Phyllosphere and epiphytes have attracted significant interest of more and more researchers by their unique biological characteristics. Progress of research on phyllosphere and epiphytes was summarized in this paper, and the special emphasis was put on the characteristic of phyllosphere, microbial communities, invasion and the location of bacteria on leaf surfaces. Some ideas for further studies on phyllosphere microbes were also proposed.

Bacterial Infections ; Humans ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity ; microbiology

Objective To study manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and observe its relation to metastatic potential. To investigate the diagnostic performance of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) for detecting metastatic potential of CRC. Methods High and low metastatic potential CRC cell lines SW620, HCT116, LoVo and SW480, DLD-1, HCT15, Caco-2, as well as normal colon mucosal cell CCD841 CoN were cultured. MnSOD expression level in cells was detected by western blot and the measurement was repeated for three times. HCT15, DLD-1, LoVo and SW620 cells were selected to perform in vitro MEMRI and subcutaneous xenografts were developed for subsequent in vivo MEMRI. MnCl2·4H2O solution was utilized as the contrast agent and T1 shortening was calculated. The differences of MnSOD expression level in cells, average T1 value shortening of cells and xenografts were separately compared by one-way ANOVA.Results The difference of MnSOD expression level in CRC cells were significant (P<0.05). All CRC cells have shown higher level of MnSOD expression than normal cell, except for Caco-2. The highest expression were shown in low metastatic potential cells (HCT15 and DLD-1). Whereas relatively low MnSOD expression was found both in high and low metastatic potential cells (LoVo, SW620, HCT116 and SW480). In vitro MEMRI demonstrated that the average T1 value shortening was greatest in high metastatic potential cells SW620 and LoVo [(289.33±0.57) and (268.45 ± 6.87) ms)], was significantly lower in low metastatic potential cells DLD-1 and HCT15, was lowest in CCD841 CoN [(65.12 ± 0.12)ms] (P<0.05). Twenty nine xenografts were successfully developed, high metastatic potential SW620 and LoVo tumors of 5 and 10 mm group showed greater T1 shortening, low metastatic potential DLD-1 and HCT15 tumors showed significantly less T1 shortening (P<0.05). However no significant difference was found in similar metastatic potential tumors (P>0.05). Conclusions MEMRI has the potential to noninvasively distinguish different metastatic potential CRC by revealing greater T 1 value shortening in more aggressive one. However the MnSOD expression in CRC cells is not corresponding to malignant potential.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cyclophosphamide ; adverse effects ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Asthma ; diagnosis ; Child ; Humans ; Perception

Health Policy ; Humans ; Italy ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Safety Management

Finland ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Safety Management

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Marfan Syndrome ; complications ; Urinary Tract ; abnormalities

To observe the effects of Danshen-containing serum on SuFu and DYRK2 expression in the HSCs stimulated by leptin. SD rats (n = 60) were used to make danshen-containing serum by gastric perfusion for ten days with Danshen water decoction, normal saline and colchicine. The HSCs that were cultured in vitro would be stimulated for 24 hours by leptin (100 μg x L(-1)) except blank control group, after being intervened, the drug serum in each group would be cultured at 37 degrees C in 5% incubator. The cells would be collected after 24 hours, then the effects of danshen-containing serum on the proliferation of HSCs were detected by MTT, the expression of SuFu mRNA and DYRK2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR, the expression of SuFu and DYRK2 proteins were tested by Western blot. Compared with blank control group, the expression of DYRK2 mRNA and DYRK2 proteins were enhanced obviously after stimulated the HSCs of rats by leptin (P < 0.01), but the expression of SuFu mRNA and SuFu proteins were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, after cyclopamine group (Hh pathway inhibitor), Danshen-containing serum and colchicine were interfered, the expression of DYRK2 mRNA and DYRK2 proteins were decreased clearly (P < 0.01), but the expression of SuFu mRNA and SuFu proteins were increased significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with model group, adding purmorphamine (Hh pathway agonist) to model group and making it activate could increase the expression of DYRK2 mRNA and DYRK2 proteins, but the expression of SuFu mRNA and SuFu proteins were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, using the Danshen-containing serum to interfere the purmorphamine group could make the expression of DYRK2 mRNA and DYRK2 proteins decrease and the expression of SuFu mRNA and SuFu proteins increase significantly (P < 0.01). Danshen-containing serum would inhibition the activation and increment of HSCs by interfering the expression of SuFu and DYRK2 which were induced by leptin.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry