Objective To investigate and dispose an outbreak of seasonal influenza in hospital,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of influenza outbreak in hospital.Methods Eight cases of influenza-like in-fection occurred in the department of neurosurgery at a hospital between July 29 and August 7,2014,epidemiologi-cal investigation was conducted,throat swabs of infected persons were collected for laboratory detection.Results Of 8 infected persons,6 were health care workers (HCWs)in department of neurosurgery,1 was a family member of HCW,and 1 was a patient,the major symptoms of the infected persons were low-grade fever,sore throat,and ma-laise,there were 67 patients and HCWs in this department,the attack rate of influenza was 11.94%,there was no similar infection in other departments of the hospital during the same period.The throat swabs from 6 infected HCWs were positive in influenza virus nucleic acid detection.Office for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)man-agement participated the investigation,after active isolation and antiviral treatment,the outbreak was effectively controlled.Conclusion This HAI outbreak is a seasonal influenza H3 outbreak,ventilation and environmental dis-infection in wards should be strengthened when central air conditioning is running,anti-influenza vaccination among HCWs should be performed during the epidemic season of influenza,and surveillance should be strengthened to pre-vent influenza outbreak in hospital.

This study is to establish the gastric cold model of rats. After gastric feeding with cold water for 5 weeks and extra iced water bath in the last 2 weeks, model group show distinct physical sign of gastric cold syndrome. The pathology of gastrics reveals gastricism of model group, while treatment group(treated with Fanzuojin Wan) show mild lesion. Elisa detection of model group show that the solution of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is higher than blank group. The difference with significance among model group, treatment group and blank group reveals the success of the establishment of gastric cold syndrome.
Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Stomach Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

This study is to establish the gastric hot model of rats. After gastric feeding with ethanol solution for 3 weeks and feeding with extra capsaicin and ethanol solution for another 2 weeks, model group show distinct physical sign of gastric hot syndrome. The pathology of gastrics reveals gastricism of model group, while treatment group (treat with Zuojin Wan) shows mild lesion. Elisa detection of model group show that the solution of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is higher than the blank group. The obvious difference among model group, treatment group and blank group reveals the success of the establishment of gastric hot model.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Diseases ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology

Objective To study the cerebral energy metabolism changes of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) through hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy examination (1 HMRS ) and its relationship with partial pressure of oxygen / carbon dioxide tension.Methods Totally 13 cases of AECOPD patients and 10 cases of age-matched healthy people underwent HMRS examination.The ratios of n-acetyl-aspartate(NAA)/creatine(Cr),choline (Cho)/Cr,myo-inositol(MI)/Cr of parieto-temporal and occipital areas of brain were detected.Blood gas analysis were also used to detect partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2).Results NAA / Cr of parieto-temporal and occipital areas of brain (1.32±0.12,1.48±0.12) were lower in AECOPD group than those in control group (1.45±0.11,1.58±0.10) (P＜ 0.05),MI/Cr (0.23±0.07,0.30±0.11) were also decreased compared with control group (0.40±0.14,0.46±0.12) (P＜ 0.01),while Cho/Cr of parieto -temporal and occipital areas of brain between the AECOPD group and control group showed no significant difference (P＞0.05).NAA/Cr of parieto temporal and occipital areas of brain were positively correlated with PaO2 (r=0.46 and 0.44),and MI/Cr of these areas of brain were also positively related with PaO2 (r=0.63 and 0.50),but MI / Cr of parieto tempora was negatively correlated with PaCO2 (r =- 0.472). Conclusions Cerebral metabolite changes may occur in AECOPD patients,and this has relationship with hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention.

Background and purpose:Cancer microenvironment has become a hot topic of cancer research. It is important in the initiation of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to discuss the correlation between the characteristics of tissue culturein vitro and different cell types in cancer microenvironment.Methods:Samples were collected at different distances from the colorectal cancer lesions, which were named as positions 1, 2 and 3 from distal to proximal. Tissues were cut into 1-2 mm3 forin vitro culturing. HE staining was used to observe the structure of crypts. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Cyclin D1 (CD1), CD133, cytokeratin18 (CK18), vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).Results:Position 3 grew faster than position 2 and position 1. As getting closer to the colorectal cancer lesions, expressions of CD1, CD133, vimentin and α-SMA were increased while expression of CK18 was decreased.Conclusion:The tissue structure and the expression of different cell types in cancer microenvironment changed more seriously as get-ting closer to the colorectal cancer lesions. This indicated that the change of cancer microenvironment may contribute to the initiation of colorectal cancer.

Objective To generate an autoimmune cholangitis animal model and investigate whether CXCR3 and its ligand were involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Methods Female C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and CXCR3 knockout (CXCR3-/-) mice were injected with 5 mg/kg of poly I:C intra-peritoneally twice a week for 24 consecutive weeks. Liver specimens were collected to evaluate the degree of cell infiltration. AMA was assayed by ELISA. Differences in pathology were compared between CXCR3-/- mice and wild-type. Student's test was used to assess the differences. Results Anti-mitochon-drial antibody (AMA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level were elevated significantly in the sera of all poly Ⅰ:C injected mice compared with control mice. AMA titers in serum were increased in the poly I:C injected WT mice compared with that of the control mice at week 8, 16, and 24 respectively (0.70±0.41 vs 0.17±0.04,0.48±0.35 vs 0.19±0.07, 0.69±0.44 w 0.20±0.06, P＜0.01). There was no significant difference between AMA titers in the serum of WT PBC mice and CXCR3-/- PBC mice (0.70±0.41 vs 0.56±0.25, 0.48±0.35 vs 0.46±0.35, 0.69±0.44 vs 0.85±0.34). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were raised among the poly I:Cinjected WT mice compared with WT controls (115±33) vs (65±7) U/ml; (119±32) vs (70±9) U/ml; (133±52) vs (77±10) U/ml. The serum ALP levels in CXCR3-/- PBC mice were (106±29), (112±29)and (122±60) U/ml at week 8, 16 and 24 respectively. There was no significant difference in ALP level between WT and CXCR3-/- mice PBC model. Considerable numbers of infiltrating cells were detected at the portal areas 8weeks after poly I:C injection, which progressed up to 24 weeks. At week 24, the interlobular bile ducts were lost and bile-plug were evident. Compared to WT mice model, this results revealed that CXCR3-/- mice, had fewer foci of inflammation and significant reduction in total inflammatory cells in their livers than those of the WT mice at 8, 16 and 24 weeks after injection of poly I:C. At week 24, there were no cholestasis orgranulomas in CXCR3-/- mice of PBC models. Compared to the control model, CXCL10 serum level was increased in PBC model. With the disease progression, CXCL10 serum level was elevated gradually. In comparison with wild mice, CXCR3-/- mice model had a higher serum level of CXCL10. At week 24, there was significant difference of CXCL10 serum level between wild-type mice and CXCR3-/- mice model. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings indicate that, CXCR3-/- mice might have a delayed onset and ultimately could not recruit sufficient effector cells to the liver for inflammation development.

Objective To generate an primary biliary cirrhosis animal model and investigate whether CXCR3 and its ligands were involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).Methods Female C57BL/6 wild-type(WT)mice were injected with 5 mg/kg of poly I:C intraperitoneally twice a week for 24 consecutive weeks.Establishment of PBC was confirmed by liver function test,serom autoantibodies and liver biopsy.Expression of CXCR3 on lymphocytes of liver/spleen and level of CXCL10 in peripheral blood were tested by flow cytometry assay and ELISA.The t-test was used for two group data comparison.Results Anti-mitochondrial antibody was detected in the sera of all poly I:C injected wild type C57BL/6mice.Considerable numbers of inflammatory cells were detected at the portal areas 8 weeks after the initiation of poly I:C injection,which progressed up to 24 weeks.Compared the to control mice,serum level of CXCL10was increased in PBC mice.With the disease progression,CXCL10 serum level was elevated.The level of CXCL10 at 8,16 and 24 weeks in PBC model was 0.28±0.10,0.33±0.19 and 0.27±0.11,which were much higher than those of the control mice.CXCL10 serum level of control mice was 0.07±0.03.0.08±0.05,0.10±0.04 respectively.Compared to control model,the proportion of CXCR3+ positive cells was inereased in the intrahepatic infiltrates of PBC model,mostly on CD8+ T cells.Moreover,the expression of CXCR3 was decreased in CD3+and CD8+splenocytes from PBC model compared with control model.Conclusion CXCR3and CXCL1O may attract T cells to the liver of PBC mice mode in the process of PBC development

Objective To explore transinfection of rabbit chondrocytes via chitosan microsphere with human IL-1Ra and TGF-β1 gene. Methods Chitosan-DNA microspheres carrying plasmids with IL-1 Ra and TGF-β1 genes were prepared.The encapsulation efficiency,DNA-released kinetics and lysozyme degradation in vitro were performed.Articular rabbit chondrocytes were co-transinfected with the plasmids with IL-1Ra and TGF-β1 genes via chitosan-DNA mierosphere,evaluated by fluorescence microscope,TaqMan real-time PCR assay and MTF test. Results The chitosan microspheres with IL-1Ra and TGF-β1 genes were(2.8±0.2)μm and(2.6±0.1)μm in diameters respectively.The encapsulation efficiency were(88.3±4.1)%and(87.2±2.6)%.During the degradation,significant morphological changes were noticed.The plasmids could be released in a multiphasic fashion.Enhanced green fluorescent protein and Real-Time PCR analysis showed that genes were expressed in chondrocytes.lasting near 30 days.MTT indicated that the cotransinfection promoted the chondrocytes'proliferation. Conclusion IL-1Ra and TGF-β1 genes cotransfected into chondrocytes via chitosan-DNA microsphere could be expressed in a long term and cotransinfection promoted the chondroeytes'proliferation,which is the base of inhibiting the degeneration of cartilage and promote cartilage repair.

OBJECTIVE:To screen the optimal technology of dog testes and penis processed with talcum powder,and to pro-vide reference for the formulation of quality control standard. METHODS:Taking the comprehensive score of crushing rate and the content of alcohol soluble extract as evaluation indexes,L9(34) orthogonal test was used to optimize processing temperature,pro-cessing time and the amount of talcum powder;validation test was conducted. According to related method in Chinese Pharmaco-poeia(2015 edition),the contents of moisture,ash,nitrogen and alcohol soluble extract were determined,and automatic amino ac-id analyzer was used to determine the content of amino acids in samples. RESULTS:The optimal processing technology were that 100 kg dog testes and penis should add into 40 kg talcum powder;the processing temperature was 350-380 ℃;processing lasted for 4 min. Results of verification test showed that the average crushing rate and the content of alcohol soluble extract were 80.2%(RSD=0.95%,n=3)and 15.7%(RSD=2.30%,n=3). In processed dog testes and penis,the contents of moisture,ash,nitro-gen and alcohol soluble extract were 5.7%,18.7%,8.3%,15.7%,respectively. Besides,there still were 16 kinds of amino ac-ids,and their total content was 42.44%. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized talcum powder processing technology of dog testes and penis is stable and practical. The content of moisture,ash,nitrogen,alcohol soluble extract and amino acid can be used as impor-tant quality standard control indexes for processed dog testes and penis.