AIM To determine the dynamic changes of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in various brain regions of cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice. METHODS Concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and metabolites were determined by HPLC-ECD on d 0,1,3,5 and d 20 after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by common carotid artery occlusion. RESULTS The cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice showed decreased concentrations of NE, MHPG, DA, DOPAC, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in various brain regions, especially in hippocampus. CONCLUSION Several neuron systems play an important role in neurons damage of cerebral ischemia reperfusion, especially the NE and DA in hippocampus which is sensitive to the ischemia damage. The data offer useful guides for clinical treatments of cerebral ischemia diseases.

Most chemical medicines have polymorphs. The difference of medicine polymorphs in physicochemical properties directly affects the stability, efficacy, and safety of solid medicine products. Polymorphs is incomparably important to pharmaceutical chemistry, manufacturing, and control. Meantime polymorphs is a key factor for the quality of high-end drug and formulations. Polymorph prediction technology can effectively guide screening of trial experiments, and reduce the risk of missing stable crystal form in the traditional experiment. Polymorph prediction technology was firstly based on theoretical calculations such as quantum mechanics and computational chemistry, and then was developed by the key technology of machine learning using the artificial intelligence. Nowadays, the popular trend is to combine the advantages of theoretical calculation and machine learning to jointly predict crystal structure. Recently, predicting medicine polymorphs has still been a challenging problem. It is expected to learn from and integrate existing technologies to predict medicine polymorphs more accurately and efficiently.

Objective To analyze the recuperation of lungs after TECAB, and probe more effective nursing care for the lungs of patients after TECAB. Methods 20 cases received the treatment of TECAB were collected during the period of January 2009 to July 2010. Due to the reason of ventilation with single lung, patients were demanded to strength breath and take right lateral position and treated with back-tapping in left lung. Meanwhile, patients were treated with back-tapping with lower intensity and more times and lower frequency vibration ( 10 - 15 time/s). The recuperation of patients were observed and analyzed. Results After treatment, the value of PaO2 and PaCO2 were in normal range, and no complications were occurred and all of them recovered from illness. Conclusions Effective and well-targeted lungs nursing is an important assurance that helps the sufferer to recover from illness and the new lungs nursing after one-lung ventilation in TECAB is effective.

Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases

Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was established for the determination of eplerenone (EP) in human plasma. The plasma samples of EP were extracted with ethyl acetate and separated by HPLC on a reversed phase C18 column with a mobile phase of 10 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate water solution-methanol (30 : 70, v/v). EP was determined with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 2-4 000 ng x mL(-1) for EP. The lower limit of quantification was 2 ng x mL(-1). The method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of the EP tablets. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of EP after oral administration of 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg were as follows, t1/2: (4.9 +/- 2.1), (4.7 +/- 1.5), (5.9 +/- 1.2) h; AUC(0-infinity): (4 402 +/- 1 735), (8 150 +/- 2 509), (13 783 +/- 4 102) microg x h x L(-1); and MRT: (6.2 +/- 2.1), (6.6 +/- 1.3), and (7.2 +/- 1.6) h. Parameters of EP after oral administration of multiple doses of 50 mg were as follows, t1/2: (6.1 +/- 1.7) h; AUC(ss): (10 071 +/- 4220) microg x h x L(-1); MRT: (8.1 +/- 2.3) h; and DF: (3.2 +/- 1.0).
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Spironolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms of enhanced antileukemia activity of conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd) by interleukin-24 (IL-24).

METHODSThe ability of CRAd ZD55 to infect leukemia cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in leukemia cells treated with PBS, ZD55, ZD55-IL-24, and an adenovirus carrying IL-24 (Ad-IL-24) were determined by Western blot analysis. Animal xenograft tumor model was established by Mutz-1 cell line.Deparaffinized tumor sections were incubated with anti-CD31, and VEGF antibody, followed by immunohistochemistry analysis.

RESULTThe GFP-positive cells were 5.1% and 42.3% in Mutz-1 cells treated with ZD55-EGFP vector at MOI of 10 and 100 for 48h, respectively. ZD55-IL-24 treatment resulted in the marked down-regulation of VEGF protein expression and ZD55 inhibited VEGF slightly; however, there was no change observed in the cells treated with Ad-IL-24. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that Ad-IL-24 inhibited slightly angiogenesis and ZD55 treatment resulted in significant inhibition of angiogenesis. ZD55-IL-24 treatment almost completely inhibited angiogenesis in tumor tissues.

CONCLUSIONIL-24 enhances the antileukemia activity of ZD55 by inhibiting VEGF protein expression and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Interleukins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; genetics ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo assess the distribution frequency of Gly82Ser polymorphism of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGR) gene and investigate its association with type 2 diabetic Chinese patients.

METHODSThe allele frequencies and genotype distribution of Gly82Ser polymorphism of RAGE gene were compared in a case-control study of 194 type 2 diabetic and 546 non-diabetic subjects. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for detection of the genotype variants.

RESULTSIn general Chinese population and type 2 diabetic Chinese patients, the most frequent genotype and allele of RAGR gene Gly82Ser polymorphism were genotype GG and allele G, whose frequency distribution were significantly higher than those in other countries (P<0.01). No significantly difference in the genotype frequencies or allele frequencies of Gly82Ser polymorphism were found between the diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONGly82Ser polymorphism of RAGE gene does not demonstrate any association with type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients, but high genotype and allele frequencies of Gly82Ser polymorphism occur in Chinese population and type 2 diabetic Chinese patients.

Aged ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; ethnology ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Glycine ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; Serine ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) on syndecan-4 protein expression and proliferation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial-like cells (HUVECs) in vitro.

METHODSHUVECs exposed to different concentrations of TNF-alpha(100, 20, 10, and 1 ng/ml) were cultured for 24 h and 36 h to observe their proliferation in comparison with the control group. The cell proliferation rate was determined by non-radioactive MTS/PES assay. The expression of syndecan-4 protein was evaluated by immunoblotting technique using anti-syndecan-4 antibody. Results The proliferation rate of the endothelial-like cells was 1.956-/+0.214 in the control group, and 2.154-/+0.250, 2.260-/+0.151, 2.118-/+0.205 and 2.106-/+0.136 in TNF-alpha-treated groups corresponding to TNF-alpha concentrations of 100, 20, 10 and 1 ng/ml at 24 h, respectively. It was shown that TNF-alpha significantly stimulated cell proliferation at the concentration above 1 ng/ml (P<0.05) as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The proliferation rate of the endothelial-like cell was 1.915-/+0.236 in the control group, and 2.067-/+0.328, 2.207-/+0.150, 2.052-/+0.126 and 2.051-/+0.180 in TNF-alpha-treated groups corresponding to TNF-alphaconcentrations of 100, 20, 10 and 1 ng/ml at 36 h, respectively. The expression of syndecan-4 protein was significantly enhanced by TNF-alpha.

CONCLUSIONSTNF-alpha can stimulate HUVEC proliferation, and expression of syndean-4 may represent an additional component of the pro-inflammatory, growth-stimulating pathways that are activated in response to changes in the vascular wall.

Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Syndecan-4 ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo establish a method of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes based quantitative PCR (MSRE-qPCR) for analysis of CpG island DNA of FMR1 gene, and to assess its value for molecular diagnosis of fragile X syndrome.

METHODSThirty boys with mental retardation and abnormal repeats of 5'(CGG)n in the FMR1 gene and 20 mothers were analyzed by conventional PCR screening. Eag I was used to digest genomic DNA, and qPCR was performed to amplify CpG island in the FMR1 gene using both undigested and digested templates. Raw Ct values were obtained through quantitative PCR amplification. The degree of CpG island methylation was calculated by 2 - U+0394 U+0394 Ct. The result of MSRE-qPCR was verified by Southern blotting. 30 healthy females and 30 healthy males were used as controls to optimize the established MSRE-qPCR method.

RESULTSThe ranges of 2 - U+0394 U+0394 Ct value for normal methylation, partial methylation and full methylation were determined. Among the 30 patients, 3 were found to have partial methylation of CpG island of the FMR1 gene, and 27 were found to have full methylation (3/30 results were verified by Southern blotting). Only 7 mothers were found abnormal methylation of CpG island of FMR1 gene, whilst the remaining 13 mothers were normal.

CONCLUSIONMSRE-qPCR is a quick and reliable method for quantitative analysis of CpG island methylation status in FMR1 gene, which may provide a new strategy for the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome.

CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; genetics ; Fragile X Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors