Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is an important means to clinical microbiology. At present, there are no standard AST methods for aquatic pathogens comparing with human and veterinary pathogens. We reviewed the recent research progress on establishing these methods and discussed the key factors in AST of aquatic pathogens. Furthermore the defect of AST of aquatic pathogens in China was profiled and prospect for further research was put forward.

Humans ; Laryngeal Cartilages ; pathology ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; Radiation Injuries ; diagnosis ; pathology

Animals ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Selenium ; pharmacology

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Objective To set up a method for determining the quercetin in Pyrola calliatha H.Andres.Method HPLC method was carried on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column(4.6 mm?150 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(50:50),and the detecting wavelength was at 370 nm.Result The standard curve was linear within the range of 0.092～0.46 ?g.The average recovery rate was 99.24% and RSD was 0.70%.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,highly sensitive and reproducible.It can be used for the quality determination of quercetin in Pyrola calliatha H.Andres.

OBJECTIVE:To provide information about the current situations and trend of development in Chinese phar?maceutical trade.METHODS:We have generally overviewed the basic situation and existing problems in Chinese pharmaceu?tical trade and analysed and discussed its trend of development in the future.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Chinese pharma?ceutical enterprises must think highly of their existing problems and the chances and challenges after entry into WTO,and take corresponding countermeasures to continually strengthen and improve their power of competition and jointly keep Chinese pharmaceutical trade healthy,constant and stable development.

Objective To detect the clinical characters and the classification of the congenital retinal vascular anomalies. Methods Nine cases (12 eyes) of congenital retinal vascular anomalies were exa- mined by ocular examination and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), in which 3 cases (4 eyes) were examined by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) simultaneously. Results The congenital retinal vascular anomalies were located at the posterior pole in 8 cases (10 eyes), and extended to peripheral retina in 1 case (2 eyes). Congenital retinal vascular anomalies were classified as follows: congenital retinal macrovessel (1 case, 1 eye); congenital retinal arteriolar tortuosity (2 cases, 3 eyes); inherited retinal venous beading (1 case, 2 eyes); and congenital prepapillary vascular loops (5 cases, 6 eyes). Four cases (5 eyes) were associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by physical exertion (Valsalva maneuver). Conclusion Most of the congenital retinal anomalies are located at the posterior pole, involving arteries and veins, and can be associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by Valsalva maneuver.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the ocular fundus of Chinese patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods The photographs of ocular fundus of 42 Chinese patients (48 eyes) with PCV diagnosed by fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were analyzed. Results In 48 eyes with PCV, 35 (72.9%) had subretinal hemorrhage, 13 (27.1%) had yellow-white exudation, 7 (14.6%) had subretinal tuberculum-like focus in tangerine peel at the posterior pole, and 26 (54.2%) had hemorrhagic or serous pigment epithelium detachment (PED). Thirty-six eyes (75.0%) had polypoidal dilations with branching vascular network, and the other 12 (25.0%) had scattered polypoidal dilations without identifiable continuous branching vascular network. The location for these lesions were at the macular region in 30 eyes (62 5%), arcade region in 6 (12.5%), peripapillary region in 3 (6.3%), and combination region in 9 (18.8%). Conclusions Most of the lesions in Chinese patients with PCV locate at the macular region and temporal vascular arcade. Most eyes are characterized by branching choroidal vessels with polyplike terminal aneurysmal dilations in ICGA.

Objective To observe the changes of disease course and the prognosis of visual acuity of Chinese patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods Visual acuity and fundus photochromes of 20 eyes of 15 consecutive patients with PCV were followed up with a mean of 19.1 months (range from 2 to 64 months), in which the fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of 14 eyes of 10 patients were followed up with a mean of 21.0 (range from 3 to 53) months. Results Among the 20 eyes, the visual acuity was more than 0.3 in 5 eyes (25.0%), between 0.1 and 0.2 in 6 (30 0%) and less than 0.1 in 9 (45.0%). During the follow-up, the visual acuity was improved in 2 (10.0%), stable in 10 (50.0%) and regressed in 8 (40.0%). Only 1 eye (5.0%) developed to macula scar. The result of ICGA revealed the polypoidal lesions that were unchanged in 4 eyes(28.6%), regressed in 2 (14.3%), grew in 6 (42.7%), repeatedly grew and spontaneously regressed in 6 (42.7%). Conclusions There is a large variation in the visual prognosis in Chinese patients with PCV. The polypoidal lesions can repeatedly grow and spontaneously regress in the natural course.

Objective To compare the postoperative effect of pars plana vitrectomy,phacoemulsification and intraoeular lens (IOL)implantation with silicon oil removed,phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.Design A retrospective case-control study.Par- ticipants 91 cases(104 eyes)of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with tractive retinal detachment or vitreous hemorrhage were per- formed cataract surgery with IOL implantation.Methods All patients were followed up average 6 months,in whom 52 eyes with pars plana vitrectomy,phacoemulsification and IOL implantation(combined group),and the other 52 eyes with silicon oil removed,pha- coemulsification and IOL implantation(sequential group).The differences of the postoperative visual acuity and inflammatory reactions of the anterior chamber between the two groups were analyzed.Main outcome measures Visual acuity and inflammatory reactions of the anterior chamber.Results There were 14/52 eyes with best corrected visual acuity more than 0.1 in combined group and 8/52 eyes in the sequential group after the surgeries(X~2=-6.87,P=0.07) .Corneal edema happened in 16/52 eyes in combined group and 6/52 eyes in sequential group 1 week after the surgeries(X~2=11.53,P=0.001).Keratic precipitate happened in 20/52 eyes in combined group and 9/52 eyes in sequential group after the surgeries(X~2=5.79,P=0.019) .Conclusions The incidence of postoperative anterior chamber in- flammation is higher in Phacoemulsification combined with pars plana vitrectomy group.