IQR:6.85-11.33), the incidence of HCC was 11.63/1 000 person-years for the patients infected with genotype C, which were significantly higher than those infected with genotype B (P=0.006).In genotype B HBV infected patients, age (≥60 years), cirrhosis can in-crease the risk of HCC, and in genotype C patients, male, age (≥40 years), cirrhosis, C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A mutation as well.Interferon therapy can reduce the risk of HCC.In genotype C group, interferon treatment reduced HCC risk in patients carrying A1762T/G1764A mutation (HR=0.21, P=0.008) and in those without T1753V ( HR=0.08, P=0.012) and C1653T mutation ( HR=0.17, P=0.013). [Conclusion] HBV genotypes and mutation are closely associated with HCC.Patients infected with genotype C, carrying 1762T/G1764A mutation should be given priority of receiving antiviral treatments in order to prevent HCC;those carrying C1653T or T1753V mutation should be monitored closely to detect early HCC and receive timely surgical resection.

Objective To investigate the bioequivalence of gliclazide sustained-release tablets in Chinese healthy subjects.Methods The study was designed using a single-center,open,randomized,single-dose,two-cycle,two-sequence administration method;subjects were orally administered the test/reference preparation 30 mg on an fasting or fed conditions,with self-cross-dosing.The concentration of gliclazide in human plasma was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of gliclazide(Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞)were analyzed by non-atrioventricular model of WinNonlin.Result In the fasting study,24 subjects were recruited and 22 completed the study.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of gliclazide sustained-release tablets test preparation and reference preparation in the fasting group were as follows:Cmax were(862.48±294.48)and(902.96±259.09)ng·mL-1;AUC0-t were(2.60 × 104±8 930.46)and(2.50 ×104±7 573.42)h·ng-1·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were(3.00 × 104±1.43 × 104)and(2.68 × 104±7 085.99)h·ng·mL-1.In the fed study,twenty-four subjects were enrolled and 23 completed the study.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of gliclazide sustained-release tablets test preparation and reference preparation in fed group:Cmax were(1 531.74±273.49)and(1 510.87±241.08)ng·mL-1;AUC0-t were(2.78 ×104±9 565.89)and(2.76 ×104±9 821.43)h·ng·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were(3.02 ×104±1.24 ×104)and(3.02 × 104±1.30 × 104)h·ng·mL-1 h·ng·mL-1.The 90％confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios of Cmax,AUC0-t,AUC0-∞ for the test preparation and reference preparation gliclazide sustained-release tablets were all between 80％and 125％.Conclusion The test and the reference preparation of gliclazide sustained-release tablets are bioequivalent in Chinese healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVETo explore a new method for finite element modeling to achieve material property assignment based on in situ CT gray value in simulated osteotomies for deformities.

METHODSA CT scan dataset of the lower limb of a patient with extorsion deformity was obtained for three-dimensional reconstruction using Mimics software and preparing a solid model. In the CAD software, the parameters for osteotomy simulation were defined including the navigation axis, rotation angle and reference plane. The tibia model was imported to the FEA pre-processing software for meshing procedure and then exported to Mimics. All the segments of the tibia meshed model were assigned uneven material properties based on the relationship between CT gray values and material properties in the Mimics software. Finally, all the segments of the tibia model, reference axis and reference plane were assembled in the pre-processing software to form a full finite element model of a corrected tibia, which was submitted to resolver for biomechanical analysis.

RESULTSThe tibia model established using our modeling method had inhomogeneous material properties based on CT gray values, and was available for finite element analysis for the simulation of osteotomy.

CONCLUSIONSThe proposed finite element modeling method, which retains the accuracy of the material property assignment based on CT gray value, can solve the reposition problem commonly seen in modeling via the routine method of property assignment and provides an efficient, flexible and accurate computational biomechanical analysis method for orthopedic surgery.

Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Osteotomy ; Software ; Tibia ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imaging and hemodynamical features of pulmonary artery branches in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH).

METHODSCT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with ECG-gating was performed in 13 patients with clinical diagnosed COPD and 25 normal subjects. The thin-slice multiple plane reconstruction in systole and diastole phase was conducted, which in turn was used to generate the InSpace reconstructed images with reference frame of the main pulmonary artery and the first two grades branches, the contour of the branches was depicted. On the base of coordinates, the GAMBIT was used to generate nodes and furthermore meshes, then the software Fluent was used for numerical calculation and flow simulation. The velocity and pressure changes in the main pulmonary artery and the first two grades branches during different periods of cardiac cycle were observed in both groups.

RESULTCTPA showed that the diameter of the main pulmonary before bifurcate and proximal of the first two branches was larger in systole period than that in diastole period. The diameter of the second segmental artery of right upper lobe was larger during diastole period. The length of the main pulmonary and the first two branches showed no significant difference in both diastole and systole periods. There was no significant difference in length of pulmonary arteries between COPD and normal groups. The main pulmonary to distal right pulmonary artery appeared larger in diastole period. Compared with normal, in COPD group several arteries increased in diameter including proximal and distal of the proximal right pulmonary artery and the proximal right pulmonary artery during systole and diastole periods. In systole period only the diameter of the main pulmonary before bifurcate got larger and the back basic segmental artery of both lower lobe show smaller than normal. The flow condition analysis in COPD and normal groups suggested higher pressure in pulmonary arteries during systole period than that in diastole period, both groups showed high pressure area below the branching point. In COPD patients the right lower lobe artery endured the most significant pressure fall during the two periods and high pressure distributed larger area than normal. Flow velocity in main branch was faster than lower grade branches and that in systole period was faster than that in diastole period. The trend of diffusion of high pressure area was more prominent in diastole period than normal and the influence more prominent.

CONCLUSIONThe distal part of right pulmonary artery to lower lobe artery may be affected earlier when the pulmonary pressure increased. It is feasible to study the changes of flow condition in pulmonary artery branches though the combination of CTPA image and relevant software.

Adult ; Angiography ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; physiopathology ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Neuro signal has many more advantages than myoelectricity in providing information for prosthesis control, and can be an ideal source for developing new prosthesis. In this work, by implanting intrafascicular electrode clinically in the amputee's upper extremity, collective signals from fascicules of three main nerves (radial nerve, ulnar nerve and medium nerve) were successfully detected with sufficient fidelity and without infection. Initial analysis of features under different actions was performed and movement recognition of detected samples was attempted. Singular value decomposition features (SVD) extracted from wavelet coefficients were used as inputs for neural network classifier to predict amputee's movement intentions. The whole training rate was up to 80.94% and the test rate was 56.87% without over-training. This result gives inspiring prospect that collective signals from fascicules of the three main nerves are feasible sources for controlling prosthesis. Ways for improving accuracy in developing prosthesis controlled by neuro signals are discussed in the end.
Amputation ; Amputees ; Artificial Limbs ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Movement ; physiology ; Muscles ; innervation ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology