Aim To investigate the role of P2X7 recep-tor and its mediated NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway in alcohol-induced liver injury. Methods The acute alcoholic liver injury model was established by NIAAA method, and thirty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups (n =10):control group, model group, A438079 group, The three groups were processed as follows in the last week:control group and model group: given an equal dose of saline intraperitoneal injection(about 0.2 mL/only) once a day. According to the weight of the mice, A438079 group was given intraperitoneally injection by 200 μmol·kg-1of A-438079 (prepared at 7 g·L-1 of A438079,about 0.2 mL/only) once a day. And it was given a single 31.5% alcohol solution by intragas-tric administration on the last day of the morning,with the dose of 10 mL·kg-1. Nine hours later alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),cholesterol(TCHO),triglyceride(TG) were measured by orbital blood in mice. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the liver. Immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the expression of P2X7R in liver tissues. Western blot was employed to detect the levels of P2X7R, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 in liver tissues. Results Compared with control group,the levels of ALT,AST, TG and TCHO in model group were significantly en-hanced, and the liver injury was obvious. Compared with model group, the levels of ALT, AST, TG and TCHO in A438079 group significantly decreased. Compared with control group, the expressions of P2X7, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18 in model group were significantly higher than those in control group. Compared with model group, the expression levels of P2X7, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 in A438079 group significantly decreased. Conclusion Alcohol-induced liver injury may be associated with P2X7R-NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Objective: To understand the present situation of physical activity and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for improving the level of physical activity and making the intervention measures. Methods: The method of random stratification was used to select 4 740 pre school children aged 3-6 from 17 kindergartens in 12 counties and districts of Nanchang City, The questionnaire of physical activities of young children and the questionnaire of parents of physical activities of young children were applied to conduct a survey. Results: Compared with weekday PA and MVPA, preschool children’s weekends decreased, SB increased. The differences in PA, MVPA and SB on weekdays and weekends were statistically significant( P <0.01). The proportion of PA and MVPA reaching the recommended amount during the working day of preschool children were 44.9%-59.2%, 45.4%- 61.7%.The proportion reaching the recommended amount of PA and MVPA on weekends were 24.7%-27.8%, 24.5%-29.9%, and the proportion reaching the recommended amount on weekdays was higher than that on weekends. Conclusion There is still gap between actual amount of physical activity and the recommended amount. There are different modes of activity on weekdays and weekends, and weekends are the least active periods. Parents and teachers should pay enough attention to the establishment of "social campus family" model to improve the lack of physical activity of preschool children.

Humans ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing/diagnosis* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Hormones ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Autoimmune Diseases

Objective: To evaluate the right ventricular function using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2-D STE) and analyze the associated risk factors of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with silicosis. Methods: All 104 patients with silicosis treated in the Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled in this study in October 2022. The clinical information of patients such as general data, arterial blood gas analysis and pulmonary function test were collected. The right ventricular function of patients was evaluated by 2-D STE-derived right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) and conventional echocardiographic-derived parameters, including right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and doppler tissue imaging-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (S'), respectively. Based on their RVFWLS, the patients were divided into right ventricular dysfunction group and normal right ventricular function group. Risk factors for right ventricular dysfunction in patients with silicosis were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 104 silicosis patients were enrolled, with aneverage age (65.52±11.18) years old, among whom including 57 cases diagnosed with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ silicosis and 47 cases diagnosed with stage Ⅲ silicosis. 26 (25.00%) patients concurrent right ventricular dysfunction. The abnormal rates of RVFAC, TAPSE and S' in patients were 16.35% (17 cases), 21.15% (22 cases) and 6.73% (7 cases), respectively. The RVFAC and TAPSE in right ventricular dysfunction group were lower than those in normal right ventricular function group, and the incidence of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure ≥36 mmHg was higher than that in normal right ventricular function group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that arterial partial pressure of oxygen (OR=0.932, 95%CI: 0.885-0.981, P=0.007) was the protective factor, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) /forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio<70% (OR=5.484, 95%CI: 1.049-28.662, P=0.044) and stage Ⅲ silicosis (OR=6.343, 95%CI: 1.698-23.697, P=0.007) were the risk factors for silicosis patients concurrent right ventricular dysfunction. Conclusion: The incidence of right ventricular dysfunction is higher in patients with stage Ⅲ silicosis than that in patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ silicosis. Using 2-D STE can help the early detection of silicosis with right ventricular dysfunction. Hypoxemia, airflow limitation and the stage Ⅲ silicosis are the risk factors for silicosis patients concurrent right ventricular dysfunction.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology* ; Ventricular Function, Right ; Echocardiography ; Risk Factors ; Silicosis/diagnostic imaging*

Hepatic fibrosis refers to the pathological process of abnormal proliferation of intrahepatic connective tissue caused by various pathogenic factors, resulting in the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver and the formation of fibrous scar. Its continuous deterioration will gradually develop into liver cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer and other serious liver diseases. Because liver fibrosis and early liver cirrhosis can be reversed, it is very important to control the reversible process of liver fibrosis for the prevention and treatment of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. In recent years, it has been found that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has the characteristics of multi-target, less toxic and side effects and good effect in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this paper, the mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis of TCM and its compound was summarized. TCM can regulate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and other growth factors to inhibit the activation of (HSCs) and induce the apoptosis of activated HSCs, promote the expression of adiponectin and inhibit the secretion of leptin, inhibit the inflammatory reaction of liver, resist oxidant stress, inhibit the capillarization of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, so as to effectively prevent the progress of liver fibrosis. Therefore, TCM can inhibit the development of liver fibrosis through multi-mechanism and multi-level, and is one of the important means to treat liver fibrosis.

Objective:To compare the effects between video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and conventional surgery in internal fixation of multiple rib fractures.Methods:Patients with multiple rib fractures, who were admitted to Emergency Center of Shenzhen People's Hospital from June 2010 to May 2020, were included. Patients were divided into the VATS group (incision positioning with VATS) and the conventional group (incisionpositioning with CT scan). The primary outcome measures was the risk of complications, and the secondary outcome measures included postoperative pain, incision length, operation time, and mechanical ventilation rate. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using LSD- t test and Chi-square test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess the trend of postoperative pain over time. A logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of VATS with postoperative complications. Results:A total of 221 patients, including 128 patients in the VATS group and 93 patitents in the conventional group, were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were identical between the two groups ( P>0.05). In the VATS group, the length of incision, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, mechanical ventilation rate after operation, ventilation time, thoracic tube indwelling time, ICU and total length of stay, and medical costs were better than those in the conventional group (all P<0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that pain relief was faster and more profoundly in the VATS group than in the conventional group ( F=3 517.808, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VATS was an independent protective factor for reducing postoperative complications ( OR=0.225, 95% CI:0.121-0.416, P<0.01). Conclusions:During internal fixation of multiple rib fractures, VATS is an effective approach to reduce postoperative pain and complications. Moreover, video-assisted technique is associated with a rapid recovery for patients, resulting in shorter length of hospital stay and less medical costs.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach (DAA) in lateral decubitus in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis caused by Kaschin-Beck disease and congenital acetabular dysplasia.Methods:The prospective study method was used to select the patients who needed hip arthroplasty in the Fourth Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019. All of them were operated with lateral decubitus DAA. According to the inclusion criteria, they were divided into Kacshin-Beck disease hip osteoarthritis group (group A) and congenital acetabular dysplasia hip osteoarthritis group (group B). Hip Harris score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score were conducted, and hip abduction angle and flexion angle were measured before surgery, 3, 14 days and 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery.Results:Nineteen and twenty-two patients were included in group A and group B, respectively. All patients successfully completed the surgery. There was no significant difference in Harris score between the two groups before surgery, 3, 14 days, and 1, 12 months after surgery ( P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in WOMAC score, VAS score, hip abduction angle and hip flexion angle between the two groups before surgery and each time point after surgery ( P > 0.05). In the same group, there were significant differences in Harris score, WOMAC score, VAS score, hip abduction angle and hip flexion angle at different time points ( P < 0.001). All postoperative indicators were significantly improved compared with those before surgery. Conclusions:There is no significant difference in the clinical effects of hip arthroplasty through lateral decubitus DAA in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis caused by Kaschin-Beck disease and congenital acetabular dysplasia. This surgical method has good therapeutic effect on both types of hip osteoarthritis.

In 2004, it was the first time that Wollensak and Spoerl had applied physical and chemical cross-linking methods to scleral tissue. They found that the biomechanical strength of cross-linked sclera, induced by riboflavin/ultraviolet A, glyceraldehyde and glutaraldehyde, could be improved and proposed that scleral collagen cross-linking is expected to be a new method for the treatment of pathologic myopia. In recent years, a series of explorations have been made on the effectiveness and adverse reactions of physical and chemical cross-linking in the prevention and treatment of pathologic myopia, including the establishment of various animal models and different myopia modeling methods, the improvement of cross-linking methods, the amelioration of the measurement of biomechanical strength of scleral tissue and the attention of biological parameters such as the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer and the amplitude of electroretinogram in vivo. Genipin-crosslinking of the scleral collagen combined with posterior scleral contraction/reinforcement has been applied to clinical research. This review summarizes physical cross-linking and the genipin-crosslinking of scleral collagen to explore the effectiveness and safety of the methods in the prevention and treatment of the pathologic myopia.

BACKGROUNDWith the progress of perinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term outcomes of ELBW infants during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay in the mainland of China.

METHODSAll infants admitted to 26 NICUs with a birth weight (BW) < l000 g were included between January l, 2011 and December 31, 2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a prospectively designed questionnaire. The data collected from each NICU transmitted to the main institution where the results were aggregated and analyzed. Categorical variables were performed with Pearson Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors.

RESULTSA total of 258 ELBW infants were admitted to 26 NICUs, of whom the mean gestational age (GA) was 28.1 ± 2.2 weeks, and the mean BW was 868 ± 97 g. The overall survival rate at discharge was 50.0%. Despite aggressive treatment 60 infants (23.3%) died and another 69 infants (26.7%) died after medical care withdrawal. Furthermore, the survival rate was significantly higher in coastal areas than inland areas (53.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.019). BW < 750 g and GA < 28 weeks were the largest risk factors, and being small for gestational age was a protective factor related to mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common complication. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity was 26.2%, 33.7%, 6.7%, 48.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most common hospital acquired infection during hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONSOur study was the first survey that revealed the present status of ELBW infants in the mainland of China. The mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants remained high as compared to other developed countries.

China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Morbidity ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To explore the technical aspects of the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw placement with O-arm guidance. METHODS: The clinical data of 21 patients who underwent cervical pedicle screw fixation by O-arm real-time guidance from December 2015 to January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 15 males and 6 females, aged from 29 to 76 years old with an average of (45.3±11.5) years. The postoperative CT scan was utilized to evaluate the placement of the pedicle screw and classified according to the Gertzbein and Robbins classification. RESULTS: A total of 132 pedicle screws were implanted in 21 patients, 116 at C₃-C₆ and 16 at C₁ and C₂. According to Gertzbein & Robbins classification, the overall breach rates were found to be 11.36% (15/132) with 73.33% (11 screws) Grade B, 26.67% (4 screws) Grade C, and no Grade D or E screw breaches. There were no pedicle screw placement related complications at final follow-up. CONCLUSION The application of O-arm real-time guidance technology can make cervical pedicle screw placement reliable. High accuracy and better intra-operative control can increase surgeon's confidence in using cervical pedicle instrumentation. Considering the high-risk nature of anatomical area around cervical pedicle and the possibility of catastrophic complications, the spine surgeon should have sufficient surgical skills, experience, ensures stringent verification of the system, and never relies solely on the navigation system.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Fusion