Objective To explore the predictive value of primary tumor site for loco?regional recurrence ( LRR) in early breast cancer patients with one to three positive axillary lymph nodes after radical surgery. Methods The clinical data of 656 patients pathologically diagnosed with pT1?2 N1 M0 breast cancer who received radical surgery without postoperative radiotherapy in our hospital from 1998 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. In those patients, 156 had primary tumor located in the inner quadrant, 45 in the central quadrant, and 455 in the outer quadrant. LRR and local recurrence?free survival ( LRFS) were end points. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to estimate LRR and LRFS rates. The log?rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression model. Results The 5?and 10?year sample sizes were 416 and 191, respectively. The 5?and 10?year LRR rates were 8?6% and 12?9%, respectively, while the 5?and 10?year LRFS rates were 86?2%and 76?4%, respectively. The univariate analysis indicated that age, pT stage, Ki67 level, molecular classification, and primary tumor in the inner quadrant were significant influencing factors for LRR ( P=0?000,0?006,0?017,0?004,0?000). The multivariate analysis showed that age no greater than 35 years, primary tumor in the inner quadrant, and non?luminal subtype in molecular classification were independent prognostic factors for LRR and LRFS ( P=0?0012,0?012,0?005) . With an increasing number of risk factors ( ≥ 2 ) , patients with primary tumor in the inner quadrant had a dramatically increased LRR rate and a reduced LRFS rate, while patients with primary tumor in the outer or central quadrant kept the same LRR and LRFS rates. Conclusions The primary tumor site holds promise for prediction of LRR and LRFS in patients with pT1?2N1M0 breast cancer after radical surgery. Patients with primary tumor located in the inner quadrant have a high LRR rate and a low LRFS rate, which provides an excellent predictor for the risk of recurrence in patients with high?risk breast cancer.

Objective To observe changes of serum concentrations of interleukin-18(IL-18) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) and to explore the correlation of the 2 indices and its effect on patients′condition.Methods Thirty newborn infants met the criteria for HIE.There were 16 cases in mild HIE group,14 cases in moderate and severe HIE group.Twenty normal newborn infants were used as control group.The serum concentrations of IL-18 and ICAM-1 of HIE group and control group were detected using ELISA on the third day and 7th day.Results 1.The IL-18 levels of the mild,moderate and severe HIE and control groups measured within 3 days of life were (120.1?12.7),(175.1?15.4),(100.3?12.5) ng/L,respectively.The concentrations of IL-18 in HIE groups were higher than that of control group(Pa

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of comprehensive treatment in young women with cervical car-cinoma.Methods A total of 52 young women with cervical carcinoma were treated with uterine artery chemoembolization.50 cases underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy after interventional therapy.The patients with pathological risk factors were given supplementary radiotherapy.Results The clinical overall response rate was 88.5%.96.2% of patients underwent sur-gery and lymph node metastasis rate was 26.9%.The 2,5 year overall survival rates of patients were 91.5%,71.2% respectively. Conclusion The comprehensive treatment can improve overall survival rate and quality of life for young woman with cervical carci-noma.Postoperative patients with pathologically related risk factors should be treated with supplement chemoradiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between molecular subtypes of breast cancer and postoperative loco-regional recurrence (LR) in early breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes (pN1) and to improve the individualized indications for post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT)in these patients.Methods A total of 547 patients with pT1-2 N1M0 breast cancer,who received mastectomy between December 1998 and December 2009 in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,were retrospectively analyzed.None of them received adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy.The patients were divided into luminal A group,luminal B group,HER-2-overexpressing group,and triple-negative group according to the molecular subtypes of breast cancer determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.The patients in different groups were compared in terms of LR rate (LRR) and LR-free survival (LRFS),and the risk factors for LR were analyzed in combination with clinical and pathological features.The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to calculate LRR and LRFS;the Logrank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis.The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The luminal A group,luminal B group,HER-2-overexpressing group,and triple-negative group accounted for 30.0％,48.6％,9.3％,and 12.1％,respectively,of all the patients.The follow-up rate was 97.1％ ;334 patients were followed up for at least 5 years,and 127 were followed up for at least 10 years.Univariate analysis showed that,compared with the luminal A group,the HER-2-overexpressing group and triple-negative group had significantly higher 5-year LRRs (19.0％ vs 5.3％,x2 =4.28,P =0.026; 14.9％ vs 5.3％,x2 =5.02,P =0.015) and significantly lower LRFSs (73.5％ vs 91.1％,x2=7.27,P=0.005;80.6％ vs 91.1％,x2=4.77,P=0.021).Multivariate analysis revealed that HER-2 overexpression,triple-negative phenotype,age of ≤ 35 years,and stage pT2 were poor prognostic factors for survival (LRR and LRFS) (x2 =2.29,2.08,18.22,and 6.86,P =0.020,0.016,0.001,and 0.005;x2 =1.90,1.41,8.58,and 3.94,P=0.006,0.025,0.002,and 0.039).The 10-year LRRs of patients with 0,1,and ≥2 of the above risk factors were 4.3％,14.1％,and 31.9％,respectively (x2 =28.03,P =0.000).Conclusions Molecular subtyping is helpful for individualized evaluation of LR risk in early breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes (pN1).PMRT should be recommended for the patients with 2 or more risk factors for LR.

Suspension cultures cell of Sorbus aucuparia (SASC) was used as materials, the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of SASC after treatment with yeast extract (YE) were detected, and the synthetic mechanism of secondary metabolites in SASC treated with YE was preliminarily explored. The results were as follows: under the assay conditions, SASC was induced to synthesize five biphenyl compounds, and these compounds content changed differently with induction time prolonging; YE treatment inhibited cell growth, the culture medium pH was gradually reduced after treatment; water-soluble protein content showed a trend of slow decline, which was significantly increased in YE treatment group (YE group) compared with the control group (CK group), the maximum relative content was 147.76% in contrast with CK group; both YE group and CK group were extracellular Ca2+ flow influx, but the YE group flow was significantly slow than CK group. The results indicate that YE induced the cells in a stress state, which was not conducive to the growth of cells and forced the cells to synthesize biphenyl compounds against external stress; water-soluble protein may serve as intracellular enzymes involved in the synthesis of compounds regulation; Ca2+ may as signal molecule mediate cell signal transduction respond to YE stress.
Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chemistry ; Secondary Metabolism ; Sorbus ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the immunogenetic features of human leukocyte antigen DRB1, DQB1 locus and children with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Han ethnic population in Kunming and its association with digestive diseases and H. pylori to better understand the immunogenetic features of the H. pylori infection.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method was used to study the HLA-DRB1, DQB1 allelic frequency distribution on 35 children with H. pylori infection and 37 healthy controls in Han ethnic population in Kunming.

RESULTSAllelic frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 0901, DQB1 * 03032 in the H. pylori infection group were lower than those of the healthy control group (7.14% vs. 31.08%, chi(2) = 13.16, Pc < 0.012; 5.71% vs. 25.68%, chi(2) = 10.68, Pc = 0.007) but the rest alleles' frequencies did not show significant differences.

CONCLUSIONThese result suggested that HLA-DRB1 * 0901, DQB1 * 03032 might protect the H. pylori infection in Han ethnic population in Kunming.

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Female ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Helicobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics ; immunology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETrichosanthin (TCS), a ribosome-inactivating protein extracted from the root tuber of Chinese medicinal herb Trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz, has various pharmacological properties including abortifacient, anti-tumor and anti-virus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TCS on infectious brain injury induced by Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) in mice.

METHODSNinety mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Normal control group (n=30), Model group (n=30) and TCS-treated group (n=30). Viral encephalitis was induced by intracranial inoculation of HSV-1 in the latter two groups. The TCS-treated group was injected with TCS 30 minutes before HSV-1 inoculation. The water content of brain tissue was measured at 1, 12, 24 and 48 hrs, and at 4 and 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation. The viral titer of brain tissue and brain histopathological changes were detected at 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation. The neurological deficient scores were determined daily.

RESULTSThe water content of brain tissue in the TCS-treated group between 48 hrs and 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation was significantly lower than that in the Model group (P < 0.05), although it was significantly higher than that in the Normal control group (P < 0.05). The viral titer of brain tissue in the TCS-treated group was markedly lower than that in the Model group (1.16 +/- 0.45 vs 2.89 +/- 0.44; P < 0.05) 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation. The neurological deficient scores of the TCS-treated group after 24 hrs of HSV-1 inoculation were significantly lower than that in the Model group but were higher than those of the Normal control group. TCS treatment resulted in alleviated pathological changes of brain tissue compared with the Model group 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation.

CONCLUSIONSTCS has protective effects against infectious brain injury induced by HSV-1 in mice.

Animals ; Body Water ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Encephalitis, Viral ; drug therapy ; Female ; Herpes Simplex ; drug therapy ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Male ; Mice ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Trichosanthin ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDPax-6 gene plays an important role in the process of eye development. This study was to determine the role of pax-6 in the axial myopia produced by hyperopic optical defocus and form deprivation in infant monkeys.

METHODSAmong seven normal infant rhesus monkeys (aged 1 to 1.5 months), five wore -3.00 D spectacle lenses over their right eyes and zero-powered lenses over their left eyes. Monocular form deprivation was produced by eyelid fusion in two monkeys. Ten weeks later, the monkeys were sacrificed by an overdose of barbiturates and their eyes were removed immediately. A 5 mm x 5 mm button of retina and sclera was taken from the posterior poles along with a 4-mm optic nerve. RNA was isolated separately from each of these three types of tissues. After that, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for determining gene expression in the retina, sclera and optic nerve. Semi-quantitative analyses were performed on the PCR products.

RESULTSAs expected, the optically induced hyperopic defocus and the form deprivation produced myopic growth. For the lens-treatment monkeys, pax-6 gene expression in the retinas of the defocused eyes was significantly higher than in the retinas of the left eyes (t = 5.703, P = 0.005). However, there were no analogous significant differences between pax-6 expression in the scleras or the optic nerves. For the two form-deprived monkeys, there were no obvious differences in pax-6 gene expression in the retinas or the optic nerves.

CONCLUSIONThe result that the expression of pax-6 was enhanced by hyperopic defocus in the infant monkey retina suggests that pax-6 may be involved in vision-dependent eye growth and emmetropization.

Animals ; Eye Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Myopia ; metabolism ; Optic Nerve ; metabolism ; PAX6 Transcription Factor ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Repressor Proteins ; Retina ; metabolism ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sclera ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDEmerging evidence suggests that stem cells can be used to improve cardiac function in patients after acute myocardial infarction. In this randomized trial, we aimed to use Doppler tissue tracking and strain imaging to assess left ventricular segmental function after intracoronary transfer of autologous bone-marrow stem cells (BMCs) for 6 months' follow up.

METHODSTwenty patients with acute myocardial infarction and anterior descending coronary artery occlusion proven by angiography were [corrected] randomized into intracoronary injection of bone-marrow cell (treated, n = 9) or diluted serum (control, n = 11) groups. GE vivid 7 and Q-analyze software were used to perform echocardiogram in both groups 1 week, 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Three apical views of tissue Doppler imaging were acquired to measure peak systolic displacement (Ds) and peak systolic strain (epsilonpeak) from 12 segments of LV walls. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were obtained by Simposon's biplane method.

RESULTS(1) 3 months later, Ds and epsilonpeak over the infract-related region clearly increased in the BMCs group [Ds: (4.49 +/- 2.71) mm vs (7.56 +/- 2.95) mm, P < 0.01; epsilonpeak: (-13.40 +/- 6.00)% vs (-17.06 +/- 6.05)%, P < 0.01], but not in the control group [Ds: (4.74 +/- 2.67) mm vs (5.01 +/- 3.23) mm, P > 0.05; epsilonpeak: (-13.84 +/- 6.05)% vs (-15.04 +/- 6.75)%, P > 0.05]. At the same time, Ds over the normal region also increased, but the Ds enhancement was markedly higher in the BMCs group than that in the control group [(3.21 +/- 3.17) mm vs (0.76 +/- 1.94) mm, P < 0.01]. Parameters remained steady from the 3rd to 6th month in either group (P > 0.05). (2) LVEF in treated and control groups were almost the same at baseline (1st week after PCI) [(53.37 +/- 8.92)% vs (53.51 +/- 5.84)%, P > 0.05]. But 6 months later, LVEF in the BMCs group were clearly higher than that in the control group [(59.33 +/- 12.91)% vs (50.30 +/- 8.30)%, P < 0.05]. (3) There were no evident difference in EDV or ESV between two groups at baseline [EDV: (113.74 +/- 23.24) ml vs (129.94 +/- 32.72) ml, P > 0.05; ESV: (57.12 +/- 18.66) ml vs (62.09 +/- 17.68) ml, P > 0.05]. Three months later, EDV and ESV in the control group were markedly greater than those in the BMCs group [EDV: (154.89 +/- 46.34) ml vs (104.85 +/- 33.21) ml, P < 0.05; ESV: (82.91 +/- 35.79) ml vs (49.54 +/- 23.32) ml, P < 0.05]. But EDV and ESV did not change much from 3rd to 6th month in either group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEmergency transplantation of autologous BMCs in patients with acute myocardial infarction helps to improve global and regional contractility and attenuate post-infarction left ventricular remodeling. Tissue tracking and strain imaging provide quick, simple and noninvasive methods for quantifying left ventricular segmental function in humans.

Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Ventricular Remodeling

OBJECTIVETo study if there is any association between frequency of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes and susceptibility or resistance to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among children of Yi ethnic group in Kunming for understanding the immunogenetic features of the digestive diseases associated with Hp infection.

METHODSPeripherial blood samples were collected from 156 children of Yi ethnic group in a primary school in Kunming city by cluster sampling and the blood Hp-IgG tests (ELISA) were performed. The samples were divided into two groups (Hp-IgG-positive group and Hp-IgG-negative group) according to the blood Hp-IgG test results. There were 61 children in Hp-IgG-positive group and 95 children in Hp-IgG-negative group. Forty children who were chosen from each group by simple random sampling underwent (13)carbon-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT). Thirty-three children who were Hp-IgG-positive and (13)C-UBT-positive were defined as currently Hp- infected group; 39 children who were Hp-IgG-negative and (13)C-UBT-negative were defined as Hp-non-infected group. DNA specimens were extracted from the lymphocytes of their peripheral blood samples. HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 DNA typing was performed by using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). HLA-DRB1, DQB1 allelic frequency distribution among currently Hp infected and non-infected children was compared.

RESULTSHLA-DRB1 * 12 gene frequency among children in Hp non-infected group was higher than that in the currently Hp-infected group (42.31% vs. 14.52%, P < 0.001, Pc < 0.012); however, HLA-DRB1 * 11 gene frequency in the Hp-non-infected group was lower than that in the currently Hp-infected group (3.85% vs. 12.9%, P < 0.05, Pc > 0.05). HLA-DQB1 * 0301 gene frequency in the Hp non-infected group was higher than that in the currently Hp-infected group (55.13% vs. 32.26%, P < 0.007, Pc < 0.05); however, HLA-DQB1 * 04 gene frequency in the Hp non-infected group was lower than that in currently Hp infected group (2.56% vs. 11.29%, P < 0.05, Pc > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHLA-DRB1 * 12 and HLA-DQB1 * 0301 gene may be associated with protection against Hp infection in Kunming Yi ethnic group children. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to clarify if HLA-DRB1 * 11 and HLA-DQB1 * 04 are associated with susceptible gene to Hp infection.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; ethnology ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Helicobacter Infections ; ethnology ; genetics ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans