Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on the sleep architecture of rats.Methods Sixteen pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 10-12 weeks,weighing 300-350 g,were divided into 2 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and sevoflurane group (group S).Each rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording electromyogram and electroencephalogram via telemetry.The rats were exposed to 2.4％ sevoflurane and pure oxygen 1.5 L/min for 5.5 h followed by 0.5 h washout with pure oxygen in group S,and the rats were exposed to pure oxygen 1.5 L/min for 6 h in group C.Then the rats were taken into the sleep monitoring box,and the 24 h after anesthesia was divided into 4 time periods according to the circadian rhythm:L1 (14:00-20:00),D1 (20:00-02:00),D2 (02:00-08:00) and L2 (08:00-14:00).The total time spent on wakefulness,on non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and on REM sleep,the number of wakefulness,NREM sleep and REM sleep,and the time spent on wakefulness,on NREM sleep and on REM sleep during each time period were recorded using Version 3.0 Neurosore software.Results Compared with group C,the total time spent on wakefulness was significantly shortened,the total time spent on REM sleep was prolonged,the number of NREM sleep was increased,the time spent on REM sleep in L1 and D1 time periods was prolonged,the time spent on wakefulness in D2 time period was shortened,the time spent on NREM sleep was prolonged (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the total time spent on NREM sleep or the number of REM sleep and wakefulness in group S (P＞0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia can change the stability of sleep architecture,increase REM sleep and reduce wakefulness in rats.

After the definition and emergence of MOOC and its development at home and abroad were described, the position of library under MOOC environment was discussed with stress laid on how to deepen the service in medical library by making use of MOOC and the challenges medical library is faced.

Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; complications ; Silicosis ; complications

Objective To study the cell vitality and ultra-structure of in vitro cultured fetus chondrocytes exposed to different doses of fluoride.Methods Primary chondrocytes were obtained from articular cartilage of the 24-27 weeks,aborted and dead fetuses.The third generation of primary cultured chondmcytes were exposed to concentrations of 0,10-2,5 × 10-3,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7 and 10-8 mol/L fluoride for 24,48 and 72 h.Cell vitality was detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and ultra-structure of chondrocytes was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The cell vitalities of chondrocytes exposed to doses of fluoride (10-2,5 ×10-3,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7 and 10-8 moL/L) for 24,48 and 72 h were(15.04 ± 0.55)％,(62.53 ± 1.03)％,(100.34 ± 5.19)％,(111.40 ± 3.69)％,(121.47 + 6.09)％,(129.95 ± 4.96)％,(121.81 ± 4.97)％,(111.00 ± 1.63)％;(10.35 ± 0.64)％,(35.23 ± 2.41)％,(110.30 ± 2.07)％,(113.66 ± 6.98)％,(120.36 ± 6.23)％,(133.40 ± 5.80)％,(126.06 ± 5.40)％,(115.62 ± 7.33)％; (6.19 ± 0.16)％,(18.44 ± 0.21)％,(120.83 ± 4.93)％,(123.77 ± 4.82)％,(129.09 ± 5.21)％,(140.44 + 4.18)％,(131.99 ± 7.00)％,(124.10 ± 3.68)％,respectively.The cell vitalities of 10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L fluoride groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The cell vitality of 10-2 mol/L group was significantly lower than that of the 5 × 10-3 mol/L group (P ＜ 0.05).Doses of fluoride (10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L) could inhibit the cell vitality and promote the apoptosis of chondrocytes in vitro with increasing doses and prolonged time.The cell vitalities of 10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L of fluoride groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (except the 24 h 10-3 mol/L,P ＜ 0.05).Between 10-4 and 10-3 mol/L groups(the vitalities of 48 h and 72 h were higher,but not significantly); 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L groups (the vitality of 72 h was higher,but not significantly); 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L groups,the cell vitalities were significantly higher than that of the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Between 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L groups,10-8 and 10-7 mol/L groups (the vitality of 72 h was lower,but not significantly),the cell vitalities were significantly lower than that of the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Doses of fluoride(10-3-10-8 mol/L) could promote the cell vitality of chondrocytes in vitro with prolonged time.The optimal concentration for the promotion was 10-6 mol/L.The cells of the control group were characterized as regular morphology,the abnormal surface microvillis,abundant cytoplasm and mitochondrial,abundant and slightly expanded rough endoplasmic reticulums and low electron-dense materials.The cells of 10-6 mol/L fluoride group had the following changes,increased and swell mitochondrial,hypertrophy and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulums.The cells of 5 × 10-3 mol/L fluoride group had the following changes,decreased microvillis,invaginated cell membrane,pyknosis and apoptotic body.Conclusion Doses of fluoride (10-3-10-8 mol/L) can promote the proliferation of human chondrocytes cultured in vitro.Doses of fluoride (10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L) can promote the apoptosis of human chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of aripiprazole and haldol on intelligence and memory in the first-onset schizophrenia patients.MethodsResultsThe total score of PANSS significantly decreased after treatment with aripiprazole and haldol but no significant difference were found between two groups (P>0.05).The total score of WAIS-RC was no significant different between two groups (P>0.05). The total score of WMS was significantly higher in aripiprazole group than in haldol group(P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionAripiprazole is more effective on memory recovery in first-onset schizophrenia than haldol.

Objective To provide new experimental evidences associated with the mechanisms of inhaled anesthetics, the effects of sevoflurane on the electric activities of inhibitory interneurons in basal forebrain area (BF) were observed.Methods C57BL/6 mice, aged 2-3 weeks, were used and BF sections were cut for whole patch-clamp recording.Artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing sevoflurane was given and action potential, inhibitory postsynaptic potential were recorded.Results Sevoflurane could increase the frequency of firing rate of inhibitory interneurons in basal forebrain area (P<0.001), which could increase the frequency of action potential caused by depolarization current (P<0.05), and increase the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents of pyramidal neurons (P<0.05), while AP-depended miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents were not significantly changed.Conclusion The basal forebrain inhibitory interneurons are involved in the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules on treatment of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, and evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods Totally 130 cases of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis were randomly assigned to treatment group and control group, and treated with Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules and Sibelium capsules respectively. Integration method was used to compare the differences of main symptoms and signs, the overall efficacy and safety were evaluated, and relapse after six months was followed up. Results Both groups had a significant effect on the improvement of signs and symptoms in vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, the total efficiency was 94.03%(63/67) in treatment group and 82.54% (52/63) in control group. The treatment group had a better effect on the overall efficacy and relieving symptoms and signs compared with the control group (P<0.01). The mean blood flow velocity had a significant change after treatment (P<0.05), and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.01). Within six months, the treatment group had 4 cases (6.34%) with mild recurrence of symptoms and signs, and the control group had 18 cases (34.61%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), and no severe recurrence was found. The two groups showed no side effects. Conclusion Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules is safe and effective for treating vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, and the long-term efficacy and subjects’ compliance are better than oral Sibelium capsules.

This paper introduced the current situation of WeChat's official accounts of medical imaging.According to the operation agents,they can be divided into different categories,including professional societies,hospitals and departments,medical companies,academic journals,medical imaging websites and personal accounts.This paper also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of WeChat's official accounts of medical imaging.Some measures were proposed to improve their application value in continue medical education (CME),such as establishing a platform of WeChat's official account with high approval and authority to award CME credit,integrating various kinds of network resources,strengthening the abundance,systematicness,chronergy and practicality of the resources,setting up and improving the evaluation mechanism of CME credit award,so as to provide a CME platform for the staff of medical imaging.

The purpose of the experiment was to study the efficacy of edaravone in enhancing flap viability after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and its mechanism.Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (n=16),IR group (n=16),and edaravone-treated IR group (n=16).An island flap at left lower abdomen (6.0 cm×3.0 cm in size),fed by the superficial epigastric artery and vein,was created in each rat of all the three groups.The arterial blood flow of flaps in IR group and edaravone-treated IR group was blocked for 10 h,and then the blood perfusion was restored.From 15 min before reperfusion,rats in the edaravone-treated IR group were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone (10 mg/kg),once every 12 h,for 3 days.Rats in the IR group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with saline,with the same method and frequency as the rats in the edaravone-treated IR group.In IR group and edaravone-treated IR group,samples of flaps were harvested after reperfusion of the flaps for 24 h.In the control group,samples of flaps were harvested 34 h after creation of the flaps.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined,and changes in organizational structure and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining,apoptotic cells of vascular wall were marked by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay,and the apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall was calculated.The ultrastructural changes of vascular endothelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Seven days after the operation,we calculated the flap viability of each group,and marked vessels of flaps by immunohistochemical staining for calculating the average number of subcutaneous vessels.The results showed that the content of MDA,the number ofmulticore inflammatory cells and apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly lower than those in the IR group.The activity of SOD,flap viability and average number of subcutaneous vessels in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly higher than those in the IR group.All the differences were statistically significant.The ultrastructure injury of vascular endothelial cells in the edaravone-treated IR group was slighter than that in IR group.It was concluded that edaravone can significantly enhance IR flap viability and protect flap vessels,which is related to scavenging oxygen free radicals,reducing the consumption of SOD,reducing the extent of lipid peroxidation and inflammation,and protecting functional structure of vessels in the early stages of reperfusion.

Calcinosis ; complications ; Decalcification Technique ; Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; complications ; Meningioma ; complications ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Ultrasonics