AIM: To analyze the electronic product use time, writing time, playing piano time and outdoor activity time and the distribution of myopia in 586 cases of school age children in our hospital. ·METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 586 cases of children aged 6 to 12 years old in the outpatient department was established. Personalized files were used to record the uncorrected visual acuity, optometry, slit lamp, fundus mirror and strabismus. The cumulative use time of electronic products ( including computer, mobile phone, iPad) , writing time, whether to play the piano and outdoor activities time with the eye situation were recorded. Statistical analysis of the age group of myopia, the cumulative use of electronic age in different age groups, writing time, whether playing piano and outdoor activities and the distribution of myopia occurred. · RESULTS: ( 1 ) With the increasing of age, the distribution of uncorrected eyesight was in children mostly mild myopia, and the proportion of mild myopia was significantly higher than that of moderate and high myopia. ( 2 ) Electronic products use time distribution:the proportion of playing electronic products ( including mobilephone, computers, iPad) accounted for 76. 8%, of which 9 years old, 10 years old the cumulative use of electronic products with a long time was higher than other age groups. ( 3 ) Distribution of writing time: the proportion of write homework ≤1h was significantly lower than the proportion of writing homework > 1h (37. 2% vs 62. 8%), of which 9 and 10 years old children cumulative write time was higher than other age group. ( 4 ) Distribution of playing the piano: the proportion of playing piano time less than 1h was significantly higher than the proportion of playing piano time more than 1h ( 89. 1% vs 10. 9%). ( 5 ) Distribution of outdoor activities: the proportion of outdoor activities ≤1h in children at school age was significantly higher than that of outdoor activities > 1h (91. 8% vs 8. 9%). ·CONCLUSION: With the age exposure to electronic products becoming younger, heavy learning tasks and less outdoor activities, myopia occurred in advance of age. So health examination and eye guidance, reducing the amount of work appropriately, increasing outdoor activities will slow the development of early childhood myopia.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the outcomes of selective anterior thoracolumbar or lumbar (TL/L) fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with PUMCIId1 curves (Lenke type 5).

METHODSThirty-five consecutive AIS patients (PUMC type IId1, Lenke type 5) with selective anterior TL/L fusion with single solid rod instrumentation were reviewed. The average follow-up was 36 months (range, 18 - 42 months). Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were measured and analyzed.

RESULTSThe average preoperative Cobb angle of the TL/L curves was 45.6 degrees and corrected to 9.7 degrees postoperatively, with 79.7% curve correction. The thoracic curves decreased from 29.7 degrees preoperatively to 17.6 degrees postoperatively, with a spontaneous correction of 41.5%. There was an average 4.7 degrees and 2.5 degrees correction loss of the TL/L and the thoracic curves at the final follow-up respectively. Trunk shift deteriorated slightly from 14.0 mm preoperatively to 14.8 mm postoperatively, and improved significantly to 5.1 mm at the final follow-up. The lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) tilt was significantly improved after surgery (from -21.8 degrees preoperatively to -1.5 degrees postoperatively) and well maintained at the final follow-up (-2.1 degrees). The coronal disc angle immediately above the upper instrumented vertebra (UIVDA) and below the LIV (LIVDA) averaged 0.5 degrees and 0.6 degrees respectively, and aggravated after surgery (0.9 degrees and 4.9 degrees, respectively). Both the UIVDA and LIVDA were significantly aggravated at the final follow-up (3.0 degrees and 7.8 degrees, respectively). The sagittal contours of T(5-12) and T(10)-L(2) were well maintained after surgery and at the final follow-up. The lumbar lordosis of L(1)-S(1) and the sagittal Cobb angle of the instrumented segments were reduced postoperatively and at the final follow-up. No pseudarthrosis or other complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONSelective anterior TL/L fusion with single solid rod instrumentation is effective and safe for AIS with PUMCIId1 (Lenke type 5) curves, above and below the fusion and larger residual thoracic curve in some cases need further evaluated.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDSelective anterior thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) fusion and instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with a structural major TL/L curve and a nonstructural minor thoracic curve is rarely reported. We investigate the correction results of these patients.

METHODSBy reviewing the medical records and roentgenograms of AIS patients undergone selective anterior TL/L fusion and instrumentation, Cobb angle, correction rate of the major and minor curves, coronal balance, lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) tilt, coronal disc angle immediately below the LIV (LIVDA) and radiographic shoulder height (RSH) were measured and analyzed.

RESULTSForty patients were included. For the major TL/L curve, the mean coronal Cobb angle before and after operation were 43.9° and 8.7°, respectively, with an average correction rate of 80.2% (P = 0.000). While for the minor thoracic curve, the mean coronal Cobb angle before and after operation were 27.2° and 14.3°, respectively, with an average spontaneous correction rate of 47.4% (P = 0.000). At final follow-up, the coronal Cobb angles of the major and minor curves were 13.7° and 17.1°, respectively, with a mean correction loss of 5.0° and 2.9°, respectively. The coronal balance before and after operations was 13.2 mm and 11.5 mm, respectively. At the final follow-up, it turned to 5.6 mm, which was much better than that after operation (P = 0.001). The mean LIV tilt was 23.5° before operation, and was significantly improved after operation (8.3°, P = 0.000). At final follow-up, it was well maintained (10.6°). The LIVDA averaged 3.5° before operation, and aggravated to 5.5° after operation (P = 0.100) and 7.4° at final follow-up (P = 0.012), respectively. The RSH was 7.3 mm before operation, 5.6 mm after operation, and 2.2 mm at the final follow-up. The RSH at the final follow-up was significantly improved compared with that after operation (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONSSelective anterior TL/L fusion and instrumentation can get good correction results of both curves, with good results of the coronal balance and RSH in AIS patients, while a larger LIVDA.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of wheat grain moxibustion and warming acupuncture on chronic superficial gastritis of spleen-stomach deficiency and cold. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with chronic superficial gastritis of spleen-stomach deficiency and cold were randomly divided into a wheat grain moxibustion group (100 cases, 13 cases dropped off ) and a warming acupuncture group (100 cases, 16 cases dropped off ). The acupoints of Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6), Liangqiu (ST 34) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected in both groups. The patients in the wheat grain moxibustion group were treated with wheat grain moxibustion, and 5 cone were given on every acupoint each time. Moxibustion was performed after acupuncture in the warming acupuncture group, and 3 cone each acupoint. Both groups were treated every other day for 15 times. The scores of clinical symptoms and signs, scores of physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of quality of life in the two groups were recorded before and after treatment and during follow-up 1 month after treatment, and the clinical effects of the two groups were evaluated after treatment and during follow-up. RESULTS: After treatment and during follow-up, the scores of clinical symptoms and signs of the two groups were lower than before treatment ( CONCLUSION The wheat grain moxibustion can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, signs and quality of life in patients with chronic superficial gastritis of spleen-stomach deficiency and cold, and its long-term effect is better than warming acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Quality of Life ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Triticum

Objective: To analyze the literature of related research reports on occupational hearing loss (ONIHL) , study the characteristics of the subject and determine the research hotspots. Methods: In December 2020, PubMed database was searched by bibliometrics for ONIHL published in PubMed database from January 1971 to December 2020. Bicomb 2.03 software was used to extract the subject. The publication year, publication country, source magazine and subject words were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 1 473 papers were included in this study, and the number of papers was 66 from 1971 to 1980, and 628 from 2011 to 2020, an increase of nearly 10 times. The top three countries were the United States, China and Germany, with 31.5% (464/1473) , 11.5% (171/1473) and 6.2% (91/1473) ; The cross-sectional study was the most applied type; The top five words for 2011-2020: Mental Illness, polymorphism, cardiovascular disease, high frequency hearing impairment and standards and regulations. Conclusion: Susceptibility Genes, Psychological Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Assessment are hot areas in ONIHL at present. Researchers should focus on major fields and grasp future trends as a whole.
Bibliometrics ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; Humans ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases ; PubMed ; United States

The breakthrough progress of implantable brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) technology in the field of clinical trials has attracted widespread attention from both academia and industry. The development and advancement of this technology have provided new solutions for the rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. However, challenges from many aspects make it difficult for iBCIs to further implement and transform technologies. This paper illustrates the key challenges restricting the large-scale development of iBCIs from the perspective of system implementation, then discusses the latest clinical application progress in depth, aiming to provide new ideas for researchers. For the system implementation part, we have elaborated the front-end signal collector, signal processing and decoder, then the effector. The most important part of the front-end module is the neural electrode, which can be divided into two types: piercing and attached. These two types of electrodes are newly classified and described. In the signal processing and decoder section, we have discussed the experimental paradigm together with signal processing and decoder for the first time and believed that the experimental paradigm acts as a learning benchmark for decoders that play a pivotal role in iBCIs systems. In addition, the characteristics and roles of the effectors commonly used in iBCIs systems, including cursors and robotic arms, are analyzed in detail. In the clinical progress section, we have divided the latest clinical progress into two categories: functional rehabilitation and functional replacement from the perspective of the application scenarios of iBCIs. Functional rehabilitation and functional replacement are two different types of application, though the boundary between the two is not absolute. To this end, we have first introduced the corresponding clinical trial progress from the three levels: application field, research team, and clinical timeline, and then conducted an in-depth discussion and analysis of their functional boundaries, in order to provide guidance for future research. Finally, this paper mentions that the key technical challenges in the development of iBCIs technology come from multiple aspects. First of all, from the signal acquisition level, high-throughput and highly bio-compatible neural interface designing is essential to ensure long-term stable signal acquisition. The electrode surface modification method and electrode packaging were discussed. Secondly, in terms of decoding performance, real-time, accurate, and robust algorithms have a decisive impact on improving the reliability of iBCIs systems. The third key technology is from the perspective of practicality, we believe that the signal transmission mode of wireless communication is the trend of the future, but it still needs to overcome challenges such as data transmission rate and battery life. Finally, we believe that issues such as ethics, privacy, and security need to be addressed through legal, policy, and technological innovation. In summary, the development of iBCIs technology requires not only the unremitting efforts of scientific researchers, but also the participation and support of policymakers, medical professionals, technology developers, and all sectors of society. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation, iBCIs technology will achieve wider clinical applications in the future and make important contributions to improving the quality of life of patients.

Objective: To explore the value of chest CT features and clinical indexes in the differential diagnosis between suspected COVID-19 with two or more negative nucleic acid tests and confirmed COVID-19. Methods: The clinical data and chest CT images of 105 cases withconfirmedCOVID-19 (55 males and 50 females, aged from 2 month to 88 years) and 97 cases with suspected COVID-19(59 males and 38 females, aged from 1 month to 93 years) were analyzed retrospectively in Shiyan Taihe Hospital from January 21 to February 10, 2020. χ²test and two independent sample t test were used to analyze the clinical data and CT signs of the two cases, with P<0.05 for the difference statistically significant. Results: Compared with the suspected patients, the average age of diagnosis of covid-19 was higher (t = 2.460, P = 0.01). The main pathological changes were pure ground glass (68 cases) and mixed ground glass density (53 cases) (χ² = 50.016, P< 0.01). Interstitial thickening (83 cases) (χ² = 55.395, P< 0.01), vascular thickening (73 cases) (χ² = 57.527, P< 0.01), air bronchoscopic sign or bronchiectasis Zhang (67 cases) (χ² = 17.899, P< 0.01), cord focus (54 cases) (χ² = 5.500, P = 0.02), easily distributed under the pleura and the long axis of the lesion was parallel to the pleura (89 cases) (χ² = 23.597, P< 0.01), most of them had no pleural effusion (χ² = 7.017, P< 0.01); both lesions were mainly distributed in patches (89 cases were confirmed, 87 suspected) (χ² = 19.573, P< 0.01). In addition, the lesions of patients with confirmed covid-19 showed progress in short term (72 / 87, 82.76%), and those with suspected covid-19 showed remission in short term (63 / 89, 70.78%). The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 51.114, P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in gender and distribution of pulmonary lobes (χ² = 1.462, P= 0.23; χ² = 7.381, P= 0.19). The number of white blood cells (χ² = 17.891, P< 0.01) and the percentage of lymphocytes (χ² = 11.151,P< 0.01) of covid-19 were mostly normal or decreased, creatine kinase (χ² = 9.589, P< 0.01) were mostly normal, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was mostly normal or increased (χ² = 4.240, P= 0.04). Conclusions The imaging features and biochemical indexes of diagnosed COVID-19 are different from those of suspected COVID-19. The comparative analysis of imaging features, clinical indexes and reexamination are helpful for the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and suspected COVID-19.