Objective: To assess the trend of lifestyle changing instruction for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients at discharge in China from 2001-2011. Methods: Based on national representative data of China PEACE retrospective AMI study and the number of instructions AMI patients received at discharge, our research was classified into 3 groups: no instruction group, (1-2) instructions group and (3-5) instructions group. We described the instruction rates in different groups with 10-year trend and no instruction status in 5 regions of eastern urban, central/western urban, eastern rural, central rural, and western rural. In addition, we reported the instruction rates of diet consulting, exercise consulting, blood lipid evaluation, smoking cessation, and weight control with 10-year trend. Results: A total of 16100 medical records of AMI from 162 hospitals were enrolled. No instruction rates at discharge were 76.6%, 65.7% and 54.4% in 2001, 2006 and 2011, respectively, Ptrend<0.001. The proportion for receiving (1-2) instruction(s) at discharge increased from 23.2% in 2001 to 42.9% in 2011, Ptrend<0.001; the rate for receiving (3-5) instructions was 2.7% in 2011.No instruction rates in 5 regions were from 47.1% to 69.5%; no instruction rates in central and western rural regions had little changes during the 10-year period, Ptrend=0.11 and Ptrend=0.10, respectively; no instruction rates in the rest 3 regions showed decreasing trend, all Ptrend<0.001. Most of the single instruction rates for lifestyle changing increased from 2001 to 2011, diet consulting were 16.6%, 27.8%, and 38.3% respectively, Ptrend<0.001; exercise consulting were 9.2%, 10.9% and 14.3% respectively, Ptrend<0.001; from 2001 to 2011, blood lipids evaluation was increased from 0.9% to 11.9%; smoking cessation increased from 2.2% to 8.8%, both Ptrend<0.001; however the weight control rate was 1.3% in 2011, which was had little change within 10 years, Ptrend=0.32.

Objective To investigate the effects of regular and irregular mandatory treadmill running (TR) on learning and memory abilities,stress response,survival and maturation of newborn neurons in dentate area of C57 mice. Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into regular running group (n=16,definite time and quantity), irregular running group (n=16,definite time and different quantities) and sedentary group (n=16).Injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU,50 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to mice from the 1st d to the 7th d of exercise,and then,these mice were subjected to a 4-wk TR training course or sedentary exercise.Double irnmunofluorescence labeling was employed to observe the effect of TR on survival and maturation of newborn neurons. Mice were trained on the Morris water maze to test the abilities of learning and memory. Corticosterone (CORT).level in the venous blood was measured with a radioimmunoassay kit. Results As compared with that in mice of the irregular running group and sedentary group,significant decrease of latency was noted in mice of the regular running group on the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th d of place navigation test (P＜0.05). As compared with that in mice of the sedentary group, significant decrease of latency was noted in mice of the irregular running group and regular running group on the 2nd d of place navigation test (P＜0.05),while no significant difference of that was noted between mice of the irregular running group and regular running group (P＞0.05).The platform was removed for a 60-s probe test 4 h after the last trial to test the recall ability, and the times of staying in the target zone in each group were regular running group＞irregular running group＞control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). The numbers of double immunofluorescence labeled cells in the dentate gyrus were counted as regular running group＞irregular running group＞control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). The serum CORT level was measured as regular running group＜irregular running group＜control group, and significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Mandatory treadmill running could improve the learning and memory abilities,which may be related to the increment of survival and maturation of neural precursor cells,and decreased level of serum CORT; and the effect of regular mandatory treadmill running is better than that of irregular mandatory treadmill running.

BACKGROUNDDespite the rapid growth in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China, there is limited information about patients' experiences after AMI hospitalization, especially on long-term adverse events and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

METHODSThe China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE)-Prospective AMI Study will enroll 4000 consecutive AMI patients from 53 diverse hospitals across China and follow them longitudinally for 12 months to document their treatment, recovery, and outcomes. Details of patients' medical history, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes are abstracted from medical charts. Comprehensive baseline interviews are being conducted to characterize patient demographics, risk factors, presentation, and healthcare utilization. As part of these interviews, validated instruments are administered to measure PROs, including quality of life, symptoms, mood, cognition, and sexual activity. Follow-up interviews, measuring PROs, medication adherence, risk factor control, and collecting hospitalization events are conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Supporting documents for potential outcomes are collected for adjudication by clinicians at the National Coordinating Center. Blood and urine samples are also obtained at baseline, 1- and 12-month follow-up. In addition, we are conducting a survey of participating hospitals to characterize their organizational characteristics.

CONCLUSIONThe China PEACE-Prospective AMI study will be uniquely positioned to generate new information regarding patient's experiences and outcomes after AMI in China and serve as a foundation for quality improvement activities.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; Patient-Centered Care ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and free radicals cause oxidative stress, which induces cellular injuries, metabolic dysfunction, and even cell death in various clinical abnormalities. Fullerene (C60) is critical for scavenging oxygen free radicals originated from cell metabolism, and reduced glutathione (GSH) is another important endogenous antioxidant. In this study, a novel water-soluble reduced glutathione fullerene derivative (C60-GSH) was successfully synthesized, and its beneficial roles in protecting against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured HEK 293T cells were investigated. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance were used to confirm the chemical structure of C60-GSH. Our results demonstrated that C60-GSH prevented the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell damage. Additionally, C60-GSH pretreatment significantly attenuated H2O2-induced superoxide dismutase (SOD) consumption and malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation. Furthermore, C60-GSH inhibited intracellular calcium mobilization, and subsequent cell apoptosis via bcl-2/bax-caspase-3 signaling pathway induced by H2O2 stimulation in HEK 293T cells. Importantly, these protective effects of C60-GSH were superior to those of GSH. In conclusion, these results suggested that C60-GSH has potential to protect against H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by scavenging free radicals and maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis without evident toxicity.
Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Fullerenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glutathione ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Ion Transport ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism