Ever from FDA approved the Rituxan in 1997,an Anti-CD-20 chimeric antibody,there have been more than 20 antibodies approved and they have got into more than 56 countries.About half approvied antibodies are curing kinds of cancers and seven of them have got a excellent sale targets to be "Blockbuster Drug".As the cell culture technology improving,the large scale cell expression titer comes from 1g/L to 5g/L.At the same time,the culture scale is coming form 12,000L to 15,000L,even 20000L and it can run several bioreactors at the same time.All these are make the improvement of the antibody purification.The new edition of media,system,chromatography technology and filtration technology can product the protein to several tens kilogram antibody per cycle and tons per year,although the productivity is only several kilograms per cycle many years ago.Also the new combined technology makes a two-step chromatography production protocol come into been.This will highly improve the antibody productivity and save the investment cost.

Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid artery atherosclerosis and risk factor in a young and middle-aged population in China who received health checkup.Methods A total of 762 cases of young and middle-aged adult were recruited between April and October in 2013.These subjects had no hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,and connective tissue disease,etc.Their Blood pressure,serum glucose (Glu),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured and carotid artery ultrasonography was performed.Of the 762 cases,589 were male,173 were female,mean age was (46 ± 9) years.For blood pressure,blood lipids,the t test was performed to detect the difference between arteriosclerosis group and non arteriosclerosis group in different age groups.Logistic regression was performed to reveal the risk factors with carotid arteriosclerosis.Results Of the 762 subjects,205 had carotid artery atherosclerosis; 30.2％ (178/589) of them were men and 15.6％(27/173) of them were women,with a significant difference between two groups,(x2=14.522,P=0.000).In the younger than 40 years old group,the diastolic blood pressure has statistical significance between carotid arteriosclerosis and non carotid arteriosclerosis group (t=-2.789,P＜ 0.05); blood sugar had statistically significant difference between the two groups (t value was-2.256,-2.930,-2.174,respectivly,P＜0.05).Multiple regression analysis revealed that the independent risk factors for carotid artery arteriosclerosis were age,sex,DBP,and Glu.The regression coefficients were 0.993,0.711,0.047,0.334 seperately.The ROC curve of age was analyzed,the area under the ROC curve was 0.731,cut-off was 51 years old.Conclusions Routine carotid artery ultrasound should be performed for older than 50 healthy middle-aged men,to determine whether arteriosclerosis exists,especially for people with abnormal blood glucose or elevated DBP.

Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Asthma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL5 ; secretion ; Cytokines ; secretion ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; secretion ; Interleukin-8 ; secretion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sputum ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; secretion ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

OBJECTIVETo optimize the prescription dose of Mahuang decoction in a multi-target manner, in order to provide reference for the quantitative optimization of the prescription dose of the traditional Chinese medicine compound.

METHODThe number of diaphoretic spots in rats, the tracheal antispasmodic rate in guinea pigs and the writhing times by acetic acid in mice were taken as the indexes for evaluating the diaphoretic, antispasmodic and analgesic effects. According to the experimental results of the 16 orthogonal combination prescriptions, a mathematical dose-effect model was built by support vector regression (SVR) and quadratic response surface regression (RSR) respectively. The multi-target optimization was achieved by elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and entropy weight TOPSIS method.

RESULTThe optimal dose of Mahuang decoction after being optimized by SVR modeling contained 17.71 g of Ephedrae Herba, 9.57 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus, 11.75 g of Armeniacae Semen Amarum and 4.39 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle. The optimized result by RSR modeling contained 13.37 g of Ephedrae Herba, 11.61 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus, 11.98 g of Armeniacae Semen Amarum and 5.67 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparate Cum Melle. SVR was superior to RSR in both of the forecast capacity and optimization results.

CONCLUSIONSVR-NSGA-II-TOPSIS method could be adopted for the multi-target optimization for the dose of Mahuang decoction and other traditional Chinese medicine compounds. It is proved to be the optimal prescription with the best efficacy, and could provide scientific quantitative basis for determining the dose of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions and developing new traditional Chinese medicines.

Animals ; Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Dosage Calculations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Ephedra ; chemistry ; Ephedra sinica ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Rats

Objective To explore the effects of difierent preoperative catheterization times to blood pressure,heart rate and occurrence rate of catheter-related bladder discomfort during postoperative emergence peiled among patients with time selecting operation.Methods 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups,30 patients in each group:the routine catheterization group(group A),the catheterization after premeditation for 15 minutes before anesthesia(group B),and the catheterization after anesthesia(group C).Physiological parameters of subjects(including systolic pressure,SBP;diastolic pressure,DBP;heart rate,HR)Were monitored pre-operatively,intra-operatively and post-operatively;catheter-related bladder discomfort was evaluated at Oh.1h,2h and 6h after operation.Results Blood pressure and heart rate at three measurement times(pre-operatively,intra-operatively and post-operatively)in group A had statistically significant meanings,respectively(P<0.05).There was no difference in group B and group C(P>0.05).The incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort was higher in group C than that in group A and B(P<0.05).and the difference had obviously statistical meaning(P<0.05).Conclusions Group B (catheterization after premeditation for 15 minutes before anesthesia)has the least effects of blood pressure,heart rate and catheter-related bladder discomfort on patients with time selecting surgery.So catheterization after premedication for 15 minutes before anesthesia is the choice with less influence to the patients.

0bjective To explore the nursing needs of the elders in penury countries and the influencing factors in order to provide suggestions for the improvement of QOL of the elder,and to reach health aging.Methods A total of 623 elders were selected from 8 villages of two penury countries,and the two was by random sampling from five penury counties of Lvliang City.Their nursing needs and influencing factors were assessed by interview and questionnaires.Results The score of nursing needs in penury countries was at a high level,sickness prevention was(3.40 4±0.56),health promotion was(3.30±0.70),nursing of disease was (3.56 4±0.52).r111e main influencing factors were illness,educational background,marital status.sex and average income per month.Conclusions We should aim directly at their features and take effective measures from society-family.individual level to satisfy their nursing needs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the content of nerve growth factor (NGF) in penis of rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) and apply rhNGF to treat the DED rat model to study the pathogenesis mechanism of DED and treatment effects by NGF for DED rat model.

METHODSFifty adult male SD rats were randomly selected to make up diabetic models. After 8 weeks, the mRNA and protein levels of NGF in rat penis were detected. Then the rest of rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control group, non-treated diabetes group, NGF treatment group, insulin treatment group, NGF plus insulin treatment group. After 8 weeks of treatment, intracavernous pressure (ICP) was measured. The content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the erectile tissue was also value- ated by immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSCompared with those of normal control group, the mRNA content of NGF and protein in the penis of non-treated diabetic rats is increased significantly. Compared with non-treated diabetic group, ICP was much higher in the treated groups which received NGF or/and insulin therapy, and the changes in nNOS staining of those groups were the same.

CONCLUSIONThe injury of pelvic splanchnic nerves in advanced stage of diabetes may lead to DED, which may be relevant to the abnormal of NGF level or the NGF receptors. The increased extent of NGF in penis of rat with DED suggests that erectile nerves be severely damaged by diabete and the increase of producing NGF couldn't compensate the needs for reproduction of the nerve fibers. The ability of combination of NGF with its receptor may also be damaged. It is helpful to use exogenous NGF to lessen the partly neuropathy and improve the erectile dysfunction of diabetic rats. The abnormal of NGF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic ED and its treatment.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Penis ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the impacts of the Three Gorges dam and change of water level on the survival of the local rodents, and to provide scientific basis to control the outbreak of rodent-borne diseases.Methods Four villages located around the Three Gorges dam were selected in the study. The mouse populations by using Elton night trapping method was monitored. Metallic spring traps were set for two consecutive nights. The mouse density and identified the mouse species was calculated. The mouse species indoor and outdoor, as well as the mouse density indoor and outdoor were compared. The impacts of water level in the dam and cleaning work on local mouse density were also analyzed. Results A total of 678 mice were caught in this study, 517 were caught indoor and 161 outdoor. Indoor dominant species was flavipectus; accounting for 36.49%(189/517), while outdoor was apodemus, reaching 56.88% (91/161). For mouse species, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 678.00, P ＜ 0.01 ). The average mouse density was 8.44%(678/8036) in trap nights. Indoor mouse density reached 14.44%(517/3581 ), which was significantly higher than that of outdoor(3.61%, 161/4455 ).For mouse density, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 301.04, P ＜ 0.01 ). When the water level was up to 156 m, mouse density reached 10%(513/5132), which was higher than that of before (5.68%, 165/2904). There was a significant difference in mouse density before and after reserving water (x2 = 44.68, P ＜ 0.01 ). With the change of water level, upstream mouse density formed a high platform from May 2007 to May 2008, followed by 12.25%(80/653), 13.16%(90/684), 12.95%(90/695), and decreased to 8.38%(28/334) after cleaning of the dam. Conclusions The Three Gorges dam and change of water level actually alter the survival environment of the local mouse, and affect local mouse density and mouse species. These may lead to local outbreak or epidemic of rodent-borne diseases.

Pheretima has a long history of medication, its original name was earthworm, and it was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing, which was listed as inferior product. In the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, two varieties of Pheretima were included. However, due to the variety of Pheretima, there are mixed non-pharmacopoeia collection of Pheretima family status. Based on the systematic review of ancient and modern literature, this paper conducts herbal textual research on Pheretima in terms of name, origin, distribution of origin, genuine production area, harvesting time, processing methods, etc. Based on the analysis of various ancient books and modern research documents of herbal medicine and their accompanying drawings, it is found that the Pheretima and white-necked Pheretima mentioned in ancient books are the general names of the genus Pheretima. The ancient people thought that white-necked Pheretima was a good medicinal material, which was the same as the opinion that Guangdilong was better in quality than Tudilong in modern research. In ancient and modern literature, the origin of earthworm is relatively consistent, but due to the change of environment, the output of wild Pheretima is reduced, and now the output of Pheretima is mainly artificial breeding. In ancient times, harvesting should be as far as possible in spring, summer and autumn. However, in modern times, the best harvest time is autumn. Different processing methods of earthworm in different ages and regions are different. Attention should be paid to following and inheriting the ancient processing methods, combining with modern research techniques, the quantitative standard of processing of Pheretima should be formulated, so that Pheretima medicinal materials can be applied comprehensively and effectively. This research provides the basis for the original source, resource development, correct use, genuine producing area and processing method determination of Pheretima.

Due to the negative autopsy and without cardiac structural abnormalities, unexpected sudden cardiac death （USCD） is always a tough issue for forensic pathological expertise. USCD may be associated with parts of fatal arrhythmic diseases. These arrhythmic diseases may be caused by disorders of cardiac ion channels or channel-related proteins. Caveolin can combine with multiple myocardial ion channel proteins through its scaffolding regions and plays an important role in maintaining the depolarization and repolarization of cardiac action potential. When the structure and function of caveolin are affected by gene mutations or abnormal protein expression, the functions of the regulated ion channels are correspondingly impaired, which leads to the occurrence of multiple channelopathies, arrhythmia or even sudden cardiac death. It is important to study the effects of caveolin on the functions of ion channels for exploring the mechanisms of malignant arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology* ; Autopsy ; Caveolins/metabolism* ; Channelopathies/genetics* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/metabolism* ; Mutation ; Myocardium