Objective To explore the status of iodine nutrition in 8～10 years children after universal salt iodization(USI)in the iodine deficiency area.Methods Probability proportion to size method(PPS)or simple random sampling methods were used to sample children aged 8～10 years in iodine deficiency area in the vear 1995,1997,1999,2002 and 2005, respectively.Goiter were detected by palpation and B-ultrasound, iodine concentration in salt was detected by direct titration method and that in urine by the method of As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry.Results After USI has been implemented,the median of salt and urinary iodine tended to mcreaseand the goiter rate tended to decrease year by year.In 2005,the coverage rate of iodinated salt was elevated to 97.2%,qualified iodize salt rate was 97.1%and edible qualified iodinated salt rate was 94.3%in the whole iodine deficiency areas.The median of urinary iodine Was 227.7 μg/L 89.7%(323/360)of the population had a level of the urinary iodine over 100μg/L Goiter rate of 8～10 years children Wag decreased from 22.3%(282/1267)to 4.4%(53/1200) from 1995 to 2005.Conclusion After 10-year USI,the status of iodine nutrition in ShaJldong Province has been promoted obviously and it is in a suitable iodine nutritional status.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) implanted by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for patients with benign biliary stricture (BBS).Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with BBS underwent ERCP and FCSEMS placement between January 2012 and January 2016 were retrospectively recorded.Success rate of BBS,adverse events related to ERCP and stricture recurrence were analyzed.Results A total of 38 patients underwent FCSEMS placement with a mean time of stent in dwelling for 8 months (range:3-13months).During follow-up after the stent was removed,death of 1 patient after liver transplantation was due to unrelated cause.The mean follow-up time was 13 months (range:2-52 months) for other patients.Stricture recurrence occurred in 6 patients,including 2 cases of gallstone-related biliary strictures,1 case of chronic pancreatitis-related biliary strictures,2 cases of liver transplantation-related biliary strictures,and 1 case of post surgical-related biliary strictures.Stricture resolution occurred in 31 cases with 83.8％ (31/37) success rate,including 90.0％ (18/20) gallstone-related biliary strictures,75.0％ (3/4) chronic pancreatitis-related biliary strictures,80.0％ (8/10) liver transplantation-related biliary strictures,and 66.7％ (2/3)post surgical-related biliary strictures.The incidence of post-ERCP complications was 21.1％ (8/38),including mild pancreatitis in 5 case,hyperamylasemia in 2 cases,cholangitis in 1 case.All patients were cured by conservative treatment.Conclusion FCSEMS are effective and safe for BBS.Further studies are needed to assess the indwelling time of FCSEMS,whether FCSEMS are superior to multiple plastic stents and the different efficacy of FCSEMS for BBS caused by different etiology.

Oroxylum indicum was a traditional Chinese medicine. In order to study the chemical constituents from the seed of O. indicum, the chemical constituents of 80% methanol extract of seeds of O. indicum were subjected to chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, leading to the isolation of eleven compounds. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data as oroxin B (1), chrysin (2), baicalein (3), neglectein (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy ranoside (5), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2α,3β-dihydroxylluPeol (7), lupeol (8), rengyol (9), β-sitostero (10), and stigmasterol (11). Among them, compound 5 were firstly obtained from O. indicum.
Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibi-tor (BBI)on LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells.Methods Cytotoxicity effect of LPS and BBI on intestinal epithelial cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Intestinal epithelial cells were pre-treated with BBI,followed by LPS stimulation,expression of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-8,and MCP-1)was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction;the activation of NF-κB was measured by pNF-κB-luc system and Western Blot.Results The maximum concentration of LPS (10000 ng/mL)and BBI (1000 μg/mL)had no cytotoxicity effect on intestinal epithelial cells.LPS could potently up-regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-8,and MCP-1 ),the up-regulation was positively correlated to the concentration of LPS;LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells could achieve the highest level,then decreased over time.The up-regulation of LPS on inflammatory cytokines in intestinal epi-thelial cells had dose-time effect;when intestinal epithelial cells were pretreated by BBI for 6 hours,the inhibitory effect of BBI on LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells was most obvious, and had dose-time effect.Conclusion BBI can potently inhibit LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inhibiting NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells.

ObjectiveTo look into the distribution of “iodine suitable” region in iodine-deficient areas in Shandong province and to provide a scientific basis for guiding the redesignate of iodine-deficient areas and launch scientific supply of iodine.Methods One to 3 copies of water source samples were collected in 105 existing iodine-deficient counties by village.Water iodine content was detected by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The areas with water iodine content below 10 μg/L was defined as iodine-deficient areas and among 10 - 150 μg/L were “iodine suitable areas” and greater than 150 μg/L were high iodine areas.Results The research was carried out in 14 cities,105 counties,and 1337 towns.We collected 65 716 water samples.Sample recovery efficiency reached 99.8％.The median of water iodine was 5.57 μg/L.In the 1337 towns surveyed,there were 82.05％(1097/1337) of the township with water iodine median ＜ 10 μg/L,17.43％(233/1337) between 10 - 150 μg/L,and 0.52％(7/1337) ＞ 150 μg/L.Conclusions In Shandong province,the water “iodine suitable” regions are distributed scattered with considerable proportion.In iodine-deficient areas,there are areas with high water iodine,and iodine-deficient regions should be redrawn.Emphasis should be put on iodine nutritional status of residents in “high iodine and iodine suitable” regions,and iodine supplementation should be carries out scientifically.

Objective To survey the highly risk iodine deficiency regions of Shandong Province and to provide reference basis for further executing urgent iodine supply. Methods The annual document of cretinism in Licheng District in Jinan City and Shouguang City, the two iodine deficiency regions, were referred. Forty children aged 8-10 years of 2 targeted schools from 3 towns out of every targeted region underwent palpation, ultrasonography and As3+-Ce4+catalyzing speetrophotometry for ultra iodine examination. Twenty women aged 18-40 years from 2 villages sampled from every targeted town received ultra iodine examination and edible salt examination of iodine with direct titration. Results No new cretinism and suspected cretinism was found since 1995 in the regions. The goiter rates of children of the two regions detected with palpation and ultrasonography were 7.5% (18/241),6.2% (15/241) and 5.0% (13/259), 1.2% (3/259), respectively. Two hundred forty and 249 urine samples were respectively collected in school children, in which the median urinary iodine was 226.3,282.7 μg/L. One hundred twenty urine samples were respectively collected from the two group of women, resulting a median urinary iodine of 187.2,321.7 μg/L. Eight and 2 salt samples were free of iodine in 120 salt samples collected each region, respectively. The rate of qualified iodized salt was 100%. Conclusions It is not necessary to urgently implement iodine supply in Shouguang City and Licheng District. However, reinforcement of supervise on salt industry and eliminating the hazard from non-iodized and disqualified iodized salt remains in need.

Objective To find out prevelence of thyroid goiter on school-aged children in excessive iodine region of Shandong Province.Methods By employing B-ultrasonography and palpation method,the thyroid volume were investigated and the thyroid goiter rate were calculated among 6415 children aged 8～10 years old in execssire iodine region.Results By employing B-ultrasonography method.The volumes of thyroid in goiter children aged 8,9,10 years were(5.67±1.49),(6.07±1.24),(7.30±2.01)ml,respectively.The goiter rates were 28.84%(683/2368),20.89%(448/2144),11.82%(225/1903).The volumes of thyroid in non-goiter children aged 8,9,10 years were(3.36±0.67),(3.64±0.77),(4.02±0.94)ml.When the normal value of thyroid volume in 8 and 9 year-groups lowered 0.5 ml,the goiter rate would be changed to 18.20%(430/2368)and 12.92%(277/2144) respectively.The thyroid volumes of boys and girls were(4.20±1.38),(4.18±1.73)ml,respectively.The goiter rates of boys and girls were 21.92%(732/3340)and 20.29%(624/3075)respectively.The rates of goiter detected by palpation in 8,9 and 10 year-groups were 10.05%(238/2368),10.31%(221/2144)and 14.45%(275/1903) respectively.Conclusions Along with the increasing age,the volume of thyroid in children aged 8～10 is increasing in excessive iodine region of Shandong Province.But the goiter rate is decreasing ahmg the increasing age.This phenomena may be caused by improper normal value of thyroid volume.Therefore,the normal value of thyroid volume should be revised urgently.

Objective To investigate the danger of iodine excess for people in the downstream area of Yellow River in Shandong Province by describing the distribution of iodine excess water and the gorer of children Methods Water samples were collected from 5 villages of every town of Yuncheng,Jiaxiang and Dongchangfu Counties to determine the iodine of the water using arsenic cerium oxidation reduction method.In the 5 towns having water iodine in the range of 150～300μg/L,200 students aged from 8～10 years received the paJpation of thyroid,half of them were also measured of urinary iodine with As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium persulfate digestion method,and 50 of the 100 students further underwent thyroid B-ultrasound.Results Three counties all have high iodine towns.The medium of urinary iodine of 30 town8 in 56 towns was higher than 150μg/L Urinary iodine and sign detection were performed in 13 towns,where water iodine was between 150～ 300μg/L;the medium ofurinary iodine of 11 towns were higherthan 400μg/L,and 3 of the 11 towns were higher than 800μg/L.In all 13 towns,the goiter rate of the students aged 8 to 10 years exceeded 5%by palpation in 11 towns:exceeded 5% by B-ultrasound method in 9 towns.Conclusions There are areas of iodine excess in drinking water and iodine-excess endemic goiter prevails in downstream area of the Yellow River in Shandong Province.It indicates that iodine excess in drinking water has done severe harm in these areas. Active management should be taken to control this endemic disease.

Objective To evaluate the damage caused by high intensity ultrasound(HIU)on tumor micro- vessels.Methods Rabbit models of the VX_2 tumor were set up.The target hepatic carcinomas were treated with HIU,and the results were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,vascular endothelial cell biotinylated-ulex europaeus agglutininiⅠ(UEAI)immunohistochemical staining,tumor micro-vessel counts,and electron microscopy. Results Histological examination through HE staining indicated that HIU induced carcinoma vascularities with whole tumor tissue coagulative necrosis.The UEAI immunohistochemical staining of the target lesions treated by HIU was ne- gative,and complete tumor micro-vessel uhrastructure damage was observed under the electron microscope.Conclu- sion HIU can damage tumor micro-vessels thoroughly,in such way that it may inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the blocking effect and mechanism of Soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI)on LPS-mediated downregulation for tight junction protein(HT-29 cells)in intestinal epithelial cells(IECs). Methods The toxic effect of LPS and BBI on HT-29 cells was detected by CCK8 Kit.HT-29 cells were pretreated by BBI for 6 hours prior to LPS stimulation, the expression of tight junction protein(ZO-1 and Occludin), TLR4, and MyDD8 was detected by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and Western Blot;activation of NF-κB was measured by Western Blot.Results LPS(1 000ng/mL)and BBI(1 000μg/mL)showed no cytotoxicity on HT-29 cells.LPS could significantly upregulate the expression of TLR4 in HT-29 cells, the up-regulation had time-dose effect, and could significantly downregulate the expression of tight junction protein, the down-regulation effect was directly proportional to the concentration of LPS, could activate NF-κB, and had dose effect, effect of LPS on HT-29 cells could be significantly inhibited by BBI.Conclusion By inhibiting the expression of TLR4 and activation of NF-κB in IECs induced by LPS, BBI can significantly block the LPS-mediated inhibitory effect on tight junction protein in intestinal epithelial cells.