Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of chronic, progressive, multiple, invasive autoimmune disease with two chief cclinical manifestations arthrosynovitis and ex-arthrosis, easy to occur in middle-aged women, also occur in children and the elderly, is characterized by progressive and break out repeatedly. RA pathogenesis is complex, there is no special treatment, used in treatment of R drug varied, new drugs and new therapies also emerge in endlessly, main including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), slow action anti-rheumatism medicine (SAARDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), biological agent, traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine preparations, domestic market for rheumatoid main drug treatment are NSAIDs, SAARDs, GCs, traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medi- cine preparations for the treatment of RA have its unique advantages, show the characteristics of overall adjustment, multi-level and multiple targets, and also can alleviate and against side effects of western medicine. In recent years, more and more get people's atten- tion. This paper reviewed the research progress and treatment features of commonly used therapeutic agents for the treatment of RA in recent years, which provides reference and basis for future medicine anti-RA.
Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Biological Factors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Glucocorticoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects

Objective To evaluate the training quality of anaesthesiology residents in different hospitals. Methods The scores of 125 residents,attending Shanghai resident clinic skill examination from 2005 to 2007,were analyzed. ResultsThe scores of examinees from municipal hospitals were higher than those from district hospitals,municipal specialized hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals.The scores of practice part were higher than those of theory part in all groups. Conclusion The training quality is related to the comprehensive strength of the hospital in which examinees work,but the training of theory knowledge still need to be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced hepatocyte inflammation of rats and TLR4/p38MAPK signal pathway.

METHODThe hepatocytes of SD rats were cultured and identified in vitro. The medicated serum of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes was prepared. The hepatocytes were treated with soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes. Then Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in cultural supernatants were assayed by ELISA. The expressions of Toll-Like 4 (TLR4), p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTThe rat medicated serum of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes was extracted for 2-3 mL. The purified rat hepatocytes were 1.5 x 10(8)-2.0 x 10(8). The cell viability was above 95% detected by Typan blue staining. The hepatocytes were identified by immumofluorescence assay. The detection of hepatocyte cultural supernatants: compared with that of the control group, IL-6 and TNF-α expression were increased in the LPS group (P < 0.01). While compared with that of the LPS group, the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased after soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes intervention (P < 0.01). The detection of hepatocyte proteins: compared with that of the control group, the protein expressions of p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK and TLR4 were all increased significantly in the LPS group (P < 0.01). Compared with that of the LPS group, the protein expressions of p38MAPK was decreased significantly in SB239063 group and it was also decreased in the soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes group, but with no significant difference. Compared with that of the LPS group, p38MAPK expression was reduced significantly in the soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes group and the SB239063 (p38MAPK pathway inhibitor) group (P < 0.01). TLR4 protein expression was decreased markedly in the soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes group (P < 0.01) but had no difference between the SB239063 group and the LPS group.

CONCLUSIONThe soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes may regulate hepatocyte inflammatory injury of rats through TLR4/p38MAPK signaling pathway.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; injuries ; metabolism ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Spleen ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic intraluminal closure of small colon perforation with metal clips in porcine model.Methods A 2 cm full-thickness colon perforation was made in 4 bama mini-pigs.One did not receive local closure as a control, while 3 others underwent closure with bi-and tri-arm clips, one of which received additional fibrin glue injection after closure.Necropsy was done on day 14 after the procedure, and dye leak test, peritoneal fluid bacteria culture and histological examination were performed.During the 2 week observation period, the body temperature and blood leukocytes count were recorded and compared.Results Endoscopic closure of the colon perforation was technically successful in all 3 pigs.The body temperature and blood leukocyte count of these pigs were both lower than those of the control.Necropsy showed that the perforation in control pig was not completely closed and with multiple adhesions around.Perforation complete closure and pathological healing without adhesion were observed in 2 pigs with clip closure only, while adhesion and incomplete pathological healing was detected in the other one with clip closure plus fibrinogen injection (P＜0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic intraluminal closure of a 2 cm colon perforation with metal clips is feasible and safe, while further study is needed to evaluate the effect of combined local fibrinogen injection.

Risk monitoring of new Chinese patent anti-hepatoma drugs is tracking recognized risks and residual risks, identifying emerging risk and ensure the implementation of the plan, estimating the process of reducing effectiveness. The paper is mainly through understanding the status of Chinese patent anti-hepatoma drugs, the content, characteristic and analysis method of dynamic risk monitoring, and then select the risk control indicators, collect risk information. Finally, puts forward the thought of anti-hepatoma drugs listed evaluation in our country, and try to establish the model of dynamic risk management of anti-hepatoma drugs.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; adverse effects ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; Drug Discovery ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; organization & administration ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; organization & administration ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

Objective To analyze the distribution of class 1,2 and 3 integrons and their gene cassettes,and to explore its relationship with drug resistance in Shigella.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was detected by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method.All the genes of integrons and gene cassettes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The amplicons were identified by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequencing.Results Fifty seven multi-drug resistant strains were identified from a total of 62 Shigella strains (91.9％).Among multi drug resistant strains,52 strains carried integrons of class 1 (91.2 ％) and 55 strains carried integrons of class 2 (96.5％).Only 2 strains carried class 1 integrons alone,5 strains carried class 2 integrons alone and 50 strains had both class 1 and class 2 integrons.Class 3 integrons were not detected.The gene cassettes of typical class 1 integrons,dfrV and dfrA17-aadA5,were detected in 6 strains and 2 strains,respectively.Atypical class 1 integrons with gene cassettes blaOxA30 aadA1 were detected in 44 strains.The typical and atypical class 1 integrons coexisted in 6 Shigella flexneri strains.Gene cassettes for class 2 integrons were dfrA1 sat1-aadA1.Conclusions The multi-drug resistant Shigella strains are widely distributed in Ji'nan,and the atypical class 1 integrons and class 2 integrons are common in these strains.Coexistence of the two integrons is observed in some of the strains.

Objective To analysis the clinical effects of biliary-pancreatic double stents in pancreatic cancer patients with obstructive jaundice.Methods From July 2008 to October 2011,a total of 60 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were randomly divided into two groups to receive biliary-pancreatic double stents (n =28) or biliary stent only (n =32) according to the odd and even numbers of their admission date.Changes in liver function,abdominal pain,quality of life scores (QOL) were compared between two groups.Results The stents were placed successfully in 54 patients (90.0％),in which symptoms were relieved or gradually disappeared in all patients after the procedure.One week after stents placement,the serum total bilirubin decreased significantly from 164.32 ±45.16 μmol/L before ERCP to 63.25 ±27.06 μmol/L (P ＜ 0.05),other parameters including ALT,AST,AKP and r-GT were also decreased significantly compared with those of pre-ERCP (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).25 cases in double-stents group and 29 cases in single-stent group had varying degrees of pain relief at 7d after ERCP,but the overall pain relief rate and complete pain relief rate in double-stent group were significantly higher than those in single-stent group (92.0％ vs.55.2％; 64.0％ vs.34.5％,P＜0.05).At 7d and 14d after ERCP,Karnofsky QOL score were improved significantly in double-stent group (P ＜ 0.05).It was significantly better than single-stent group at 14d after ERCP (P ＜0.05).No death or other severe ERCP-related complications were observed.Conclusion Biliary-pancreatic stent placement for pancreatic cancer could significantly improve liver function and relieve obstructive pain.In the ways of alleviating pain and improving quality of life scores,it was better than ERCP biliary stent placement,especially for patients with pancreatic cancer combined obstructive pain.It indicated that biliary-pancreatic stent placement was better than simple biliary stent placement for advanced pancreatic head cancer patients with obstructive pain.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of the ankle and the foot soft tissue defects. Methods 41 cases of the ankle and the foot soft tissue defects were treated with different types of pedicle flaps transfer 9 types of flaps were used in all patients. Results 36 flaps of 41 cases were completely survived, 2 ease with superficial necrosis and 3 cases with distal edge partially necrosis and these 5 cases all healed by dressing change. All the easeswere followed up 3 to 36 months(averaged 12 months). The flaps completely survived. Conclusion The study showed that the soft tissue defects in ankle and foot can be constructed satisfactory by selecting a reasonable pedicle flap, especially the sural neurocutaneons island flaps.

ObjectiveTo explore temperament characteristics of children with cerebral palsy.Methods364 children with cerebral palsy, ages from four months to seven years, were tested with modified Carey\'s Children Temperament Questionnaires. Temperament characteristics of children with different types of cerebral palsy, able and unable walk independently were compared.ResultsChildren with cerebral palsy had negative temperament including less active, low persistence, high distractibility and negative mood. Approach was different between children with diplegia and athtosis. There were no different temperaments among children with different lever of IQ. Children they could not walk independently had an obvious negative temperament.ConclusionChildren with cerebral palsy have significantly negative temperament.

Spleen kidney Yang deficiency (SKYD) diarrhea is a common syndrome in tranditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Until now, there is not an ideal SKYD diarrhea rat model for the research. In this study, we compared single factor way (method I, injecting hydrocortisone and gavaging Sennae Folium) with compound factors way(method II, gavaging adenine, improper diet, exhaustion, and gavaging Sennae Folium) on establishing SKYD diarrhea rat model. After modelling, diarrhea index, D-xylose excretory rate, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index and histopathology examination were used to evaluate the two ways. The results showed that, compared with health group, all the assessment criterias of method I and method II had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05). In addition, the index such as diarrhea index, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index (kidney, testis and thymus) and histopathology examination had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05) between method I and method II. In conclusion, the compound factors modelling method better conforms to the symptom of diarrhoea model caused by SKYD. This new modelling method provides a basis for studying on TCM astringents warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney, relieving diarrhea.
Animals ; Diarrhea ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Xylose ; metabolism ; Yang Deficiency ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology