Background and purpose:Neuroendocrine neoplasm is one kind of infrequent neoplasms from neuroendocrine cell and peptidergic neurons. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) in Dalian. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all neuroendocrine neoplasms patients in First Afifliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 2000 to 2013. The epidemiology characteristics, pathogenic sites and pathological types were reviewed, and the differences between gender and age were also analyzed. The statistics analysis such as independent-samples t test and one-way ANOVA and chi-square test were performed. Results:There were 279 NEN cases, including 166 male and 113 female patients (male:female=1.14:1), detection rate was 0.258%. The mean age of all cases was 59.4±17.1 (20-83), for male 58.9±19.4 (20-81) and female 61.7±15.0 (29-83). There was no statistical signiifcance of detection rate and mean age between male and female patients. Digestive system was the most common occurred site of NEN (71.68%), then was the respiratory system (20.79%). There was no statistical significance of pathogenic sites between male and female.In all case, 132 with neuroendocrine tumor (47.31%), 140 with neuroendocrine cancer (50.18%), 7 with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (2.51%). There was no statistical signiifcance of pathological types between male and female (P>0.05).Conclusion:Recently, the detection rate of neuroendocrine neoplasms was raised in Dalian, but there was no signiifcance differences in detection rate,pathogenic sites and pathological types between male and female.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass(CRB) in children with non cyanotic congenital heart disease. Methods A total of 150 children who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass operation from 2012 May to 2014 May were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups:AKI group (n=29) and non AKI group (n=121). Clinical data were collected and compared between two groups, including gender, age and baseline serum creatinine level. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for AKI after operation. Results There was no death in the 150 cases. Comparison between groups, there were significant differences in age, history of heart failure and (or)pneumonia, baseline serum creatinine level, baseline uric acid, body mass, CPB) time, aortic clamping time, mechanical ventilation time, postoperative transfusion and hypotension. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (≤1 years old), the history of pneumonia and (or) heart failure, CPB time (＞40 min), aortic clamping time (＞30 min) were the independent risk factors for AKI after operation. Conclusion It is important to choose the best age for surgery in children, actively prevent preoperative complications and shorten the CPB and aorta blocking time for preventing the occurrence of AKI.

BACKGROUND:Airway epithelial regeneration can effectively inhibit submucosal hyperblastosis and the occurrence of obliteration. Studies demonstrated that ventilation could accelerate the regeneration of airway epithelium. OBJECTIVE:To establish and improve an orthotopic tracheal transplantation model and to further observe the effects of ventilation on trachea in alogeneic mice. METHODS:C57BL/6 mouse's tracheal served as donor, and BALB/c mouse's tracheal as recipient. This experiment contained two groups. In the experimental group, the membranous part of trachea was longitudinaly dissected in two donors and sutured into an enlarged trachea, which was implanted in the recipient. In the control group, donor's trachea was implanted into the recipient in situ. Samples were obtained and detected at 28 days after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results demonstrated that compared with the control group, wel-differentiated ciliated epithelium was visible in the epithelial lamina of tracheal lumen, accompanying a few non-ciliated single or stratified squamous epithelium, mild submucosal fibrosis and inflammatory cel infiltration. Morphological analysis revealed that ciliated epithelial proportion in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of lamina propria to the tracheal cartilage, submucous fibrous tissuearea and the degree of lymphocyte infiltration were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the transplanted tracheal epithelium in both groups was recipient epithelial phenotype. Results verified that a modified orthotopic tracheal transplantation model was successfuly established. The increased ventilation of the tracheal alografts can accelerate the differentiation of tracheal epithelium. The wel-differentiated airway epithelium inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast.

Objective To study the serum level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and assess the value of BNP. Methods The serum levels of BNP and ANP were determined by enzyme- linked immnoabsorbent assay.Cardial mdex(CI)and left ventricular election fraction(LVEF)in heart failure stage and period recouery of children with heart failare were determined by Doppler ultrasonography cardiogram. Results The BNP serum levels began to increase before heart failure (P

ObjectiveTo analyze clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of male breast cancer (MBC) and the matched female breast cancer (FBC). To compare the survival difference between the 2 groups.To study the factors influencing the prognosis of MBC.Methods63 MBC patients treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from Jan.1995 to Dec.2008 were enrolled in this study.Each MBC patient in the database was matched with 2 FBC patients.The matching criteria were with similar age, diagnosis time, and TNM stage.Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were employed to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics of MBC and FBC.Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test, and Cox hazard regression model were employed respectively to make survival analysis, surival rate comparison and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 53.9％ for men and 65.1％ for women (P =0.047).The 10-year overall survival (OS) rate was 61.9％ for men and 77％ for women (P =0.032).Univariate analysis showed TNM stage, surgical method and recurrence were factors influencing the prognosis of MBC patients. Multivariate analysis showed TNM stage was an independent factor influencing the prognosis of MBC patients.ConclusionsFBC patients had a better 10-year OS rate and DFS rate than MBC patients.TNM stage is an independent factor influencing the prognosis of MBC patients.

Objective To evaluate the impact of age on the bladder-urethral function and the outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the elderly men with benign prostatic hyperpiasia (BPH). Methods The elderly men with BPH undergoing TURP were divided into young elderly group [n=158, mean age of 68 + 4 years] and elderly group [n=47, mean age of 80± 3 years]. All patients were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Quality of life (QOL). transrectal ultrasound and urodynamic examination one week before TURP, and they were followed by IPSS, QOL. free uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) measurement at 3 months after TURP. Results The incidence rates of detrusor overactivity, low compliance bladder, detrusor underactivity and benign prostatic obstruction in elderly group were 70%, 34%, 19% and 77% respectively, and they were significantly higher than in young elderly group (42%, 18%, 6.3% and 58%,x2 =10.623, 4.328, 5.637,4.771,P<0.05). However, the mean max detrusor voided pressure [62±29) cm H2O] was significantly lower in elderly group than in young elderly group [(76±22) cm H2O,t =3.265, P<0.05]. Moreover, the mean prostatic length, static functional length and bladder neck pressure were (52±8) mm, (63±11) mm and (36 15) cm H2O respectively, they were significantly higher in elderly group than in young elderly group [(47±7)mm, (59±6) mm and (25±13) cm H2O, t=4.157, 3.388 and 4.912,P<0.05]. The IPSS, QOL and PVR were significantly lower after TURP than beforeTURP, and the max flow rate (MFR) was significantly higher after TURP than before TURP in both groups (tyoung elderly group= 19.744, 64.671, 23.342 and 27.504;t elderly group= 27.308, 19.311,9.694 and 11.671, P<0.05). However, the MFR was significantly lower in elderly group than in young elderly group, and PVR and QOL were significantly higher in elderly group than in young elderly group after TURP (t=3.493, 15.245 and 10.750, P<0.05). Conclusions The risk of bladder-urethral dysfunction is increased and the therapeutic effects of TURP is decreased with ageing in the elderly men with BPH. It would be beneficial to have an urodynamic study for their treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effects of the Paecilomyces Lilacinuson extracellular polysaccharides on the phenotypic and maturation of murine dendritic cells. Methods: Imature DCs were induced in vitro from the murine bone marrow cells in the presence of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4, and then they were cultured with different dosage of the extracellular polysaccharides. The morphological characterization was analyzed under microscopy. The expressions of the DCs surface costimulating factors and phagocytic function to FITC-dextran were detected by flow cytometry. The level of IL-12 secreted by DCs was observed by ELISA. At the same time the influence of DCs on the proliferation of T cells was determined by MTT. Results:Treating with the polysaccharides for 48 h could up-regulate the expression of DCs surface molecules,such as CD11c,MHCⅡ,CD80 and CD86,and the 400 μg/ml was the optimal dose,comparing with the blank control group, the difference was significant (P<0. 01), contrast to LPS control group that was not different ( P<0. 05 ) . The uptaking FITC-dextran ability of the DCs treated with 300 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml polysaccharides was significant lower than the unstimulated DCs(P<0. 05). At the same time the extract at different concentration could distinctly enhance the proliferation of T cells by DCs too. Conclusion:The extracellular polysaccharides could stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells and induce the production of mature dendritic cells.

BACKGROUND:Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine minimaly invasive treatment for halux valgus based on wrapped curtain method with “8”-shaped bandage and sub toe pad external fixation has been used for a long time in the clinic. This method abandons the internal implant fixationandexternal plaster fixation. After surgery, patients could take care of themselves. However, theactivity of the broken end may cause fracture nonunion, which once aroused scholars’ question. Recently, with the continuous improvement of foot biomechanics research, foot finite element model and applications become a reality.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate thestability of osteotomy after the operation of wrapped curtain method with“8”-shaped bandage and sub toe pad external fixation on the basis of static finite element method.
METHODS:A young female volunteer with halux valgus was selected, whose body weight was 58 kg, and right foot halux abductor valgus angle was 24°; intermetatarsal angle was 13°; proximal articulator set angle was 7°; distal articulator set angle was 7°. CT was used to scan the right foot. ABAQUS software was applied to establish a finite element model of right foot halux valgus bone, and model of the first metatarsal neck minimaly invasive osteotomy was simulated based on wrapped curtain method with external fixation. Von Mises stress and displacement at the osteotomy endwere calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The maximum stress was 0.067 MPa without external fixation, and the maximum stress was 1.258 MPa with the external fixation. Stress was mainly distributed in the outer edge of the osteotomy. (2) The maximum absolute displacement was 0.363 mm without external fixation, and the maximum absolute displacement was 0.716 mm with external fixation. The two largest displacements were both in the Z-axis direction. Statistical analysis confirmed that the four nodes absolute displacement and stress were significantly different (P< 0.01). (3) The maximum relative displacement was 0.101 mm. The maximum relative displacement was 0.046 mm with external fixation. The maximum relative displacement without external fixation was-0.102 mm and occurred in the Z-axis. The maximum relative displacement with external fixation was 0.110 mm and occurred in the Y-axis. (4) One-way analysis of variance confirmed that the four nodes relative displacements were not statisticaly significant in X-axisand Y-axis (P> 0.05). The four nodes relative displacements were statisticaly significant in Z-axis (P< 0.05). (5) These findings suggest that the external fixation based on wrapped curtain method after halux valgus surgery could effectively reduce osteotomy displacement. The moderate stress and elastic fixation are conducive to fracture healing.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the anti-tumor effect of Xihuang pill on tumor-bearing rats and its effect on the immune clearance function of tumor-bearing organisms.

METHODWalker256 tumor cells were adopted to establish the tumor-bearing rat model. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: the normal control group, the model control group, the lentinan group and Xihuang pill low dose, middle dose and high dose groups, with 10 rats in each group, and continuously treated and given drugs for 14 d after modeling. Blood and tumors were collected from abdominal aorta to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The content of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and adhesion molecule B7-1 (CD80) in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in were determined by ELISA.

RESULTThe tumor inhibition rate of the Xihuang pill high dose group was 33. 1 percent. Compared with the model group, the Xihuang pill large dose group showed significantly low IL-2, IFN-gamma, CD3+, CD4+, B7-1 in peripheral blood, with statistical significance in their differences (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONXihuang pill could show its anti-tumor effect by enhancing the immune clearance function and increasing IL-2, IFN-gamma, CD3+ T, CD4+ T, B7-1 in peripheral blood.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; B7-1 Antigen ; genetics ; immunology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Immunologic Factors ; administration & dosage ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the Pim-1 gene in the LNCaP cells of the animal model of orthotopically implanted prostate cancer by surgical castration simulating androgen-deprivation therapy.

METHODSWe equally allocated 32 male BALBc-nu mice into 4 groups, androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC), androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) , castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and blank control, and established the models of orthotopically implanted tumor using human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. We detected and ,compared the expressions of Pim-1, PSA, and androgen receptor (AR) in the tumor tissues of different groups by RT-PCR. qRT-PCR, ELSIA and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe relative gray scales in the ADPC and CRPC groups were 0.59 ± 0.01 and 1.14 ± 0.02, with statistically significant differences from 0.62 ± 0.03 in the ADT group (P < 0.05), and the Δ Ct values of Pim-1 were 6.15 ± 0.34 and 4.56 ± 0.23 in the former two groups, also with significant differences from 5.11 ± 0.21 in the latter (P < 0.05). The results of 2-ΔΔ Ct relative quantification analysis showed that the amplification products of Pim-1 in the ADT and CRPC groups increased 2.05 and 3.01 times respectively that of the ADPC group. The concentration of PSA was significantly higher in the ADPC ([480 ± 25] pg/ml) and CRPC ([870 ± 23] pg/ml) than in the ADT ([170 ± 32] pg/ml) and blank control groups (0 µg/L) (P < 0.01). The mean optical densities of Pim-1 and AR proteins were 0.017 ± 0.002 and 0.032 ± 0.009 in the ADPC group and 0.024 ± 0.002 and 0.040 ± 0.011 in the CRPC group, both with significant differences from those in the ADT group (0.018 ± 0.001 and 0.019 ± 0.006) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPim-1 is highly expressed in nude mice with prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy and plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.

Androgen Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Disease Progression ; Gene Expression ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ; metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism