Objective Preparing platelet rich gel through two-times centrifugal technique and co-culturing chondrocytes with PRG, then observing the proliferation and gene expression of chondrocytes, in order to provide a favorable way to prepare tissue engineering cartilage. Methods Centrifugating venous blood of rabbit through two-times centrifugal technique to obtain platelet rich plasma( PRP) ,then detecting the concentration of various growth factor in PRP. Admixing PRP with chondrocytes of rabbit and activating them with activator. After co-culti-vation,the proliferation of chondrocytes through MTT method and expression of ACAN,CollagenⅡand SOX-9 through realtime-PCR were ob-served,and compared with common cultured chondrocytes. Results The concentrations of PDGF-AB,TGF-β1,IGF-1 and VEGF in PRG were significantly higher than those in blood(P<0. 05). After co-cultivation, the proliferation rate of chondrocytes and the expression of ACAN,Collagen Ⅱ and SOX-9 were significantly higher than that of common cultured chondrocytes(P<0. 05). Conclusion Co-culturing chondrocytes with PRG is able to promote the proliferation and gene expression of chondrocytes. We considered that it is a excellent method to construct tissue engineering cartilage.

AIM: To observe the therapy effect of standard prescription on ametrop amblyopia in hyperopic children.
METHODS: This study included 270 cases ( 54 eyes ) with complete data, and followed up 24mo. All the amblyopic children were given standard prescription and were divided into progressive addition glass group, under corrected group and full corrected group. And all were observed for their therapy effect and the average healing time in low hyperopic, moderate hyperopic and high hyperopic children with ametropic amblyopia respectively.
RESULTS: In low hyperopic children, the difference of the therapy effect of the three corrected methods were insignificant in two years. The meam cure time of the three corrected methods were ( 7. 33 ± 2. 11 ) mo in progressive addition glass group;(9. 0±3. 71)mo in under corrected grope;(12. 5±5. 17) mo in full corrected group. Three groups of independent samples by paired t-test showed: the difference between progressive addition glass group and under corrected grope (t=1. 66, P>0. 05) was statistically insignificant; the difference between progressive addition glass group and full corrected grope ( t = 3. 92, P < 0. 01 ) was statistically significant; the difference between under corrected grope and full corrected grope ( t = 2. 33, P < 0. 05 ) was statistically significant. In moderate hyperopic chileren, the differences of the therapy effect of the three corrected methods were significant in two years (χ2=6. 75;P<0. 05). The difference between progressive addition glass group and under corrected grope (χ2 = 6. 3; P < 0. 01 ) was statistically significant; the difference between progressive addition glass group and full corrected grope (χ2=8. 1;P<0. 005) was statistically significant. The mean cure time of the three corrected methods were ( 14. 0±4-87) mo in progressive addition glass group; ( 16. 93±4-58)mo in under corrected grope; (17. 93±4. 42) mo in full corrected group. Three groups of independent samples by paired t-test showed: the difference between progressive addition glass group and under corrected grope (t=2. 88, P<0. 01) was statistically significant; the difference between progressive addition glass group and full corrected grope ( t= 3. 9, P<0. 01 ) was statistically significant;the difference between under corrected grope and full corrected grope ( t = 1. 01, P > 0. 05 ) was statistically insignificant. In high hyperopic amblyopic children, the difference of the therapy effect and the healing time of the three corrected methods were insignificant in two years. (χ2=2. 43, P>0. 05. t=1. 49, P>0. 05;t=1. 46,P>0. 05;t=1. 11, P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION:Under standard prescription, application of progressive multifocal glasses provides a new effective treatment for ametropic amblyopia in hyperopic children, and makes up the deficiency of the whole straightening and under correction in clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)in the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.Methods We retrospectively re- viewed the clinical outcomes and complications of 33 patients who underwent MPCNL for lower caliceal cal- culi from March 2001 to April 2005.The average diameter of the calculi was 2.8 cm.Single tract nephrosto- my was performed in all 33 cases;among them renal access was obtained through a middle calyx in 10 cases and a lower calyx in 23.Nine cases had F14 renal access;and 24 cases,F16.Results Of 33 cases,28 (85%)achieved stone-free at 1 session.A second-look was needed in 3 cases due to intraoperative bleed- ing;ESWL,in 1 case with residual,calculi;no treatment,in 1 case with residual calculi＜4 ram.The mean operative time was 93 min;mean blood loss was 113 ml;mean hospital stay was 11 d.Blood transfusion was needed in 1 patient who suffered from hepatic cirrhosis preoperatively;another experienced severe bleeding 7 d after operation and was cured with hyperselective spongia gelatinosa embolization of the renal artery.Fol- low-up was available in 19 cases for 2-48 months,and no recurrence of renal calculi was noted.Conclu- sions Minimally invasive percutaneous nepbrolithotomy has advantages of safety,less invasion,and easy re- covery for the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history

Spleen kidney Yang deficiency (SKYD) diarrhea is a common syndrome in tranditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Until now, there is not an ideal SKYD diarrhea rat model for the research. In this study, we compared single factor way (method I, injecting hydrocortisone and gavaging Sennae Folium) with compound factors way(method II, gavaging adenine, improper diet, exhaustion, and gavaging Sennae Folium) on establishing SKYD diarrhea rat model. After modelling, diarrhea index, D-xylose excretory rate, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index and histopathology examination were used to evaluate the two ways. The results showed that, compared with health group, all the assessment criterias of method I and method II had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05). In addition, the index such as diarrhea index, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index (kidney, testis and thymus) and histopathology examination had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05) between method I and method II. In conclusion, the compound factors modelling method better conforms to the symptom of diarrhoea model caused by SKYD. This new modelling method provides a basis for studying on TCM astringents warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney, relieving diarrhea.
Animals ; Diarrhea ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Xylose ; metabolism ; Yang Deficiency ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the anti-inflammatory effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 macrophages.

METHODThe effect of total saponins of P. japonicus of different concentrations on RAW264. 7 cell viability was determined with the MTT method. The NO kit assay was adopted to detect the NO release of total saponins of P. japonicus to LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta). The reverse transeriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ,TNF-alpha,IL-1beta. The protein expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB p65 (NF-kappaB p65) was tested by Western blot.

RESULTThe safe medication range of total saponins of P. japonicus was less than 80 mg x L(-1). Compared with the LPS model group, total saponins of P. japonicus high, middle and low dose groups (0.1, 1, 10, 40 mg x L(-1)) could significantly reduce the secretion of NO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta of LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells, and inhibit the expressions of iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA and the protein expression of NF-kappaB p65.

CONCLUSIONThis study preliminarily proves the protective effect of total saponins of P. japonicus on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Its action mechanism may be related to NF-kappaB signal pathway.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; immunology ; Nitric Oxide ; immunology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; immunology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Calcinosis ; complications ; Decalcification Technique ; Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; complications ; Meningioma ; complications ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Ultrasonics

Objective:To determine the effects of Jinlong capsule combined with interventional therapy on the immune functions of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Methods:Sixty randomly selected cases of clinically diagnosed primary hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into the observation group and the control group. Three days after operation, the observation group was given four Jinlong capsules three times a day for 30 days (one treatment). Meanwhile, the control group received interventional therapy after the operation. One to four days following one treatment, peripheral blood specimens were collected from the two groups to determine the cellular immune function indices. Results:The cell numbers (mean) of the peripheral blood components CD3, CD4, NK, SIL-2R, TSGF, and SIL-2R and the CD4/CD8 ratio in the observation group showed no significant difference before and after treatment. In the control group, these indices were significantly different before and after treatment. Conclusion:The Jinlong capsule facilitates the cellu-lar immunity recovery of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma after interventional therapy.

AlM: To examine the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) changes in early primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG ) by comparing the superior half of the optic disc with the inferior disc half.METHODS: lt was a clinical observational study. The study included 30 patients ( 39 eyes ) with POAG and 20 normal subjects ( 40 eyes ) . Visual field was tested by Zeiss Humphrey750 and the optic disc topographic parameters and RNFL thickness were measured by Zeiss Cirru HD-OCT. Collecting information included visual field mean defect ( MD ) , glaucoma hemifield test ( GHT ) , intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , C/D ratio and RNFL thickness. Data were analyzed by statistic software SPSS18. 0. The differences between two groups were assessed using t test.RESULTS: The differences of superior RNFL minus inferior RNFL thichness on the corresponding clock-hour locations were caculated in two groups. There was a significant difference in superonasal- inferonasal RNFL thickness between two groups (t=2. 526, P=0. 014), and there were no significant differences in the others ( all P>0. 05).CONCLUSlON: The asymmetry of optic disc hemifield RNFL is found in early primary open angle glaucoma patients. The superonasal RNFL ( 1 o’clock for right eye, and 11 o’clock for left eye ) is more fragile to loss than inferonasal RNFL (5 o’clock for right eye, and 7 o’clock for left eye) .

Objective To explore effects of two intravenous infusion methods on elderly patients.Methods Self-control method was used on 568 cases of elderly patients.Traditional method was used on Day 1:The adjustable clamp was fully opened when a free flow of blood appeared during venipuncture.The experimental method was used on Day 2:The adjustable clamp was opened 1/3 when a free flow of blood appeared during venipuncture.Success rate of venipuncture and value of pain were compared between the two groups.Results The experimental method had a higher success rate of venipuncture than the tranditional method (97.89％ vs 93.31％,x2 =13.098,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in the mean value of pain during a successful venipuncture ( P ＞ 0.05 ).During an unsuccessful venipuncture,mean value of pain in the experimental group was lower than that in the traditional method group,and the difference was statistically significant [ ( 1.97 ±0.52) vs (2.35 ± 0.66 ),t =4.987,P ＜ 0.01 ].Conclusions Opening the adjustable clamp for 1/3 when a free flow of blood appeared during venipuncture on elderly patients could improve the success rate of venipuncture and decrease pain during an unsuccessful venipuncture.