Humans ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms ; pathology ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; pathology ; Smooth Muscle Tumor ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; Vascular Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemicalcharacteristics of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast(PSCCB). Methods Sixteen patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve cases with a follow-up information were evaluated for ER, PR, C-erbB-2, HCK, Ki-67 expression. Results PSCCB is a very rare neoplasm,constituting 0.8 % of all breast carcinoma over 28 years(1981-2008) in our hospital. The patients age varied from 25 to 72, median age is 49 years old. All patients received operative treatment. Seven patients had metastatic disease in axillary lymph nodes. Three patients died from metastases and tumour recurrence.Tumors were usually ER-negative, but most cases showed high molecular cytokeratin (HCK) expression.Conclusion In terms of the clinical feature, there were no differences between the PSCCB and the other breast cancer. PSCCB could be confirmed by pathology. The prognosis is in controversial. Standard therapy should be studied and recommended in future.

OBJECTIVE:To select the optimum watering extraction process of yangyinqingwei oral liquid. METHODS: Influence of extraction time upon the extraction of volatile oil was observed; The orthogonal design was adopted to observe the extraction process of weight of the extracts and the content of paeoniflorin. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The optimum watering extraction process of yangyinqingwei oral liquid was that medicinal materials were dipped for 30 minutes before decoction,then the extraction of volatile oil in saposhnikovia divaricata and pogostemon cablinlasted for 2 hours, next the residue of drugs and the other drugs were decocted together, and finally water of 8 times as much as the drugs were added and the mixture was extracted 3 times, with 1.5 hours for each time.

Autoimmune Diseases ; immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; genetics ; immunology ; Sclerosis ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Formation of malignant tumor originating from normal healthy cell is a multistep process including genetic and epigenetic lesions. Previous studies of cell line model systems displayed that early important epigenetic events happened in stepwise fashion prior to cell immortalization. Once these epigenetic alterations are integrated into chromatin, they will perform vertical propagation through cell subculture. Hence, status of epigenetics is dramatically important in maintaining of cell identity. Histone modification is another factor of epigenetic alterations during human oncogenesis. Histones, one of main components of chromatin, can be modified post-translationally. Histone tail modifications are regulated by corresponding modification enzymes. This review focuses on the description of relationship between the main sites of histone modification and oncogenesis.

Humans ; International Agencies ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Seminal Vesicles ; pathology ; Societies, Medical ; Tumor Burden ; United States ; Urinary Bladder ; pathology

Objective To investigate factors affecting residual stones in pediatric patients with the upper urinary calculi un ‐dergoing minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL ) and evaluate MPCNL curative effect before the operation . Methods A total of 240 children underwent MPCNL to remove the upper urinary calculi in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during the period of January 2009 to November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .Pediatric patients were di‐vided into two groups by the stone‐free rate after the first operation :those who were stone‐free after the first operation (n= 202) as the control group and those who were residual stones (n= 38) as residual stones observation group .Then the clinical data were sta‐tistically analyzed and find out risk factors which lead to residual stone .Results The stone‐free rate after primary M PCNL was 84 . 2% (202/240) .Univariate analysis showed that stone size (P= 0 .001) ,stone location(P= 0 .014) and number of stones(P= 0 .005) were significant factors which could affect residual stones between the two groups ,while did not relate with gender ,age ,stone side , urinary irritation symptom ,hematuria ,renal colic ,preoperative infection and the degree of hydronephrosis (P > 0 .05) .Multivariate analysis showed that stone size(OR = 2 .593 ,95% CI :1 .228 - 5 .475) ,stone location(OR = 2 .674 ,95% CI :1 .290 - 5 .540)and num‐ber of stones(OR = 2 .397 ,95% CI :1 .145 - 5 .019)were independent predictors of the surgical outcome .Conclusion Stone size , stone location and number of stones are significant factors affecting residual stones in pediatric patients with the upper urinary cal ‐culi undergoing MPCNL .According to the the clinical features of pediatric patients ,we can chose suitable management of upper uri‐nary tract calculi .

OBJECTIVE:To prepare the compound chlorhexidine acetate ear drops for treating anaerobic and aerobic infections of antrum auris METHODS:The compound chlorhexidine acetate ear drops was prepared with mixed solvent of glycerin,alcohol and distilled water The contents of two main ingredients were determined by dual-wavelength isobestic point spectrophotometry and the stability of preparation was examined RESULTS:The average recovery of metronidazole was 99 34%(RSD=0 57%,n=6) and that of chlorhexidine acetate was 101 17%(RSD=0 88%,n=6) CONCLUSION:The new preparation is rational in formula,simple in quality control and good in stability and has good prospects in development

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Diseases ; congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Rare Diseases ; X-Rays